Translation of Wen Tianxiang Biography (Excerpt) in the 13rd Classical Chinese Reading of Junior Middle School Chinese.

Wen Tianxiang's word is Song Rui, and his word is good. He is a native of Jishui, Jizhou. Tall and handsome, beautiful and white as jade, with fine features and bright eyes. When I was a boy, I saw the ancestors Ouyang Xiu, Yang Bangyi and Hu Quan, all of whom were called "loyalty", and I admired them and said, "If you don't enjoy the sacrifice among them sideways after death, you won't be a gentleman." At the age of 2, he was admitted to the Jinshi examination and asked questions in the Jiying Hall. At that time, Li Zong was in office for a long time, and the government affairs gradually slackened off. Wen Tianxiang did not slack off in answering questions according to God's will, which lasted for more than 1, words, and he couldn't remember the draft. At one stroke, the emperor personally selected him as the first. Examiner Wang Yinglin played: "The ancient meaning of the answer sheet is like a mirror, and loyalty is like a stone, so I dare to celebrate the acquisition of talents." Immediately after his father's funeral, he went home.

in the early years of the Qing dynasty, Dayuan troops attacked the song dynasty. Eunuch Dong Songchen lobbied the emperor to move the capital, and people dared not say that he was wrong. At that time, Wen Tianxiang went to Beijing to be the judge of Ning Navy's festival, and wrote "Begging for the beheading of Dong Steven Song, so as to make people's hearts consistent". If you don't answer, you will automatically go home. Later, he was gradually promoted to the rank of lang Guan of punishments. Dong Songchen once again went to Beijing as a capital, and Wen Tianxiang wrote to discuss his sins, but he didn't answer. Out of the court, he was appointed as the magistrate of Ruizhou, and was sentenced to Jiangxi. He was promoted to the post of Minister Zuo Si Lang, and was repeatedly impeached and dismissed by the remonstrating officer. Appointed the military equipment supervision power to the direct bachelor's college. Jia Sidao claimed that he was ill and begged for retirement, so as to blackmail the monarch and send a letter of disapproval. Wen Tianxiang drafted a book and satirized Jia Sidao with words. At that time, when accepting the drafting of the internal system, you had to submit the manuscript first. Wen Tianxiang didn't submit the manuscript. Jia Sidao was not happy and asked the suggestion and Zhang Zhili to impeach him. Wen Tianxiang was demoted several times, invoking Qian Re-shui's old example to retire at the age of 37.

in the ninth year of Xianchun's reign, he was appointed as the executioner in Hunan, so he met former Prime Minister Jiang Wanli. Jiang Wanli has always thought that Wen Tianxiang has integrity. When talking about state affairs, he said sadly, "I am old, observing the weather, people will change, and I have seen more people. Is it your responsibility to save the national luck?" You have to work hard. " Ten years, changed to Ganzhou Zhizhou.

in the early years of Deyou, the river was in a hurry and ordered the world to rise up and be diligent. Wen Tianxiang cried with letters, and sent Chen Jizhou to recruit heroes in the state, unite with ethnic minorities in the cave, and sent Fang Xing to call Jizhou troops. All heroes responded and concentrated an army of 1, people. When the matter was reported, he was appointed as Jiangxi's envoy to punish and appease him and called him to Beijing. A friend stopped him and said, "Now the Mongolian army is beating drums in three ways, breaking through the suburbs of Beijing and approaching the mainland. You are rushing to resist with more than 1 thousand people, which is different from driving sheep to fight tigers." Wen Tianxiang said: "I also know that it will be left behind. However, for more than 3 years, the country has raised officials and people. Once there is an emergency, it has recruited all the troops in the world, but no one has entered the Beijing Gate. I feel very sad about this situation. Therefore, I overreached myself, and I want to die for my country. I hope that the loyal ministers and righteous people in the world will rise on the news. If the winner makes meritorious deeds with righteousness, a large number of people will succeed, so that the country can still be saved. "

