About transmitting information to the computer through GPRS?

The external interface of gprs module is generally uart, which supports standard AT instructions (of course, each module will have its own extended AT instructions), and sends AT instructions through the host serial port to control various communication behaviors of the module (this part is actually serial programming).

Some modules are embedded in TCP/IP protocol stack, while others are not.

For those embedded with TCP/IP protocol, gprs connection can be established completely through AT instruction, and then gprs communication can be realized through gprs-related AT instruction (or serial programming), and network connection is established by TCP/IP protocol embedded in the module. All you're facing is instructions.

For modules without embedded TCP/IP protocol, AT command is usually used to dial first. After establishing gprs connection, you should provide soket programming interface to developers through ppp protocol and higher-level network protocol, so that the network communication you face is based on soket.