Adolescent health knowledge

Adolescence is the most beautiful period in life, and it is also the period when physical and psychological problems during growth are most frequent. The following is the content about health knowledge in adolescence compiled by me for your reference and understanding. I hope you like it!

Health knowledge in adolescence? Physiological characteristics of adolescence

1. Significant changes in body appearance

(1) Height, weight, and chest circumference increase significantly

During the stage of sudden height increase, the growth and development of various parts of the human body are asynchronous. For example, the growth of the upper and lower limbs is faster than the growth of the spine. Even after the human body is fully mature, weight is still increasing, which is closely related to the growth of bones, muscles, and fat. From the appearance point of view, on average, men are taller and heavier than women; men have a prominent Adam's apple, while women have round and flat necks; men have broad shoulders, while women have narrow shoulders; men have thick chest muscles, while women have plump breasts; men have narrow iliac bones, while women have narrow iliac bones. The bones are wide; the shoulders of men are wider than the iliac, and the iliac of women are wider than the shoulders; the muscles and bones of men are well developed, and sometimes there are angles, and the women have fat deposits and often show curves. Therefore, young women appear plump and young men appear strong.

(2) The functions of various tissues and organs throughout the body are gradually improved.

Various systems and internal organs of the body develop rapidly, their physiological functions are enhanced, and their efficiency is improved. For example, the heart development has reached 12 to 14 times that of birth, and the weight and function are close to adult standards. Lung function is significantly improved, and the breathing capacity of the lungs is increased. The vital capacity is about 1400 ml in the teens, increases to 2000-2500 ml at the age of 14 to 15 years, and increases to 4800 ml at the age of 22 years. Although the brain's development does not change much in terms of weight and capacity, the brain's neural structure gradually develops until it is basically close to that of an adult. The function of nerve transmission of information is increased by 8 to 10 times. Therefore, the thinking ability is active and the ability to respond to things is improved; the desire for knowledge is strong, and various fine movements are more accurate and coordinated; the reasoning and analysis ability and memory are strengthened. The human body's hematopoietic function and immune function have doubled.

2. The emergence of secondary sexual characteristics

Since the differences between men and women are determined at the moment of conception, they have already developed during the fetal period. After the newborn is born, from the genitals Appearance can distinguish the different characteristics of men and women, which is called the "first characteristic" in medicine. Secondary sex characteristics are any differences in body shape that show sexual differences between men and women other than the genitals. Due to differences in region, environment, genetics, nutrition and other factors, there are also individual differences in secondary sexual characteristics.

3. Rapid development and maturity of reproductive organs

People are divided into male and female after birth because of the identification of external genitalia. However, at that time, men had testicles and women had ovaries. Testicles and ovaries are important organs for the sexual development of men and women during adolescence. In addition to emitting sperm and eggs, they can also secrete their own sex hormones. Only with the secretion of sex hormones can their sexual characteristics and functions be improved.

(1) Anatomy and physiology of male reproductive organs

Male genitals are divided into external genitalia and internal genitalia. The external genitals include the penis, urethra, and scrotum, and the internal genitals include the testicles and vas deferens. The vas deferens is divided into epididymis, vas deferens and accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands).

1. Penis. It is the male sexual organ used for urination and ejaculation.

2. Scrotum. The scrotum contains the left and right testicles, separated by the scrotum. The scrotum is very sensitive to temperature changes. When it is cold, the scrotum contracts and the testicles inside are lifted up to get closer to body temperature; when it is heated, the scrotum relaxes and expands the heat dissipation area. This change is very important for regulating the temperature of the testicles, which is required for the normal development and survival of sperm.

3. Testicles. The male gonads are the organs that produce sperm and secrete androgen (testosterone). The testicles are oval, with an epididymis attached to the top of each testicle.

4. Insemination pipeline. It is the general name for the epididymis, vas deferens and three accessory glands. The epididymis is used to store sperm. It can also promote the continued maturation of sperm. The tail of the epididymis is connected to the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles, which are connected to the ejaculatory ducts. It passes through the prostate and is connected to the urethra. The combined fluids secreted by the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands are semen.