Wen Tianxiang likes luxury by nature. He usually enjoys it richly, and his front is full of kabuki. At this time, I made a painful cut and used all my possessions as military expenses. Every time I talk about current affairs with the guest staff, I often cry and clap a few cases and say, "Take the happiness of others as happiness, take the sorrow of others as sorrow, and eat other people's food to die for other people's business." In August, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Lin 'an and was appointed as the magistrate at Pingkiang. At that time, because Chen Yizhong had not returned to the DPRK, it was not sent. In October, when Chen Yizhong arrived, he was sent. The imperial court said that it was about to promote Lu Shimeng as the minister of the Ministry of War, and named Lv Wende and the king of Yi County, hoping to rely on them to make peace. Lv Shimeng became more and more arrogant.

Wen Tianxiang went to the temple to bid farewell, and Shang Shu said, "The imperial court tolerated too many constraints, but worked hard, begging to slay Lv Shimeng to sacrifice drums to boost the morale of officers and men." He also said: "In view of the wars of the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty cut off the buffer regions and established counties. Although it was enough for a time to correct the shortcomings of ineffective command, the country gradually weakened. Therefore, when the enemy arrived in a state, it captured a state, and when it arrived in a county, it captured a county. The Central Plains region fell, and it was regrettable. Now the world should be divided into four towns, where the governor is in charge. Add Guangxi to Hunan and set up a handsome house in Changsha; Add Guangdong to Jiangxi and set up a handsome house in Longxing; Add Fujian to Jiangdong and set up a handsome house in Fanyang; Add Huaixi to Huaidong and set up a handsome house in Yangzhou. Changsha was ordered to capture Ezhou, Longxing captured Qiu and Huang, Fanyang captured Jiangdong, and Yangzhou captured Huaibei, which made the territory expand and the national strength enhanced, enough to resist the enemy. On the agreed date, we will fight hard together, advance without retreat, and seek the enemy day and night. Their defenses are scattered and exhausted, and heroes among the people take the opportunity to haunt them. If they do this, it is not difficult for the enemy to repel. " At that time, it was argued that Wen Tianxiang's argument was unrealistic and the book did not answer.

in October, Wen Tianxiang entered Pingjiang, and Dayuan army has set off from Jinling and entered Changzhou. Wen Tianxiang sent generals Zhu Hua, Yin Yu and Ma Shilong to rescue Changzhou with Zhang Quan. When they reached Yuqiao, Ma Shilong died. Zhu Hua led a wide army to fight in Wumu, and lost the battle. Yin Yu's army also defeated and scrambled to cross the river, holding Zhang Quan's warship. Zhang Quan's army cut off their fingers and drowned. Yin Yu fought with 5 down archers overnight and all died until dawn. Zhang Quan escaped without firing an arrow. Dayuan army captured Changzhou and entered independence. Chen Yizhong and Liu Kuiyan called Wen Tianxiang, gave up Chalk River and guarded Yuhang.

in the first month of next year, I will be the magistrate of Lin' an prefecture. Not long. Song Dynasty surrendered, and Chen Yizhong and Zhang Shijie escaped. So he appointed Wen Tianxiang as a tang dynasty. Soon, he was appointed right prime minister and a Tang Dynasty envoy, and sent him to the army to ask for peace, arguing bluntly with Bo Yan, the prime minister of Dayuan, in Gaoting Mountain. The Prime Minister was angry and detained him. Together with the left Prime Minister Wu Jian, the right Prime Minister Jia Qing Yu, Xie Tang who knew the Privy Council, Xuan Weng, the Privy Council official who signed the book, and Liu Gang, who signed the bookcase secret courtyard, they went north to Zhenjiang. Wen Tianxiang and his doorman Du Hu, 12 people, fled into Zhenzhou at night. Miao Zaicheng went out of the city to meet him. While he was happy, he cried and said, "The army of Huai and Huai is enough to revive, but the two generals have contradictions and can't unite." Wen Tianxiang asked, "Is there any way?" Miao Zaicheng said, "Now, let's invite the troops from Huaixi to Jiankang, and the other side will make every effort to resist our troops from the west. Command the generals in the east to attack Wantou with the armies of Tong and Hu, attack Yangzi Bridge with the armies of Gaoyou, Baoying and Huai 'an, and attack Guabu with the troops of Yangzhou. I directly attacked Zhenjiang with my fleet and launched it on a large scale in the same day. Wantou and Yangziqiao are all weak troops along the river, and they look forward to the arrival of our army day and night, and they can win it with one attack. Joint attack on three sides of Guabu, I approached from one side of the river, even very wise people could not find a way for them. After the capture of Guabu, the eastern army entered the entrance of Beijing and the western army entered Jinling to intercept Zhejiang's retreat. Their marshal can be captured. " Wen Tianxiang repeatedly said yes, and immediately wrote to the two envoys, sending envoys to various places to agree on the alliance.

