Influenza A H 1N 1 Vaccination knowledge

1. Why do people in China need to get influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

At present, the global epidemic of influenza A (H 1N 1) continues unabated. At present, the northern hemisphere has entered autumn, and the epidemic situation is on the rise rapidly.

From the mainland of China, there have been some new changes in the epidemic recently. The epidemic spread from coastal areas to the whole country, from cities to rural areas, from imported to local areas, from sporadic cases to aggregated epidemics. At present, 3 1 province in the mainland has found the epidemic situation, and the number of reported cases is increasing every day. Recently, serious cases have appeared one after another. With the further expansion of the epidemic, more severe cases and even some deaths will be inevitable. Vaccination is one of the effective means to prevent the epidemic of influenza A (H 1N 1). According to the opinion of the World Health Organization, everyone should be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1.

2. What is the safety and effectiveness of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 developed in China?

The domestic influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 is made by inoculating chicken embryos with influenza A virus strain H 1N 1 recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), then culturing the virus, harvesting virus liquid, inactivating the virus, concentrating, purifying and cracking. 10 vaccine production enterprises were launched in 7 provinces, and 13000 volunteers were vaccinated.

According to the serological results of the first dose of vaccine 2 1 day, the serological effect and safety of the vaccine reached the standards of WHO and EU. Inoculation 15 & trace; The positive conversion rate and protection rate of g/0.5mL adjuvant-free vaccine are above 85%.

The common adverse reactions are mainly local pain and redness, and the systemic adverse reactions are mild fever and headache, which are basically the same as seasonal influenza vaccine, and no rare adverse reactions are found.

Comprehensive analysis of various factors, choose15&; Microscopic; G/0.5mL split adjuvant-free vaccine was inoculated once.

3. How to vaccinate influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine in China?

Vaccination with vaccine A (H 1N 1) can stimulate the body to produce antibodies against influenza A (H 1N 1), which can be used for immune prevention of influenza epidemic caused by this virus.

Inoculation dose/dose: 15μg/0.5ml, 1 dose. Inoculation site: deltoid muscle of lateral upper arm. Inoculation route: intramuscular injection. Influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 should be stored and transported in the dark at 2 ~ 8℃ to prevent freezing.

Vaccination with H 1N 1 vaccine has no preventive effect on other influenza. Vaccination of seasonal influenza vaccine has no preventive effect on influenza A (H 1N 1).

The Ministry of Health requires that, under the premise of ensuring safety, vaccination should be actively, steadily and orderly carried out in accordance with the principles of informed consent and voluntary free vaccination. Before vaccination, vaccinators should carefully check children's vaccination certificates and cards, check the name, sex, date of birth and vaccination records of the recipients, and confirm whether they are the recipients and the varieties vaccinated. If it is found that the name and date of birth of the subject in the original record are wrong, it shall be corrected in time; Those who do not belong to this seed should be persuaded and explained clearly to the parents or guardians of the children. At the same time, it should also inform the recipient or his guardian of the variety, function, contraindications, adverse reactions and precautions of the vaccine, ask the health status of the recipient and whether there are any contraindications to vaccination, and truthfully record the notification and inquiry.

Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels are responsible for organizing the implementation of vaccination. Inoculation units should strictly follow the requirements of the Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Storage and Transportation, do a good job in cold chain storage and transportation of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 storage, transportation and use, and do a good job in temperature monitoring.

4. Can influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 and seasonal influenza vaccine be vaccinated at the same time?

WHO and the American Advisory Committee on Immunization (ACIP) believe that influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 and seasonal influenza vaccine can be vaccinated at the same time, and vaccination should be carried out in different parts. However, because there is no clinical trial data of the two vaccines at home and abroad, experts suggest that if two vaccines need to be vaccinated, the interval should be at least 14 days.

