Small knowledge of natural disasters

1. Knowledge of natural disaster prevention

1, lightning disaster and prevention (1) In lightning weather, stay indoors and close doors and windows; People who work outdoors should hide in buildings.

(2) TV, audio and other electrical appliances with no or insufficient lightning protection measures should not be used, and faucets should not be used. (3) Do not touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire, metal doors and windows, building external walls, and stay away from live equipment such as wires or other similar metal devices in thunderstorm weather.

2. Earthquake Disaster and Prevention (1) Classroom lighting, laboratory cabinets and library bookshelves should be fixed. (2) hide under the table with your back to the window during the earthquake and protect your head with a schoolbag.

(3) Don't rush out of the classroom during the earthquake, and avoid rushing up and down the stairs. 3. Tropical Storm Disaster and Prevention (1) Pay attention to the weather forecast and do a good job in prevention and preparation.

(2) The parts of the house that need to be reinforced should be reinforced in time, and the doors and windows should be closed. (3) Prepare food, drinking water, lighting, rain gear and necessary medicines to prevent accidents.

(4) Dredge the drainage facilities and keep them unobstructed. 4. Tornado Disaster and Prevention (1) When a tornado strikes, doors and windows should be opened to balance the indoor and outdoor air pressure to avoid the wind blowing off the roof and knocking down the walls.

(2) indoors, people should protect their heads and squat down facing the wall. (3) When encountering a tornado in the wild, you should quickly move in the opposite direction or sideways to avoid it.

5. Flood disaster and prevention (1) are threatened by floods. If there is enough time, we should move to hillsides and highlands in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, we should use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. Let the water transfer as much as possible. (2) When the flood comes too fast to move, you should immediately climb the roof, the roof, the big trees and the high walls, take refuge temporarily and wait for rescue. Don't swim alone to transfer.

2. Knowledge of natural disasters

Natural disasters/natural hazards "natural disasters" are abnormal phenomena in nature on which human beings depend, and the harm caused by natural disasters to human society is often shocking.

Among them are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mudslides, tsunamis, typhoons, floods and other sudden disasters; There are also gradual disasters, such as land subsidence, land desertification, drought, coastline changes, etc., which can only gradually appear in a long time; There are also environmental disasters caused by human activities such as ozone layer change, water pollution, soil erosion and acid rain. There is a complex relationship between these natural disasters and environmental damage.

It has become the common theme of the international community to scientifically understand the occurrence and development of these disasters and minimize their harm. Natural variations on the earth, including those induced by human activities, occur all the time. When this mutation brings harm to human society, it constitutes a natural disaster.

Because it has brought different degrees of damage to human production and life, including the relationship between man and nature through labor and the interpersonal relationship related to it. Disasters are negative or destructive.

Therefore, natural disasters are a manifestation of the contradiction between man and nature, with the dual attributes of nature and society, and are one of the most severe challenges faced by mankind in the past, present and future. The main sudden natural disasters in the world are: drought, flood, typhoon, storm surge, freezing injury, hail, tsunami, earthquake, volcano, landslide, debris flow, forest fire, agricultural and forestry diseases and insect pests, etc.

There are many kinds of natural disasters in China. Earthquake, typhoon, rainstorm, flood, waterlogging, high temperature, lightning, fog, haze, debris flow, landslide, tsunami, road icing, tornado, hail, snowstorm, collapse, land subsidence, sandstorm, etc. It occurs in all parts of the country and local areas every year, causing extensive damage or devastating blows in local areas.

China is the country with the largest variety of natural disasters in the world, among which there are seven natural disasters that have the greatest impact on China. 1, meteorological disasters There are more than 20 kinds of meteorological disasters, mainly including the following: (1) rainstorm: mountain torrents, river floods and urban water accumulation; (2) Rain and waterlogging: waterlogging; (3) Drought: drought in agriculture, forestry and grassland, and water shortage in industry, cities and rural areas; (4) Dry-hot wind: dry-hot wind and foehn wind; (5) High temperature heat wave: extreme heat and high temperature, human diseases, burns, and crop ripening; (6) Tropical cyclones: gale, rainstorm and flood; (7) Cold damage: crops, livestock and fruit trees are harmed by strong cooling and low temperature; (8) Freezing injury: frost, crop and livestock freezing injury, water pipes and oil pipes freezing injury; (9) Freezing rain: wires, branches and roads are frozen; (10) Freezing: rivers, lakes and seas freeze, and roads freeze after rain and snow; (1 1) Snow damage: snowstorm, snow; (12) Hail disaster: destroying crops and houses; (13) Wind disaster: falling trees, reversing houses, reversing cars and reversing boats; (14) Tornado: local destructive disaster; (15) Lightning: lightning casualties; (16) Continuous rain (lewd rain): it is not conducive to crop growth and development, grain mildew, etc. (17) dense fog: human diseases and traffic jams; (18) low-altitude windshear: aviation accident; (19) acid rain: crops are harmed.