Before Wen Tianxiang arrived, a soldier who escaped from Yangzhou said, "A prime minister was secretly sent to Zhenzhou to persuade him to surrender." Tingzhi believed this and thought that Wen Tianxiang had come to surrender. Send Miao again and kill him immediately. Miao Zaicheng couldn't bear it. Trick Wen Tianxiang into going out to inspect the Yugoslav capital, show him the regulations of the manufacturing department and shut him out. Outside the door for a long time, and then send two people to spy on Wen Tianxiang, and kill him if he is really the one who surrenders. Two people talked with Wen Tianxiang respectively, and when they saw his loyalty, they didn't have the heart to kill him. They sent twenty soldiers to guide him to Yangzhou, arrived at the gate at four drums, and heard people waiting to open the door talking. The production department ordered that the Prime Minister Wen was very strict, and everyone looked at each other with fear, so they went east to the sea, met the enemy, and hid themselves in the wall of the earth to escape. But I was too hungry to get up, so I got some leftovers from the woodcutter. Entering Banqiao, the enemy troops came again, and everyone ran to hide in the bamboo bushes. The enemy soldiers went into the lane to search for them, caught Du You and Jin Ying and left later. Jasmine Zhang, the waiting officer, was shot in the eye by an arrow and suffered two injuries, but Wen Tianxiang just didn't get caught. Du You and Jin Ying took out the gold hidden in their arms and gave it back to the soldiers. They hired two woodcutter to carry Wen Tianxiang in baskets to Gaoyou and take a sea boat to Wenzhou.

I heard that King Yi did not ascend to the throne, so I persuaded him to succeed to the throne, and was called to Fuzhou as the right prime minister in the position of a bachelor of plastic arts and reading assistant. Then disagree with Chen Yizhong and others. In July, Israel and the viceroy went to western Liaoning, so they set out to recruit troops into Tingzhou. In October, Zhao Shishang, a staff officer, and Zhao Mengyu, a consultant officer, led an army to capture Ningdu, and Wu Jun, a counselor, led an army to capture Yudu. Liu Zhu, Xiao Mingzhe and Chen Zijing all came from Jiangxi to meet. Zou Shi summoned the deputy envoy to gather troops in Ningdu, and the Dayuan army attacked him. Zou? The army was defeated, and Liu Qin, Ju Huashu, Yan Sili and Yan Qiyan who started the uprising together all died. Professor Luo Kaili of Wugang mobilized troops to recover Yongfeng County, was defeated and captured soon, and died in prison. Tianxiang heard that Luo Kaili had died and wept for him.

