What does it mean when this endless sadness lasts forever?

"And this endless sorrow will last forever" means that this regret of life and death will never end.

-From where?

Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow in Tang Dynasty

-Original works

The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it.

Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.

However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day.

If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.

It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin.

Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.

On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.

But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.

He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night.

There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.

The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly.

Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family.

When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire.

... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.

Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes can never stare at her.

Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes.

The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses.

The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.

People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths.

The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.

The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.

Hidden in the yellow dust from the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack of the steeple path.

Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun.

But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.

He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest.

Heaven and earth in last contact, the dragon car comes home, and the emperor never leaves. (The earth starts to move: it starts during the day)

The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? .

Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.

Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow.

But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? ?

Peach and plum trees are in bloom. In the spring wind, after the autumn rain, the leaves fall to the ground. (Flowering in the daytime: Flowering at night)

The palaces in the west and south are scattered with evening grass, and the steps are piled with red leaves that are not swept. (Nannei Zuo Yi: Nanyuan)

Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. .

Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..

Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear.

And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning cream, and the jade is cold. Who's with * * *?

The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream.

There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.

People were moved by the emperor's constant meditation, and they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.

He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.

Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places.

Then he heard a story about a magical island at sea, which is part of the invisible world.

There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth.

And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.

So he went to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate, and asked a girl named Small jade to tell Shuang Perfect.

This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.

She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen.

Because she left in such a hurry, her muddy hair ornaments hung aside, and when she came along the platform, her flowered hat was loose. (Yunbinyi: Ji Yun)

The wind blew the fairy's robe, as if she were dancing in a rainbow skirt and feather coat. (Gone with the wind: fluttering)

Tears rolled down her sad and pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers. (Lan Tong: column)

But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her.

Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.

But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust.

He expressed his love for the old man and sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin through his special envoy.

However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken.

But your heart is as strong as gold. Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will. (Dan Ling Zuo Yi: Dan Jiao)

She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath.

On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.

We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..

The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.

-translation of works.

Tang Xuanzong loved women and was always looking for beautiful women. He has ruled this country for many years, and he can't find a satisfactory one.

The Yang family has a daughter who has just grown up and is kept in a boudoir. Outsiders don't know that she is absolutely beautiful.

Natural beauty made it difficult for her to be buried in the world, and soon she became a concubine around Tang.

Looking back, she smiled so charming that all the other concubines in the palace were eclipsed.

In the cold spring, the emperor bathed her in Huaqing Pool, and the warm spring water washed her white and moist skin.

The maid-in-waiting helped her to be tender and graceful, and began to get the emperor's favor.

The sideburns are like clouds, and the face is like a flower head, warming the lotus curtain and the emperor's spring night.

I only hate that I slept for a short time in the spring night until the sun rose high, and the king never went to court earlier.

Thanks to the favor of the emperor, I am too busy to have a moment's leisure. Go out with the emperor in spring and spoil him every night.

There are many beautiful women in the harem, but only she enjoys the favor of the emperor.

The Golden Temple dresses up, coquetry leaves the king every night, and the Jade Building drinks and feasts, adding a bit of charm.

Brothers and sisters are all proud of her, and Yang's brilliance is enviable and yearning.

Therefore, parents all over the world have changed their ideas and become more concerned about giving birth to girls than boys.

In the Huaqing Palace in Mount Li, the Jade Qionglou towers into the sky, and the cool breeze of Yue Xian floats in all directions.

It is more vivid to dance in harmony with orchestral melody, but the king never tires of watching it all day.

The drums of Yuyang chaos were deafening, and the colorful feathers stopped playing in the palace.

There was a war in Jiuchongmen, the capital, and the king fled to the southwest as soon as possible with his ministers and beauties.

The emperor's guard of honor stopped and walked to Maweipo, which is more than 0/00 miles away from Chang 'an/KLOC.

The body-guard stopped, demanding the execution of Yang Guifei, and had to kill Yang Yuhuan at the foot of Mawei Slope.

The ornaments on the head of the imperial concubine were discarded on the ground, and precious headdresses such as broom, hairpin and Hosta were one by one.

The emperor couldn't hide his face and cried when he tried to save him. Looking back, I saw the scene of the tragic death of the imperial concubine, and the blood and tears could not stop flowing.