2. Marine disasters Marine disasters mainly include the following types: (1) storm surge: including typhoon storm surge and temperate storm surge; (2) Tsunami: There are two types: long-range tsunami and local tsunami; (3) Waves: including wind waves, swells and nearshore waves, which are divided into typhoon waves and cyclone waves; (4) seawater; (5) red tide; (6) Coastal disasters: such as coastal erosion, landslides, land salinization and seawater pollution. (7) the harm of El Nino. 3. Flood disaster (1) rainstorm disaster; (2) mountain torrents; (3) snowmelt flood; (4) ice flood; (5) dam-break flood; (6) Debris flow and cement flood.

4. Earthquake disaster (1) tectonic earthquake; (2) Collapse earthquake; (3) mine earthquake; (4) Reservoir earthquake, etc. 5. Crop biological disasters (1) Crop diseases: there are mainly more than 240 kinds of rice diseases, 50 kinds of wheat diseases, 40 kinds of corn diseases, 40 kinds of cotton diseases and many diseases such as soybeans, peanuts and hemp; (2) crop pests; There are mainly 252 kinds of rice pests, more than 0/00 kinds of water wheat pests, 52 kinds of corn pests, more than 300 kinds of cotton pests and various other crop pests. (3) Crop weeds: about 8,000 species; (4) Rat damage. 6. Forest biological disasters (1) Forest diseases: 29 18 species; (2) Forest pests: 5020 species; (3) Forest rodents: 160 species.

7. Forest Fire The Natural Disaster Comprehensive Research Group of the State Science and Technology Commission, the State Planning Commission and the State Economic and Trade Commission divides natural disasters into seven categories: meteorological disasters, marine disasters, flood disasters, geological disasters, earthquake disasters, crop biological disasters, forest biological disasters and forest fires. However, disasters closely related to our daily life mainly include: 1. Natural variation of geological disasters and human activities may lead to changes in geological environment or geological body. When this change reaches a certain level, landslides, mudslides, land subsidence, ground collapse, rock swelling, sand liquefaction, land freezing and thawing, soil salinization, land desertification, earthquakes, volcanoes, geothermal disasters and other consequences will do harm to human beings and society.

This phenomenon is called geological disaster. Geological disasters also include derivative disasters.

(1) Debris flow. Debris flow is a special torrent containing a lot of sediment and stones in the valley under the stimulation of heavy rain and melting of snow and ice.

The formation of debris flow: the following three conditions must be met at the same time: steep terrain is convenient for water collection and water collection; Abundant loose matter; There is a lot of water in a short time. The material composition of debris flow can be divided into three categories: debris flow consists of a large number of cohesive soil, sand particles and stones with different particle sizes; Mainly cohesive soil, containing a small amount of clay particles and stones, with high viscosity, which is called debris flow when it becomes thick mud; Water-rock flow consists of water, sand and stones of different sizes.

Hazard of debris flow: hazard to residential areas; Harm to roads and railways; Harm to water conservancy and hydropower projects; Damage to mines; (2) landslides. The rocky mountain on the landslide is very fragile under the action of gravity for various reasons.

3. Who knows some first aid knowledge of natural disasters?

Strategic measures 1: Make plans and be ready at all times. Through the formulation and drills of national, provincial, municipal, district, enterprises and institutions, communities, schools and other emergency plans. Form an orderly and prepared disaster prevention and mitigation situation.

The emergency plan shall include the emergency organization system and responsibilities of natural disasters, forecasting and early warning, information reporting, emergency response, emergency disposal, emergency support, investigation and evaluation, etc. And form a set of work operation mechanism including before, during and after. We should not put the plan on the shelf, but let the masses and disaster managers master the plan skillfully through training and plan drills, and constantly improve the plan in practice.