5. Where can I get influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

The vaccination of influenza A (H 1N 1) shall be administered in the territory. Please consult the local health administrative departments and disease prevention and control institutions, and pay close attention to the information about the key population and vaccination sites of influenza A (H 1N 1) released by the local health administrative departments.

6. Who should be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 first?

Vaccination of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 should first ensure the maintenance of national security and stability, the normal operation of society and the normal operation of public service system, and then give consideration to all kinds of key populations, so as to reduce mortality and morbidity and reduce the harm of influenza epidemic.

The determination of the key vaccination population in China is mainly based on the epidemiological characteristics of the current epidemic situation, WHO's recommendations on the use of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1, and the production and supply capacity of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 in China. According to the progress of the epidemic and the improvement of vaccine supply capacity, China will adjust the scope of key populations in time when necessary.

At present, the key immunization groups in China include public service personnel in key positions, students and teachers, and patients with chronic diseases.

7. Who can't be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

The following people cannot be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1: those who are allergic to eggs or any other ingredients in the vaccine (including accessories, formaldehyde, lysate, etc.). ), especially ovalbumin; Suffering from acute disease, serious chronic disease, acute attack of chronic disease, cold and fever; Patients with guillain-barre syndrome; Uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive nervous system diseases; Severe allergic constitution, allergic to gentamicin sulfate; People under 3 years old; Other people that doctors think are not suitable for vaccination.

8. Can pregnant women and lactating women be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

Although both WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have listed pregnant women as high priority for vaccination, China has not yet listed pregnant women as vaccination targets. Mainly due to the lack of clinical trial data of pregnant women vaccinated with influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine, the risk of pregnant women vaccinated with influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine is uncertain, and pregnant women have always been listed as the taboo population of seasonal influenza vaccine in China. For lactating women, there is no relevant research data on whether human beings enter breast milk after vaccination, so we should fully weigh the pros and cons before deciding whether to use this product.

The Ministry of Health will pay close attention to the progress of clinical trials of vaccines at home and abroad, organize expert argumentation in a timely manner, and put forward vaccine use strategies for pregnant and lactating women.

9. Can patients with basic chronic diseases be vaccinated with influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine?

On the one hand, patients with obvious basic diseases, especially individuals with chronic diseases such as respiratory tract, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, will aggravate the original basic diseases after suffering from influenza A (H 1N 1), and the burden of disease and death is heavier, so they should be the key vaccination targets of influenza A (H 1N 1); On the other hand, people with basic diseases, such as those with severe chronic diseases or those in the acute episode of chronic diseases, should not be vaccinated. Therefore, for individuals with chronic diseases, whether they should be vaccinated should consider the severity of local influenza epidemic, the severity of illness and the risk of vaccination, and then make a decision after consulting local clinicians or vaccinators.

10, how to determine the key areas for vaccination?

In areas with severe epidemic situation, dense population and large population mobility, priority should be given to influenza A vaccine H 1N 1. The severity of the epidemic is mainly determined by the monitoring results of influenza A (H 1N 1), the number of aggregated cases and the number of patients. The key areas of vaccination around the country should be determined by the provincial health administrative department to organize experts in accordance with the above principles.

How to effectively prevent serious adverse reactions after vaccination?

Vaccination staff should vaccinate in strict accordance with the operating specifications. Before vaccination, the guardian of the recipient should be informed of the variety, function, contraindications, adverse reactions and precautions of the vaccine, and ask about the health status of the recipient; Inoculation can only be carried out after the informed consent of the object without contraindications; When inoculation, it is necessary to strictly implement the safe injection of vaccination, and observe on the spot for 30 minutes after inoculation.

In view of the abnormal reaction of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1, on the basis of routine abnormal reaction of vaccination, China has formulated and issued a special monitoring scheme, which has strengthened the adverse reaction monitoring system, the handling mechanism of vaccine adverse reaction events and the emergency stop mechanism of vaccination work.

What are the adverse reactions of influenza vaccine 12 and influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

The components of the split vaccine are not contagious and will not cause influenza A H 1N 1.