(2) Anatomy and physiology of female reproductive organs

Female reproductive organs are divided into external genitalia and internal genitalia. The external genitalia (also known as the vulva) includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, Bartholin glands, urethral opening, hymen, etc. The internal genitals include the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

1. Yin Mons. In the part of the vulva in front of the pubic symphysis, after puberty, the subcutaneous fat thickens and pubic hair gradually grows.

2. Labia majora. Below the mons pubis, a pair of raised skin folds on either side of the vulva. The labia majora come together at the midline to cover the labia minora, vaginal opening and urethral opening, playing a protective role.

3. Labia minora. It is a pair of skin wrinkles located on the inner side of the labia majora. It is thin and soft, has no subcutaneous fat, is rich in sebaceous glands and sweat glands, and has a moist surface. The labia minora of adolescent girls are closed and play a role in protecting the vagina and internal genitalia. They are part of the natural defense function of the female vulva.

4. Clitoris. Located at the intersection of the front of the labia minora on both sides, it is a small cylindrical shape and is a sexually sensitive area.

5. Bartholin’s gland (Bartholin’s gland). Invisible from the outside, located on both sides of the vagina and opening on the inside of the labia minora, the Bartholin glands are equivalent to the male bulbourethral glands and can secrete a small amount of fluid to lubricate the vagina.

6. Hymen. It is a thin layer of mucous membrane covering the opening of the vagina, with a hole in the middle through which a woman's monthly menstrual blood flows out.

7. Vagina. It is a cylindrical tube between the external genitalia and the uterus. Women's menstruation flows out from this tube, and the mucus secreted by the vagina often mixes with cells shed from the vaginal wall to form "leucorrhea".

8. Uterus. It is a thick-walled, cavity-shaped organ shaped like an inverted pear. The upper left and right sides of the uterus are connected to the fallopian tubes and are the openings of the fallopian tubes. The lower end of the uterus is called the cervix, and the cervix is ??connected to the vagina. After a girl reaches puberty, the endometrium sheds once a month, forming menstruation. When you are about to become a mother, the uterus is the place where the fetus develops and grows.

9. Fallopian tube. It is a pair of slender, curved tubular organs located on both sides of the uterus and opening into the abdominal cavity.

10. Ovary. The female reproductive gland is an organ that produces eggs and secretes sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone). It is located below the fallopian tubes on both sides of the uterus and is shaped like a pair of oblate ellipsoids. There are actually tens of thousands of egg cells in a woman's ovaries, but only about 400 eggs are released during the entire reproductive period.

Adolescent health knowledge? Adolescent health care

1. Contents and requirements of adolescent health care

Adolescents are physically, intellectually and Although their mobility has grown rapidly and is close to that of adults, they are still immature and inexperienced compared to adults. They are often brave and reckless, easily affected by various factors in the environment, and prone to accidents. Therefore, adolescent health care should provide guidance based on the physical and psychological characteristics of young people.

2. Physiological health care

(1) Reasonable nutrition

Due to rapid growth and development during adolescence, the nutrients needed should be obtained from daily food. You must not rely on various "nutritional supplements" every day. Food is rich in nutrients, including protein, carbohydrates (also known as sugar), fats, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and water. These are the seven nutrients needed by the human body.

If the quality and quantity of nutrients cannot meet the needs, normal growth and development will be affected. When the workload increases, more attention should be paid to calorie supplementation. Nutritional problems during this period are not only directly affected by family economic conditions and social development level, but also by eating habits, thoughts and emotions, or psychological and social factors among teenagers. Therefore, when it comes to dietary nutrition, we should not only popularize nutrition knowledge and pay attention to the combination of nutritional ingredients, but also cultivate good eating habits, eat regularly and in quantity, and avoid overeating, partial eclipse, and picky eaters.

Young people need more protein, fat and carbohydrates to meet the needs of tissue growth, which can be obtained from various meats, animal offal, eggs, and fish foods; soy products include It is rich in protein, so animal and plant proteins should be matched with each other, and meat should not be preferred. Water, a variety of vitamins and minerals, and trace elements are all indispensable. Therefore, the principle of meal preparation should be diversified, including thick and thin, meat and vegetable, thin and dry, dry and fresh foods, with many varieties and sufficient quantities. This will provide sufficient nutrients to a vigorous body.