Be prepared for danger in times of peace, and give priority to prevention. It is necessary to enhance the sense of hardship, persevere and prevent problems before they happen.

Adhere to the combination of prevention and emergency, and the combination of normality and abnormality. * * * Communities should be encouraged to formulate emergency preparedness plans, carry out disaster relief drills, equip with special communication equipment, replace common communication methods in case of emergency, and ensure necessary emergency materials and facilities.

Actively prepare for emergencies in terms of equipment, technology and personnel. Strategic Measure 2: People-oriented, disaster avoidance and mitigation are people-oriented, and ensuring the safety of public life and property is the primary task of disaster prevention and mitigation, so as to minimize the casualties caused by natural disasters and the harm to social and economic development.

In the face of natural disasters, scientific defense, from early blind disaster resistance to active disaster avoidance in recent years, embodies the Scientific Outlook on Development of disaster prevention and mitigation. Strategic measure 3: Monitoring and early warning, relying on science and technology to adhere to the basic principle of "prevention first" in disaster prevention and mitigation, putting disaster monitoring, forecasting and early warning in a very prominent position, and attaching great importance to and doing a good job in publishing early warning information for the whole society, including the socially disadvantaged groups.

Meteorological disaster is a sudden public event with long warning time and high forecasting accuracy. Strengthening the short-term and imminent forecast of disastrous weather, strengthening the production of early warning signals of sudden meteorological disasters and strengthening the release of meteorological early warning information are important scientific and technological guarantees for improving the level of disaster prevention and mitigation. We should rely on science and technology to improve the comprehensive quality of disaster prevention and reduction.

By strengthening scientific research and technological development in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation, adopting and popularizing advanced monitoring, forecasting, early warning, prevention and emergency treatment technologies and facilities, giving full play to the role of experts and professionals, and improving the scientific and technological level of responding to natural disasters. The practice of defending against typhoon in 2005 fully embodies the important role of modern meteorological technology in defending against Taiwan and Taiwan.

Modern detection methods such as new generation weather radar, automatic weather station, mobile weather station and meteorological satellite have improved the ability to monitor the latest trends of typhoons in real time; Numerical forecast products provide a reference for accurately forecasting the future path of typhoons, which makes forecasters more confident and confident in forecasting severe weather such as typhoons, and provides a scientific basis for accurate and advanced forecasting; Key forecasters play an important role in typhoon forecasting service. Strategic measure four: awareness of disaster prevention, and popularizing the public is the main body of disaster prevention.

To strengthen the sense of hardship, nip in the bud, and prevent and reduce disasters, it is necessary for the general public to widely enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and understand and master the knowledge of disaster avoidance. When natural disasters occur, ordinary people can know how to deal with the disaster, how to protect themselves and help others.

* * * Social organizations shall organize and publicize disaster knowledge and train disaster professionals or volunteers. Relevant departments widely publicize the common sense of disaster reduction through books, newspapers, audio-visual products and electronic publications, radio, television and the Internet, so as to enhance the public's sense of urgency, social responsibility and self-help and mutual assistance.

Through the action of "disaster prevention (reduction) into communities, campuses, enterprises and villages", the grass-roots community residents, the majority of primary and secondary school students, enterprise employees, the vast rural areas, especially farmers in remote areas and socially disadvantaged groups will enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and reduction, master the basic skills of disaster avoidance, self-help and mutual rescue, and achieve the goal of disaster reduction. Disaster prevention and mitigation needs to start with dolls and incorporate disaster and disaster emergency knowledge into the teaching content of primary and secondary schools.

Relevant departments should prepare brochures and publicity materials for natural disaster prevention, widely publicize and popularize disaster knowledge, emergency management knowledge, disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge, and improve grassroots people's ability to participate in emergency management and self-help. The public should fully understand the important role of disaster early warning information, understand the meaning of all kinds of early warning information, and take active and effective countermeasures according to different early warning information and different early warning levels when receiving disaster early warning information.

It is necessary to establish a wide and smooth channel for early warning information release. Early warning information is released through radio, telephone, short message, block display screen and Internet, and important early warning information can be immediately inserted in TV programs.