In the first month of the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty, Dayuan troops entered Tingzhou, and Wen Tianxiang moved to Zhangzhou, begging to defend the emperor. Zhao Shishang and Zhao Mengxuan also led the troops back, but Wu Jun's army alone did not arrive. Before long, Wu Jun surrendered to lobby Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang tied up Wu Jun and strangled him. In April, when he entered Meizhou, Wang Fu and Qian Hanying were arrogant and beheaded. In May, I left Jiangxi and entered Huichang. In June, I entered Xingguo County. In July, Zhang Bian, Zhao Shishang, Zhao Mengxuan and other staff officers were sent to gather all the soldiers to approach Gancheng. Take troops from counties in Ganzhou to attack Yongfeng, and lieutenant Li Guida will take troops from counties in Jizhou to attack Taihe. Eight counties in Jizhou recovered half of them, but Ganzhou could not attack them. All the states in Linhong surrender. Tan Zhaoqi, Zhang Hu, Zhang Tang, Xiong Gui, Liu Douyuan, Wu Xishi, Chen Ziquan and Wang Mengying fought between Shao and Yong, and recovered several counties. When did Fuzhou fight against Wen Tianxiang? Heroes in Fenning, Wuning and Jianchang counties all sent people to the army for command.

Li Heng, the propaganda envoy of Jiangxi Province in Yuan Dynasty, sent troops to rescue Ganzhou, and personally commanded the army to attack Wen Tianxiang in Xingguo. Wen Tianxiang didn't expect Li Heng's army to come suddenly, so he withdrew his troops and went to Yongfeng to take refuge in Zou Wet. Zou Wet's army was defeated first, and Li Heng pursued Wen Tianxiang until Fang Shiling. Gong Xin tried to resist, was shot in the body and died. In the empty pit, all the soldiers were scattered, and all the wives and children of Wen Tianxiang were arrested. When he was on a trip, he was rewarded with a sedan chair. Later, the soldier asked him what his name was. When Zhao was rewarded, he said, "My surname is Wen." Everyone thought it was Wen Tianxiang, so he was caught and brought back, and Wen Tianxiang was able to escape.

Sun Table, Peng Zhenlong and Zhang Bian all died in the battlefield, and Miao Chaozong hanged himself. Wu Wenbing, Lin Dong and Liu Zhu were all arrested and returned to Longxing. Zhao Shihui was unyielding in cursing. When someone was arrested for being implicated, he often waved away and said, "It's just a small signing officer. What are you doing here?" So many people were able to escape. Before his execution, Liu Zhu still wanted to defend himself. Zhao Shihui scolded him: "It's just death. Why should it be like this?" So Lin Dong, Wu Wenbing, Xiao Jingfu and Xiao Daofu were all killed.

Wen Tianxiang packed up the beaten army and ran to Xunzhou, where he was stationed in Nanling. Li Guida secretly wanted to surrender, catch and kill him. In March of the fifteenth year of Zhiyuan, he entered Lijiang Pu. In June, I entered Shipao. Yi Wang died, Wei Wang Jili. Wen Tianxiang impeached himself and begged to appear before Beijing, but he refused. In August, Wen Tianxiang was added to protect his family and believe in the Lord protector. Plague prevailed in the army, and hundreds of soldiers died. Wen Tianxiang had only one son, both of whom died. In November, he entered Chaoyang County. Chaozhou robbers Chen Yi and Liu Xing have repeatedly rebelled and joined in, endangering Chaozhou people. Wen Tianxiang beat away Chen Yi, caught Liu Xing and killed him. In December, go to Nanling, Zou? Liu Zijun came from Jiangxi and attacked Chen Yi's henchmen again. Chen Yi secretly guided Marshal Zhang Hongfan's army to Chaoyang. Wen Tianxiang was having dinner at Wupo Ridge when Zhang Hongfan's army suddenly arrived, and they couldn't resist, so they all bowed their heads in the grass. Wen Tianxiang hurriedly to run, thousands of Wang Weiyi forward to catch him. Wen Tianxiang swallowed borneol, but he didn't die. Zou Sa committed suicide, and everyone helped him into Nanling and died. When the subordinate officers and men escaped from the empty pit, Liu Zijun, Chen Longfu, Lu Mingzhe and Xiao Zi all died, and Du Hu was arrested and died of sorrow. Only Zhao Meng escaped from Luanhe River, while Zhang Tang, Xiong Gua, Wu Xishi and Chen Ziquan were defeated and captured, all of them died. Zhang Lu is a descendant of Zhang Wei in Guanghan.