The wind blew up the yellow dust, which was particularly bleak. The team crossed the plank road and set foot on the Jiange ancient road.

There are few pedestrians under Mount Emei, the standard is colorless, and the sun and the moon are dull.

The beautiful scenery of Shu attracted the king's love.

I feel sad when I see the moonlight in the palace, and my heart breaks when I hear the bell at night.

When the situation improved, the emperor returned to Chang 'an and passed Maweipo, thinking about things and people.

In the desolate yellow tomb under Mawei slope, the beautiful scenery has disappeared, only the tomb lies in the mountain.

The monarch and his subjects looked after each other with tears in their wet clothes, but they looked at each other unintentionally and sent them back to Beijing.

When I came back, I saw that Chi Yuan's place was still there, and the hibiscus by Grandfather's pool was still a weeping willow in Weiyang Palace.

Furong's face is like Yuhuan, and Liu Yeer's eyebrows are like Yuhuan. How can I not shed tears?

It is sad that the spring breeze blows away the flowers of peaches and plums, and the scene of autumn rain dripping on the leaves of buttonwood is even more terrible.

Xingqing Palace and Ganlu Hall are covered with autumn grass and fallen leaves, which have not been cleaned for a long time.

The hair of the singers and dancers in the pear garden is white, and the beauty of the maids in the pepper room has faded.

At night, fireflies danced in the palace, and Xuanzong quietly missed the imperial concubine, but the lights were still hard to sleep.

The slower the bell and drum sound, the longer the night, and the milky way will light up during the day.

Who sleeps with the king in a cold jade quilt?

Yin and Yang are separated by one year. Why have you never appeared in my dream?

A Taoist priest came to Chang 'an from Lin Qiong. It is said that he can attract the soul of the imperial concubine with his heart.

He was moved by the feeling that the king missed the imperial concubine, so the Taoist priest tried his best to find her soul.

Walking like lightning, I search the sky and the ground.

I searched for nine days and nine places, but I still couldn't find what I could find.

I suddenly heard that there is a fairy mountain on the sea, surrounded by clouds.

The gorgeous and exquisite balcony is held up by colorful clouds, and countless fairies are light and feminine.

There is a character whose words are too real and whose skin is like snow. It seems that the king is looking for Yang Yuhuan.

The emissary came to the west of Jinque, knocked on the gate of the jade carving, and called softly, so the courtyard of Xianfu had to be notified repeatedly.

It is true that the angel of the king has arrived and woke up from the beautifully embroidered curtains.

Put on clothes, push the pillow out of bed, and the bead curtain and the silver screen are opened one after another.

I just woke up with my hair tied in a bun and came out of the hall without clothes or crowns.

The gentle fairy wind fluttered the sleeves slightly, just like the dance of the imperial concubine.

Lonely and sad, tears are always flowing on my face, just like pear flowers with rain in spring.

Gazing at the emissary of the son of heaven with emotion, I deeply thanked the king, and after a long farewell on Mawei Slope, there was no sign of him.

The marriage of Zhaoyang Temple has long been cut off, and the lonely time of Penglai Palace is still very long.

Looking at the world from fairyland, you can't see Chang 'an, where dreams linger, but only the vast dust and fog.

I can only express my affection with the keepsake of that year. You can take that box of gold hairpin to the king as a souvenir.

The gold hairpin and the cymbal box are divided equally, and the king and I each keep half.

I hope our loving hearts are as loyal and hard as Huang Jinbao's, and there will always be opportunities to meet each other in heaven and on earth.

When I left, I politely asked the messenger to send a message to the king. Only the king and I know the oath in the letter.

On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, there was no one in the middle of the night, and we vowed to each other.

In heaven, I would like to be a bird flying with me. On earth, I would like to grow branches together.

Even if it lasts forever, there will always be an end, but this life-and-death feud will never end.

-Creative background.

In the first year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 806), Bai Juyi was appointed as the county commandant (now Xi zhouzhi county). One day, my friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu and I visited Xianyou Temple near Ant, and talked about Li Longji and Yang Guifei. Wang Zhifu believes that something as outstanding as this will disappear with the passage of time if it is not polished. He encouraged Bai Juyi: "Lotte is deeper than poetry and deeper than love. How about trying to make a song? " So Bai Juyi wrote this long poem. Because the last two sentences of the long poem are "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever;" One day, both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever. "They called this poem" The Song of Eternal Sorrow ". At the same time, Chen Hong wrote a legendary novel "Song of Eternal Sorrow".