Relevant departments can ensure that disaster warning information reaches effective users within effective time, so that they have the opportunity to take effective defensive measures to reduce casualties and property losses. In recent years, in the major meteorological early warning information service, meteorological departments presented meteorological information to relevant departments of * * * for decision-making, and at the same time broadcast meteorological early warning on TV, and released meteorological early warning information to users by using mobile phone short messages, which made grassroots cadres and masses know about the early warning situation, and solved the "last mile" problem of meteorological products from meteorological bureau to ordinary users, and achieved good results.

Strategic measure 5: Emergency mechanism, rapid response * * *, relevant departments need to establish an emergency management mechanism with "unified command, sensitive response, complete functions, orderly coordination and efficient operation". "Rapid response and coordinated response" is the core of emergency mechanism.

Disaster prevention and mitigation involves all aspects, and requires the organization and leadership of * * * and the positive response of all departments. In the emergency management of meteorological disasters, meteorological departments have strengthened horizontal linkage and close cooperation with news, water conservancy, civil affairs, safety supervision, ocean, agriculture, forestry, environment and other departments, established an emergency linkage mechanism, and incorporated meteorological work into public service systems at all levels.

It is necessary to strengthen the construction of emergency teams based on territorial management, establish a linkage and coordination system, fully mobilize and give play to the role of towns, communities, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and volunteer teams, and rely on public forces to form a standardized and efficient disaster management workflow. Strategic measure 6: Classified disaster prevention, aiming at the offline.

4. Knowledge of natural disasters

earthquake

Hail/View /8582

Tsunami/View /9425

Hurricane/View /7004

Tornado/Angle of View /3945

Debris flow/review /7 135

5. How to face natural disasters

2008 is an extraordinary year for every citizen of China. Snowstorms and earthquakes have brought us too much loss and regret. This shows that China is one of the main climate fragile areas in the world, with frequent natural disasters, wide distribution and great losses, and it is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. Natural disasters not only directly endanger people's lives, but also have a great impact on the development of the national economy. Since we can't control natural disasters, we should pay attention to disaster prevention and mitigation, and improve our self-protection and viability. Natural disasters mainly include floods and droughts, meteorological disasters, earthquake disasters, geological disasters, marine disasters, biological disasters and forest and grassland fires. These disasters may happen at any time, so if we want to respond scientifically and actively defend, we must adhere to the road of sustainable development in which man and nature live in harmony. We must protect the natural environment from the strategic height of sustainable development. Strengthen ecological construction and save resources and energy. We should respect the laws of nature and adjust the industrial layout, especially those projects that have a great impact on the natural environment. For example, if you are crushed under the rubble in an earthquake, don't move blindly. At this time, you should be calm. Take out your hands first, move the ruins slowly, keep breathing smoothly first, then try to breathe and call someone to save you. If you are at home during the earthquake, you must immediately get into a hard room that has not collapsed, stick it on a solid wall or squat at the door, and survive after the house collapses to avoid injury. If you are at school, you must obey the teacher's instructions, hide under the desk and pay attention to protecting your head. If you are going to physical education class, avoid tall buildings and don't get hurt. Usually, you should also look at the knowledge of first aid and know what to do in case of natural disasters. Don't do what? Many natural disasters are man's own masterpieces. Therefore, we should have knowledge in this field, and don't hurt ourselves. Not only natural disasters, but also man-made disasters, such as fires, mudslides and soil erosion. It's all because human beings cut down trees and caused unnecessary losses. Therefore, we should do the following: 1. Protect forests, protect water and soil. 2. Reduce automobile exhaust. 3. Be careful with fire. Don't throw cigarette butts about. Fourth, learn more about earthquake prevention and disaster prevention knowledge and have a sense of prevention. Fifth, save water and cherish every drop of water. If we do these things well, we can not only reduce the occurrence of disasters, but also save many lives when disasters occur. Protecting our home and the earth means protecting ourselves. Let's take action to prevent and reduce disasters and improve our self-protection and viability.

6. What are the common sense of escape from natural disasters such as floods and mudslides?

I. Disaster Precursors Some signs and symptoms before disasters can be collectively referred to as disaster precursors.

According to the perceptual sources of disaster precursors, they can generally be divided into two categories, one is precursors that can be directly detected by human sensory organs, and the other is precursors that cannot be directly detected by human sensory organs and need to be detected by instruments. (1) Earthquake Disasters Before the earthquake, especially before the strong earthquake, there were some abnormal phenomena in the metropolis.