Among the following adverse reactions: "Common": refers to the incidence 1%- 10% (inclusive); "Occasionally": refers to the incidence of 0. 1%- 1% (inclusive).

Local adverse reactions: common pain; Occasionally red, swollen and itchy.

General adverse reactions: common fever, fatigue, headache, dizziness and nausea; Occasionally sore throat, muscle pain, cough, abdominal pain, joint pain, abnormal activity (decreased/increased activity), dry mouth, loss of appetite, diarrhea, allergies, chest tightness.

The above adverse reactions are mainly mild, mainly occurring within 24 hours after inoculation.

There is no information about serious adverse reactions and rare adverse reactions of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 in China and other countries. Experts speculate that the serious adverse reactions of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 should be similar to seasonal influenza vaccine.

According to the literature, rare adverse reactions may occur after vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine, such as shock, transient renal damage like vasculitis, nervous system diseases, such as encephalomyelitis, neuritis, neuralgia, paresthesia, convulsion, transient thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, etc.

13. Is there a "stop" mechanism for influenza vaccination in China?

The state has clearly established a "stop" mechanism for influenza A vaccination. If any of the following circumstances is found, the county-level disease prevention and control institution shall report to the health administrative department at the same level, and the county-level health administrative department shall immediately notify the county-level food and drug supervision institution, make a decision to suspend the relevant vaccination, and report to the health administrative department at a higher level:

—— The incidence of suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination is higher than expected or shows obvious clustering distribution;

Guillain-Barre syndrome and other serious nervous system diseases;

-Serious incidents such as death and disability occur;

-Group reactions or events that have a significant impact on society.

The municipal health administrative department shall immediately organize an expert group composed of experts in the fields of epidemiology, immunization planning, adverse drug reaction monitoring, clinical and so on to investigate and demonstrate the data related to the suspected adverse reaction of vaccination reported by the health administrative department at the county level. If the problem of vaccine quality cannot be ruled out, or the incidence of abnormal reactions is obviously higher than expected, or it is impossible to draw a conclusion, it shall put forward a proposal to stop vaccination to the provincial health administrative department and notify the food and drug supervision department at the same level. For those who are identified as vaccination implementation errors, coupling diseases or psychogenic reactions, the suspension should be cancelled in time and properly handled.

The provincial health administrative department shall organize a provincial expert group to investigate and demonstrate the materials submitted by the municipal health administrative department, and make a decision to stop vaccination or cancel the suspension of vaccination. The results should be reported to the Ministry of Health in time and notified to the State Food and Drug Administration. The Ministry of Health will inform the whole country of the suspension of vaccination as appropriate, and organize experts to provide technical support for the investigation and handling work in various places.

14. Are there any other flu prevention and control measures besides vaccination?

At present, the prevention and control measures for influenza A (H 1N 1) in China are still comprehensive measures. The implementation strategy is: "strengthen preventive measures, strictly control community transmission, strengthen severe treatment, and reduce the harm of epidemic situation." Vaccination is only an important aspect of preventive measures. It is still very important to strengthen epidemic monitoring, medical treatment and epidemic prevention and control in schools and other collective units. For the masses, effective measures such as reducing or avoiding crowded public places, wearing masks in public places, paying attention to indoor window ventilation, washing hands frequently and paying attention to personal hygiene should still be adhered to.

15, what are the types of influenza A vaccines in China?

China is the first country in the world to approve the marketing of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1. At present, the influenza A vaccine (H 1N 1) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration is an adjuvant-free 15 μ g split vaccine in the form of injection. Up to now, the vaccines approved for marketing are produced by the following eight enterprises: Beijing Kexing Biological Products Co., Ltd., Hualan Biological Vaccine Co., Ltd., Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Shen Yan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tianyuan Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun Biological Products Research Institute, etc. Domestic influenza A vaccine (H 1N 1) adopts influenza A virus strain recommended by the World Health Organization (H 1N 1). The production process of the vaccine is basically the same as that of seasonal influenza vaccine in previous years, which requires chicken embryo culture, virus inactivation, purification and cracking.