(2) Personal hygiene

To educate young people to understand their own physiological characteristics and develop good personal living habits, they must first arrange their life, work and study reasonably, have appropriate exercise, and maintain normal hygiene entertainment and rest.

Secondly, good hygiene habits are closely related to improving physical health and preventing diseases. Personal hygiene includes oral hygiene, eye hygiene, and correct posture for writing, reading, and standing to prevent dental caries, myopia, and spinal curvature.

Third, pay attention to physical exercise and appropriate labor. This can promote development, enhance physical fitness, and improve resistance to disease. Only with a plan and content, and step by step, can it be effective.

Fourth, adequate sleep can help you recover from fatigue faster. It would be great if you can ensure 7 to 8 hours of sleep every day.

The last point is that young people should not get into the habit of smoking and drinking. Smoking and drinking will cause harm to the human cardiovascular system, respiratory system and people's willpower. Young people are often curious and start smoking and drinking. However, once these bad behaviors are acquired and become hobbies, they are often addicted and unable to extricate themselves, and even develop into drug abuse and alcohol abuse. They are not only harmful to physical and mental health, but also prone to accidents.

(3) Reproductive organ hygiene

1. Phimosis: Phimosis is when the foreskin completely covers the glans penis, the foreskin opening is small, and the foreskin cannot be completely turned up to expose the glans penis. The smegma in the foreskin sac is not easy to clean and can easily infect the foreskin and glans causing inflammation. Smegma can even form foreskin stones, and a small foreskin opening can easily induce urethritis, which may lead to urethral stricture, difficulty urinating, and even affect kidney function. It is reported that the chance of penile cancer often occurs.

2. Excessive foreskin: Approximately 29.7% of adults have excessive foreskin. The foreskin completely covers the glans penis but the foreskin opening is very loose. The foreskin can be turned up to completely expose the glans penis. Patients with excessive foreskin often have smegma accumulation, inflammation, erosion and adhesion. If they do not pay attention to local cleaning, they can also lead to penitis, balanitis and urethritis. In the above two cases, it is best to perform circumcision as early as possible.

In order to prevent genital diseases, when cleaning male genitals, in addition to scrubbing the penis and scrotum, the foreskin should be pushed upward to completely expose the glans, and then washed with warm water to reduce irritation. The water temperature should not exceed 60°C. .

After the onset of puberty, boys will experience nocturnal emissions. After each nocturnal emission, not only do you need to change your underwear, but it is also best to clean your penis in time. It is important to note that you must not play with your penis during cleaning to avoid inducing masturbation.

Change pants frequently to keep the external genitalia clean. It is best to use breathable cotton fabrics for pants. Be slightly looser. Testicles are suitable for slightly lower temperatures. If the pants are too tight, it will affect the spermatogenic function of the testicles and affect fertility in the future. You should also pay attention to the protection of your testicles during exercise. The testis is an important organ of the human body. It is very fragile and tender, and due to its anatomical and physiological characteristics, it is relatively easy to be damaged.

3. Menstrual hygiene: Menstruation is a physiological phenomenon that occurs when women develop to maturity. It is mainly characterized by cyclic changes in the endometrium affected by ovarian hormones. It sheds once a month. The endometrium and blood are discharged from the vagina through the vagina, which is called menstruation. The normal menstrual cycle is generally 28 days, and 20 to 40 days is within the normal range. The menstrual period is 3 to 5 days, and it is also normal within 2 to 7 days. When a girl gets her first menstrual period, the time of menstruation is her menarche, and every month thereafter is considered a menstrual cycle. If you do not pay attention to hygiene during menstruation, you will be susceptible to various diseases due to the influence of the external and internal environment.

Especially in adolescence, menstruation has just begun and the reproductive system has not yet fully matured. Short-term amenorrhea or menstrual cycle disorders often occur within one or two years after menarche. Sometimes, menstrual disorders and amenorrhea are caused by environmental changes, mood swings, cold stimulation, or excessive labor. , dysmenorrhea, too much or too little menstruation, etc. Therefore, menstrual hygiene should be paid attention to.