when Wen Tianxiang arrived in Chaoyang, he met Zhang Hongfan, so he was ordered to bow down. If he didn't, Zhang Hongfan met him as a courtesy and went into Lishan with him, asking him to write to invite Zhang Shijie. Wen Tiancuo said: "I can't defend my parents, but I teach people to betray their parents. Is it possible?" Or insist on asking him for a letter of surrender, and then write down the poem "Guo Ling Ding Yang" for them. The last sentence of the poem says: "No one has died in life since ancient times, so take the heart of Dan and shine on the history." Zhang Hongfan smiled and let him go. When Lishan fell and the army gave a big banquet, Zhang Hongfan said, "The country is dead, and the loyalty and filial piety of the Prime Minister have been fulfilled. If you can change your mind and serve our emperor with the attitude of serving the Song Dynasty, you may still be the Prime Minister." Wen Tianxiang wept bitterly and said, "The national subjugation can't be saved, and the death of a courtier is more than a crime. Do you dare to drag out an ignoble existence and have second thoughts?" Zhang Hongfan thought he was very kind and sent an envoy to escort Wen Tianxiang to the capital.

Wen Tianxiang fasted for eight days on the road, and before he died, he ate again. When we arrived in Yan, the posthouse was very entertaining. Wen Tianxiang stayed up until dawn. He moved to the Military Forces Division and sent soldiers to guard him. At that time, Emperor Sai-jo often sought talents from officials in the Southern Dynasties. Wang Jiweng said, "There is nothing like Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Dynasties." So he sent Wang Ji-weng to declare the imperial edict. Wen Tianxiang said, "When the country perishes, I will be a martyr. If released, he can return to his hometown as a civilian and serve as a consultant as a foreigner in the future. If you want me to be an official at once, not only are some conquered scholars unable to seek survival with them, but they also abandon all their life's efforts. What's the use of me? " Wang Jiweng wanted to join forces with ten people, including Xie Changyuan, an old official of the Song Dynasty, to request the release of Wen Tianxiang and make him a Taoist priest. Liu Mengyan disagreed and said, "When Wen Tianxiang goes out, he will call on Jiangnan again. Where will we put the ten people?" Things will be forgotten. Wen Tianxiang was in Yan * * * for three years. The emperor knew that Wen Tianxiang would never give in, and discussed with the prime minister to release him. It was suggested that Wen Tianxiang would arise in Jiangxi, but the result was not released.

In the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty, a Fujian monk said that Saturn had invaded Cepheus, and his suspicions changed. Not long after, there was a madman in Zhongshan who claimed to be "the Lord of the Song Dynasty", with 1 soldiers, who wanted to save Premier Huiwen. There is also an anonymous letter in Beijing, saying that one day the reed grass outside the city will be burned and soldiers on both sides will start an uprising, so the Prime Minister need not worry about it. At that time, the robbers had just killed the left prime minister, A Jinma, ordered to remove the reed grass at the gates, and moved the Duke of Ying and the imperial clan of Song Dynasty to Kaiping, suspecting that the so-called prime minister was Wen Tianxiang. Called into the palace and told him, "What else do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "How can Wen Tianxiang serve the second country when he is the prime minister due to Song Enen? I hope that giving me a death is enough. " But I still couldn't bear to wave him down at once. The admonition officer strongly agreed to comply with Wen Tianxiang's request and listened to them. Later Shao stopped them, and Wen Tianxiang was already dead. Wen Tianxiang was very calm when he was executed, and said to the official: "My business is over." Say goodbye to the south and then die. A few days later, his wife, Ouyang Shi, received his body, looking like life, at the age of 47. There is a praise in his belt saying: "Confucius said benevolence, Mencius said righteousness, and only by taking righteousness can benevolence be achieved." What is the use of reading sage books and learning? From now on, you can have a clear conscience. "

On Japan: People with lofty ideals since ancient times,