Can I buy 16 and type A H 1N 1 flu vaccine to take away?

You can't.

According to the needs of controlling the epidemic situation of influenza A (H 1N 1) in China, the vaccine of influenza A (H 1N 1) is purchased by the government and deployed by the state, giving priority to key populations, and individuals cannot buy it themselves.

The recipient shall be inoculated in the inoculation unit approved by the administrative department of health. According to the requirements of the "Code of Practice for Vaccination", the recipients should observe in the inoculation unit for 30 minutes after inoculation. Once the subject has a suspicious adverse reaction, it can be dealt with quickly and effectively; Because the vaccine needs to be stored at 2-8℃, it is easy to reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine after heating and form invalid inoculation.

17, can children under 3 years old be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine?

Not at present. Influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 approved by the State Medical and Drug Administration is suitable for people over 3 years old. The clinical trials of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 in China are only conducted among people over 3 years old. At present, there is no data on the safety and effectiveness of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 for children under 3 years old.

What is the difference between influenza vaccine 18 and influenza vaccine A (H 1N 1) and seasonal influenza vaccine in injection site and method?

The injection site and method of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 are the same as seasonal influenza vaccine, and they are all injected into the deltoid muscle of the lateral upper arm. For details, please refer to the manufacturer's H 1N 1 and the instruction manual for seasonal influenza vaccine.

19. Where do people who go abroad get influenza A vaccine?

At present, there is no special inoculation point for people who go abroad. In China, the key populations vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 are mainly public service personnel in key positions, students and teachers, and patients with chronic diseases. Overseas personnel who belong to the above-mentioned key groups shall be vaccinated in the standardized vaccination unit according to the arrangement of the provincial health administrative department.

According to the International Health Regulations and China's Frontier Health and Quarantine Law, people going abroad need to be vaccinated or take preventive drugs in areas where infectious diseases are prevalent abroad. At present, influenza A (H 1N 1) is prevalent all over the world, but the vaccine of influenza A (H 1N 1) does not belong to the vaccine required by the International Health Regulations.

20. Is influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 given to kindergarten children? Free or at your own expense?

At this stage, the influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 is purchased by the government and will not be vaccinated at its own expense for the time being. Whether to vaccinate kindergarten children will be decided by the provincial health administrative department considering the epidemic situation, vaccine supply, children's age (children over 3 years old can be vaccinated) and other factors.

2 1. Can state organs, foreign enterprises and other units purchase influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 for collective vaccination?

At present, the vaccination strategy of influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine in China is to give priority to public service personnel, students and teachers in key positions, patients with chronic diseases and other key groups. No matter what unit or department staff, as long as they belong to the key vaccination population, the provincial health department will vaccinate them in a planned way according to the needs of epidemic control.

22. Can patients with nephrotic syndrome be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

Contraindications of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 are acute diseases, severe chronic diseases and acute attack of chronic diseases, so patients with nephrotic syndrome in acute attack or severe degree should be prohibited from vaccination. Minor cases should be carefully decided under the guidance of clinicians.

23. If you are allergic to seasonal influenza vaccine, can you get influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

I can't. The production process of common seasonal influenza vaccine is basically the same as that of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1, so people who are allergic to common seasonal influenza vaccine cannot be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1.

Because the process of preparing seasonal influenza vaccine and influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 requires chicken embryo culture, inactivation, cracking and purification, there are bound to be trace amounts of ovalbumin, formaldehyde, cracking agent and other substances in the vaccine, so people who are allergic to any components of the vaccine should not be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1.

24. I have an allergic history in the past. Can I get influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

Those who have a history of severe allergy such as egg allergy and vaccination allergy are forbidden to be vaccinated with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1. People with other allergies should carefully decide whether to vaccinate influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 under the guidance of clinicians. Before vaccination, the recipient should inform the vaccination doctor of his health status and allergic history.