A common feature of earthquake precursors is that they all show some sudden changes in nature related to the occurrence of earthquakes, which is an early warning signal of nature before earthquakes. Before every major earthquake, there are some abnormal phenomena, such as well water turbidity, bubbling, flowering, fever, discoloration, bad taste, steep rise and fall; Spring water suddenly dries up or gushes out; The abnormal reaction of animal habits, most animals have panic reaction before the earthquake, such as being extremely nervous when they are hurt by the enemy, and a few show inhibition and depression; Earth sound, earth light, fireball; Macroscopic precursor phenomena, such as abnormal flowering and fruiting of plants.

At the same time, there may be ground tilt, expansion, sea level rise and fall, etc. , reflecting the changes of geophysical phenomena, such as geomagnetism, geoelectricity, ground temperature, electromagnetic waves, gravity, radon in water and water quality composition. Once these impending earthquake anomalies occur, measures should be taken as far as possible to avoid risks and increase the probability of avoiding disasters.

In addition, special attention should be paid to the possibility of strong aftershocks in the short term after a strong destructive earthquake, which will cause buildings that have been damaged to varying degrees to collapse again. (2) Tornado disasters Tornado clouds have the general characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds, and there will be black cirrus clouds at the bottom of the clouds. When the funnel cloud is stretched at the bottom of the cloud, a tornado may appear.

At home, be sure to stay away from doors, windows and external walls of houses, and hide in the wall or small room opposite the tornado. The safest place to avoid tornadoes is the basement or semi-basement; In case of emergency such as pole collapse and house collapse, the power supply should be cut off in time to prevent electric shock or fire. When there is a tornado outside the venue, you should look for low-lying land nearby, but stay away from trees and telephone poles to avoid being smashed, crushed and electrocuted; When the car encounters a tornado when going out, don't drive to avoid it, and don't avoid it in the car, because the car has almost no defense ability against tornadoes. Leave the car immediately and take shelter in low-lying areas.

(3) Debris flow disaster can not only estimate the possibility of debris flow according to the local rainfall, but also judge the occurrence of debris flow through some unique phenomena, so as to take quick and correct self-help methods. When it is found that the normal flow of river (ditch) bed suddenly stops or the flood suddenly increases with the increase of firewood trees, it can be confirmed that debris flow has formed in the upper reaches of the river (ditch).

Listen carefully to see if there is a roar like a train or a muffled thunder coming from a deep valley or ditch. If you hear this sound, even if it is extremely weak, you should assume that a mudslide is forming, and you must leave the dangerous area quickly at this time. The depth of the valley darkens, accompanied by roar or slight vibration, indicating that debris flow has occurred in the upper reaches of the valley.

(4) Lightning disaster Lightning stroke is a strong discharge phenomenon caused by thunderstorm clouds. The voltage is as high as 654.38+billion to 654.38+billion volts, and the current reaches tens of thousands of amperes. At the same time, it releases a lot of heat energy, and the instantaneous temperature can reach above 654.38+0 million degrees Celsius. Its energy can destroy high-rise buildings, split trees and hurt people and animals.

Try not to walk in the wild in thunderstorm weather. When going out, wear a raincoat made of plastic that is not wet. Don't ride livestock or bicycles. Don't use umbrellas with metal poles, and don't carry tools with metal poles such as shovels and hoes on your shoulders. Stay away from the lightning rod and its grounding downlead of the building to prevent lightning strike back and step voltage from hurting people.

Stay away from various antennas, telephone poles, iron towers, chimneys and flagpoles. If possible, you should enter buildings with lightning protection facilities or cars and ships with metal shells. Caravans, tractors and motorcycles with canvas are more dangerous during thunderstorms, so stay away as soon as possible. Try to stay away from hills, beaches, rivers and ponds, isolated trees and isolated buildings without lightning protection devices. It is also dangerous near iron fences, barbed wire and metal clotheslines.

If you stay indoors in thunderstorm weather, be sure to close the doors and windows to prevent spherical lightning from entering the room and causing harm; The outdoor antenna of that television is separate from the television and connected with the ground wire; Try to stop using electrical appliances and unplug the power supply; No phone calls and cell phones; Stay away from indoor metal equipment (such as radiators, water pipes and sewer pipes); Stay away from the wet wall.

7. Knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation

Original publisher: XX demon

To prevent and reduce disasters, we must protect the lives of small intellectuals and remember ten rules. Once a disaster occurs, it should be applied in time. 1. Earthquake: In case of earthquake, take shelter first, find a gap under the desk, bend down against the corner, seize the opportunity to escape, and stay away from all buildings. Aftershocks crouch in the open space. 2, fire: fire, fear of smoke, nose and mouth covered with a wet towel, body fire rolling, do not take the elevator down, balcony sliding rope, blindly jumping off the building will be injured. 3. Flood: The flood is fierce, the height is high, the earth roof can't stay, the bed and table are tied with rafts, the trees can be tied with lifeline, food flashlights are prepared, and warm clothes are worn to avoid danger. 4. Typhoon: When the typhoon comes, listen to the forecast, strengthen the dam and waterway, repair the gas path, make the temporary building strong and firm, and the ship will anchor deeply when entering the port, reducing the journey. 5. Debris flow: rainstorm, debris flow, dangerous places are downstream, escape from the bottom of the ditch, climb up the mountain quickly, camp in the wild without choosing the ditch, and enter the mountain depending on the climate. 6. Thunder and lightning: In rainy days, thunder and lightning are mixed. Don't stand under the tree to avoid the rain. The poles of the tower should be far away. When it thunders, it is also necessary to prevent problems at home. Close the doors and windows to cut off the power supply and avoid the room where the lightning is on fire. 7. Blizzard: On a blizzard day, people jog, don't stop with their backs to the wind, and their bodies are unconscious with cold. Never bake with fire, wash blood circulation with ice and snow, and warm up slowly. 8. Tornado: Tornado, strong storm, once in the cellar, avoid leaving doors and windows indoors, turn off all power and water sources, and lie outdoors in low-lying areas, which makes the car unreliable. 9. Epidemic situation: Be careful about the epidemic situation, don't be careless and prevent infection. When patients are found, they should be isolated, ventilated and disinfected. As soon as they enter the infected place, they should seek medical treatment and seldom go to public places. 10, chemical protection: chemicals are dangerous, so don't pick up waste materials to prevent fireworks from burning toxic gases, call the police to explain the accident point, don't look at transportation leakage, and people should stay away from the limelight. Human life is more important than mountains. Take precautions, nip in the bud. Master skills and practice frequently. Best wishes.

8. Who knows some first aid knowledge of natural disasters?

Strategic measures 1: Make plans and be ready at all times. Through the formulation and drills of national, provincial, municipal, district, enterprises and institutions, communities, schools and other emergency plans. Form an orderly and prepared disaster prevention and mitigation situation.

The emergency plan shall include the emergency organization system and responsibilities of natural disasters, forecasting and early warning, information reporting, emergency response, emergency disposal, emergency support, investigation and evaluation, etc. And form a set of work operation mechanism including before, during and after. We should not put the plan on the shelf, but let the masses and disaster managers master the plan skillfully through training and plan drills, and constantly improve the plan in practice.

Be prepared for danger in times of peace, and give priority to prevention. It is necessary to enhance the sense of hardship, persevere and prevent problems before they happen.

Adhere to the combination of prevention and emergency, and the combination of normality and abnormality. * * * Communities should be encouraged to formulate emergency preparedness plans, carry out disaster relief drills, equip with special communication equipment, replace common communication methods in case of emergency, and ensure necessary emergency materials and facilities.

Actively prepare for emergencies in terms of equipment, technology and personnel. Strategic Measure 2: People-oriented, disaster avoidance and mitigation are people-oriented, and ensuring the safety of public life and property is the primary task of disaster prevention and mitigation, so as to minimize the casualties caused by natural disasters and the harm to social and economic development.

In the face of natural disasters, scientific defense, from early blind disaster resistance to active disaster avoidance in recent years, embodies the Scientific Outlook on Development of disaster prevention and mitigation. Strategic measure 3: Monitoring and early warning, relying on science and technology to adhere to the basic principle of "prevention first" in disaster prevention and mitigation, putting disaster monitoring, forecasting and early warning in a very prominent position, and attaching great importance to and doing a good job in publishing early warning information for the whole society, including the socially disadvantaged groups.

