Schematic diagram of the relationship among cells, nuclei, chromosomes, DNA and protein.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 1 illustrates the relationship among cells, nuclei, chromosomes, DNA and genes.

The nucleus is located in the cell. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is wrapped by the nuclear membrane and separated from the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, however, there is no nuclear membrane, and the region where the nucleus exists is called quasi-nuclear region;

Chromosomes exist in the nucleus (or pseudonuclear region);

DNA and some protein form chromosomes together;

Genes refer to DNA fragments that carry genetic information;

[Mark in the map]

Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between Ping DNA and protein (not very rigorous, but helpful to understand).

At the mitotic stage, DNA strands on chromosomes are transcribed to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) with codons [red curve in the figure], and the mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm, and the codons are translated by ribosomes to produce various protein [green balls in the figure] (prokaryotes can translate while transcribing without transferring). Various treatment and control processes between them are not listed.

I hope it helps.

The picture comes from the internet.