-Appreciation of works.

Song of Eternal Sorrow is a famous masterpiece in Bai Juyi's poems. Written in the first year of Yuanhe (806), the poet served as county magistrate in yi county (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). He visited Xianyou Temple with his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and wrote this poem because of the story of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. In this narrative poem, the author narrates the love tragedy of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narration and lyricism: their love was destroyed by their own rebellion, and they were endlessly eating the bitter fruit of this spirit. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to the legend of the people at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and touching story, which is described and sung in a reciprocating and touching art form. Because the stories and characters in the poem are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.

The Song of Eternal Sorrow first gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty, a moving story in the poem and a delicate and unique artistic conception. The center of the whole article is "Song of Eternal Sorrow", but the poet tries his best to write and render it with "thick ink and heavy color" as the starting point. "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset", "Don't go early", "Stay up late", "I can't get enough of it" and so on. , appear extremely happy, like a comedy. However, that kind of extreme joy is only in contrast to the endless hatred behind it. The dissoluteness of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to a love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The maker of the tragedy finally becomes the hero of the tragedy, which is a particularly tortuous part of the story and the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have to "hate" for a long time. Many people used to say that Song of Eternal Sorrow has a moral, and this poem is the moral. So, how does the poet express "long hatred"? After the death of Yang Guifei in Majipo, the poet described it very delicately, showing the inner contradictions and painful feelings of Tang Xuanzong who could not bear to give up love and wanted to save it. Because of this "blood and tears" death, there will be endless hatred. Later, the poet used a lot of pen and ink to repeatedly render Tang Xuanzong's yearning for Yang Guifei from all aspects, but the story of the poem did not stay at an emotional point, but with the gradual progress of the inner world of the characters, he perceived the constant changes of their scenery, pushed forward the time and story, and used the thoughts and feelings of the characters to develop and promote the development of the plot. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu and felt very sad. Still on the road, revisiting the old place has evoked sad memories; After returning to the palace, I experienced physical injury during the day and insomnia at night. I miss it day and night, so I hope to have a dream, but it is "the distance between life and death year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream". At this point in the poem, the "hate" of "long hate" has been written very touching, and it seems that the ending of the story is OK. But the poet's pen is curved. With the help of the colorful wings of imagination, he conceived a charming fairyland, which pushed the plot of the tragic story to a climax and made the story more tortuous, ups and downs. This turning point is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant contradiction and collision between subjective desire and objective reality, poetry vividly shows the psychology of the characters, and the story is more moving.

Song of Eternal Sorrow is a narrative poem with strong lyrical elements. The poet adopted the expressive techniques that China's traditional poems are good at telling stories and portraying characters, and harmoniously combined narrative, scenery description and lyricism, thus forming the characteristic of the poem's lyricism. Poets sometimes inject the thoughts and feelings of the characters into the scenery, and use the refraction of the scenery to contrast the mood of the characters; Sometimes we grasp the distinctive scenery and things around the characters, express their inner feelings through their feelings, and render them layer by layer, appropriately expressing the unspeakable feelings hidden in the hearts of the characters. On his way to the southwest, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was surrounded by yellow dust, plank roads and high mountains. The sun is dim, the standard is dull, and autumn scenery is desolate. This is a sad autumn scenery to set off the sad thoughts of the characters. In Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, we still can't forget ourselves. The mountains and water in Shu are beautiful, but in the lonely and sad eyes, the "green" of the mountains and the "green" of the water are also sad. The beauty of nature should be appreciated with a quiet mind, but he didn't, so he increased his inner pain. This is to write sad feelings through beautiful scenery, so that feelings are deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the bell on a rainy night are already very exciting. The poet grasped these unusual but distinctive things and brought people into the realm of sadness and heartbreak. In addition, when they see and smell, they are intertwined, which also shows the sadness and sadness of the characters in language and tone. This is another floor. Still on the road, "everything is spinning" was originally a happy thing, but the old place ended and Yu Yan disappeared, so I couldn't help crying. In the narrative, another layer of painful memories is added. After returning to Chang 'an, "ponds, gardens, palaces, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But petals are like her face, and willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? " . During the day, caused by the environment and scenery, people are associated with the scenery, and the scenery remains the same, but people are gone. I can't help bursting into tears. From the hibiscus flowers in Taiye Pool and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace, I seem to see the appearance of Yang Guifei, showing the extremely complicated and subtle inner activities of the characters. "Fireflies were flying on the throne, while he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep ... bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear. " From dusk to dawn, the focus is on the scene where you can't sleep for a long time because of emotional troubles at night. This bitter yearning is like "peaches and plums bloom and the spring breeze blows" and "after the autumn rain, the fallen leaves return to their roots". It is sad to see that the "disciples of Liyuan" and "A Jian Qing E" in those days were all white-haired and their faces were withered, which reminded us of the happy thoughts of the past. From the rambling of Huang Chen to the lush of Shushan, from rainy night in the palace to triumphant return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, we are moved by things everywhere, always thinking of people, and repeatedly rendering the protagonist's hard pursuit and search from all aspects. If you can't find it in real life, you will find it in your dreams. If you can't find it in your dream, go to fairyland. This kind of ups and downs, layer by layer rendering, let the characters' feelings swirl up and reach a climax. It is through such layers of rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses his feelings and goes back and forth, which makes the characters' thoughts and feelings more profound and rich, and the poetry is "delicate in texture" and more artistic.