Meteorological disaster is a sudden public event with long warning time and high forecasting accuracy. Strengthening the short-term and imminent forecast of disastrous weather, strengthening the production of early warning signals of sudden meteorological disasters and strengthening the release of meteorological early warning information are important scientific and technological guarantees for improving the level of disaster prevention and mitigation. We should rely on science and technology to improve the comprehensive quality of disaster prevention and reduction.

By strengthening scientific research and technological development in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation, adopting and popularizing advanced monitoring, forecasting, early warning, prevention and emergency treatment technologies and facilities, giving full play to the role of experts and professionals, and improving the scientific and technological level of responding to natural disasters. The practice of defending against typhoon in 2005 fully embodies the important role of modern meteorological technology in defending against Taiwan and Taiwan.

Modern detection methods such as new generation weather radar, automatic weather station, mobile weather station and meteorological satellite have improved the ability to monitor the latest trends of typhoons in real time; Numerical forecast products provide a reference for accurately forecasting the future path of typhoons, which makes forecasters more confident and confident in forecasting severe weather such as typhoons, and provides a scientific basis for accurate and advanced forecasting; Key forecasters play an important role in typhoon forecasting service. Strategic measure four: awareness of disaster prevention, and popularizing the public is the main body of disaster prevention.

To strengthen the sense of hardship, nip in the bud, and prevent and reduce disasters, it is necessary for the general public to widely enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and understand and master the knowledge of disaster avoidance. When natural disasters occur, ordinary people can know how to deal with the disaster, how to protect themselves and help others.

* * * Social organizations shall organize and publicize disaster knowledge and train disaster professionals or volunteers. Relevant departments widely publicize the common sense of disaster reduction through books, newspapers, audio-visual products and electronic publications, radio, television and the Internet, so as to enhance the public's sense of urgency, social responsibility and self-help and mutual assistance.

Through the action of "disaster prevention (reduction) into communities, campuses, enterprises and villages", the grass-roots community residents, the majority of primary and secondary school students, enterprise employees, the vast rural areas, especially farmers in remote areas and socially disadvantaged groups will enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and reduction, master the basic skills of disaster avoidance, self-help and mutual rescue, and achieve the goal of disaster reduction. Disaster prevention and mitigation needs to start with dolls and incorporate disaster and disaster emergency knowledge into the teaching content of primary and secondary schools.

Relevant departments should prepare brochures and publicity materials for natural disaster prevention, widely publicize and popularize disaster knowledge, emergency management knowledge, disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge, and improve grassroots people's ability to participate in emergency management and self-help. The public should fully understand the important role of disaster early warning information, understand the meaning of all kinds of early warning information, and take active and effective countermeasures according to different early warning information and different early warning levels when receiving disaster early warning information.

It is necessary to establish a wide and smooth channel for early warning information release. Early warning information is released through radio, telephone, short message, block display screen and Internet, and important early warning information can be immediately inserted in TV programs.

Relevant departments can ensure that disaster warning information reaches effective users within effective time, so that they have the opportunity to take effective defensive measures to reduce casualties and property losses. In recent years, in the major meteorological early warning information service, meteorological departments presented meteorological information to relevant departments of * * * for decision-making, and at the same time broadcast meteorological early warning on TV, and released meteorological early warning information to users by using mobile phone short messages, which made grassroots cadres and masses know about the early warning situation, and solved the "last mile" problem of meteorological products from meteorological bureau to ordinary users, and achieved good results.

Strategic measure 5: Emergency mechanism, rapid response * * *, relevant departments need to establish an emergency management mechanism with "unified command, sensitive response, complete functions, orderly coordination and efficient operation". "Rapid response and coordinated response" is the core of emergency mechanism.

Disaster prevention and mitigation involves all aspects, and requires the organization and leadership of * * * and the positive response of all departments. In the emergency management of meteorological disasters, meteorological departments have strengthened horizontal linkage and close cooperation with news, water conservancy, civil affairs, safety supervision, ocean, agriculture, forestry, environment and other departments, established an emergency linkage mechanism, and incorporated meteorological work into public service systems at all levels.

It is necessary to strengthen the construction of emergency teams based on territorial management, establish a linkage and coordination system, fully mobilize and give play to the role of towns, communities, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and volunteer teams, and rely on public forces to form a standardized and efficient disaster management workflow. Strategic measure 6: Classified disaster prevention, aiming at the offline.