25. I have a history of convulsions in the past. Can I get influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

Convulsion is a common emergency in children and can be divided into febrile convulsion and febrile convulsion. If it is febrile convulsion and it is not in the acute stage, influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 can be inoculated under the guidance of a clinician. If it is febrile convulsion, it should be clear whether it is related to nervous system diseases after seeing a doctor. For example, people related to nervous system diseases cannot be vaccinated with influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine.

26. Can the staff of medical waste treatment units give priority to influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

The personnel of medical waste disposal units do not belong to the priority population of influenza A vaccine H 1N 1, and the specific population is determined by the provincial health administrative department.

Besides vaccination, other protective measures can be taken to prevent influenza A (H 1N 1). For example, wash your hands often with soap and water; Wear a mask; It is best to rest at home after being infected with virus A (H 1N 1) to avoid infecting others. When coughing and runny nose, pay attention to cover your nose and mouth with paper towels and throw the contaminated paper towels into the trash can. If you don't have a tissue, cover it with an arm sleeve.

27. Can private clinics be vaccinated against influenza A?

Private clinics wishing to carry out influenza A vaccination services must obtain the approval of the health administrative department at or above the county level.

According to the regulations, vaccination should be carried out in the vaccination unit. The inoculation entity shall be designated by the health administrative department at or above the county level, and shall have the practice license of medical institutions. Vaccination personnel are medical practitioners, assistant medical practitioners, nurses or rural doctors who have passed the professional training and assessment of vaccination, and have refrigeration facilities and equipment that meet the management standards for vaccine storage and transportation.

28. Is seasonal influenza vaccination effective in preventing influenza A (H 1N 1)?

At present, there is no literature to prove that seasonal influenza vaccine can prevent influenza A (H 1N 1).

Influenza A virus H 1N 1, which was prevalent in 2009, is a brand-new virus, and people are generally susceptible. Seasonal influenza vaccine and influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 use different virus strains, and there is no research to prove that there is cross-prevention between the two vaccines. It is suggested that seasonal influenza vaccine should be inoculated in addition to influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine.

29. Is pneumonia vaccine effective in preventing influenza A (H 1N 1)?

Vaccination with pneumonia vaccine could not prevent influenza A (H 1N 1).

The main component of pneumonia vaccine is purified pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide. Inoculation of pneumonia vaccine can only prevent the infection caused by pneumococcus, but not the influenza caused by influenza A virus H 1N 1.

However, because patients with severe influenza can be complicated with pulmonary infection, pneumonia vaccine inoculation can reduce the incidence of complicated pulmonary infection. Before the influenza epidemic season, it is recommended to vaccinate pneumonia vaccine.

30. How long should the interval between influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 and rabies vaccine be? Is there a sequence?

After being bitten by dogs, cats and other animals, you should be vaccinated against rabies immediately.

If influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 is needed, it should be at least 14 days after the whole vaccination of rabies vaccine is completed. Those who are bitten by dogs, cats and other animals after vaccination with influenza A H 1N 1 vaccine should also be vaccinated with rabies vaccine immediately.

3 1. If you plan to vaccinate seasonal influenza vaccine, influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 and pneumonia vaccine, how should you vaccinate?

At present, seasonal influenza vaccine, influenza A vaccine H 1N 1 and pneumonia vaccine are inactivated vaccines, which will not interfere with the immune response or increase the incidence of side effects, but it is not recommended to vaccinate the three vaccines at the same time. If you vaccinate any two vaccines at the same time, you should choose different parts. If the two vaccines cannot be vaccinated at the same time, the interval should be at least 14 days.

32. What are the precautions for vaccination with influenza A vaccine H 1N 1?

Do not take a bath on the day of inoculation, do not exercise vigorously, drink plenty of water, eat more fruits and a light diet, and avoid spicy food.