On the one hand, Song of Eternal Sorrow is an important historical and political theme, on the other hand, it is a humanistic and psychological theme with a long tradition from the people. Bai Juyi followed the national cultural psychology and the poet's personality thought in his creation, that is, the traditional mode coexisted with the author's subjective initiative, which was inseparable from the poet's life experience and outlook on life. Bai Juyi's life spanned the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His thought, bounded by the relegation of Jiangzhou Sima, experienced two stages, from active entry into the WTO to passive birth, and practiced the Confucian life mode of "helping the world and the people" that he believed in. The basic connotation of Bai Juyi's so-called "loneliness" is that he is happy and know life, complacent and peaceful, and thus connected with Shi and Lao, and his attitude towards the world is natural. In his whole ideological system, "being alone" and "helping the world" go hand in hand. "Giving is Lu Yi's career, and accumulating is the way to repair the old morality" ("a gentleman does not give tools"), which are two sides of a complete outlook on life. Before his relegation, he worked for Yunlong and Peng Feng, and together with Yuan Zhen, he vigorously advocated the New Yuefu Movement. It is precisely because he had great ambitions when he was young and had the political spirit to help the Tang Dynasty decline and save the people from fire and water that he had enough courage to deal with such a major historical theme, summed up the political gains and losses of Tang Dynasty in his later years with "no confusion" and wrote the Song of Eternal Sorrow. In this way, in his mind, Tang's dichotomy will inevitably be reflected in the shaping of the image. It is precisely because of the unity of opposites between Tang, who loves deeply, and Tang, who values the country and despises the people, that Bai Juyi wrote this story as a tragedy of a good emperor. The good emperor was confused, which finally caused sorrow for himself and the people. We can see from the works that the characterization of Tang Minghuang rejected idealization, which is another result of idealization. What is excluded is that the feudal ruling class added enough aperture to the emperor's head, making it an idealization of demigods. And this kind of exclusion itself contains another ideal of urban residents. Starting from the soil where the emperor's authority declined in real life, they imagined the leader of the feudal ruling class as an ordinary person like themselves, an infatuated emperor with love, distress, mistakes and shortcomings, no different from the protagonist in general love stories! They idealized the emperor from another angle. An idealized emperor should be a person like the people, not a god! Bai Juyi, on the other hand, accepted the citizens' idealization of Tang with conditions and sublation, thus completing the shaping of Tang's image. After the poet was relegated to Jiangzhou, the status of "being independent" and "helping the poor" changed. His spiritual life and official career gradually changed, and finally "ji ji" was released as "immune". In the process of spiritual self-rescue, Bai Juyi gradually turned from paying attention to social politics to paying attention to individual life, and his love for free personality gradually surpassed his obsession with moral personality.

As a narrative poem that will never be sung again, Song of Eternal Sorrow has achieved great artistic success ... Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. What infected and seduced readers with the art of Song of Eternal Sorrow? Touching, I am afraid, is its greatest artistic personality, and it is also the power that it can attract readers, make them infected and tempted for thousands of years.

-About the author-

Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.