Information transmission is extremely important. What are the ways and characteristics of ancient and modern information transmission?

The characteristics of homing pigeons are fast and accurate;

Post station, ordinary delivery;

Beacon, according to the agreed signal, does not belong to text information;

Others: kites, Kongming lanterns, etc. China is one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized information dissemination system. As early as 3000 years ago in Shang Dynasty, there was a record of information transmission. Riding a horse to deliver mail is an early organized communication method. The "Hou" sculpture in Jiayuguan Railway Station Square is based on the Wei and Jin murals in Jiayuguan. The postman took the bamboo slips, and the post horse landed on all fours, which was very fast.

The appearance of ancient information transmission can not be separated from the Great Wall, which has been up and down for 5,000 years. The word "Great Wall" first appeared in the documents of the Warring States Period. In ancient times, the architectural forms of different dynasties were different, so the names of such defense projects were different, such as: Liecheng, Fangcheng, Fortress, Linluo, Jiegou, Side Wall and so on. In fact, they all refer to the "Great Wall" in a broad sense.

Huo Feng communication

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information by bonfire. As a primitive way of acousto-optic communication, bonfire served the ancient military war. From the border to the capital and the border, a beacon tower is built at regular intervals, which stores firewood. When the enemy invaded, the bonfire alarms were lit one by one. When the governors of all walks of life saw the bonfire, they immediately sent troops to help and resist the enemy.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to guard against the enemy's invasion, the "bonfire tunnel" was used as the contact signal for border defense emergency. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", it is recorded that "on the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, a beacon tower is built at intervals, with oranges on the stage and a cage full of firewood on the orange head. When the enemy invades, it is called "bonfire" to transmit the information to the leader's desk with a torch, and it is called "embarrassment" to ignite the firewood piled up on the desk during the daytime warning. In order to make the smoke straight without bending and visible from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of firewood, so it was also called "wolf smoke". The Zhou Dynasty stipulated that emperors everywhere must immediately lead troops to rescue and jointly resist the enemy.

Before the invention of papermaking, our ancestors also used bamboo slips as the carrier of words. Bamboo slips are made of bamboo with thin skin and long sections. First saw the round bamboo into a certain length, then cut it into a certain width, and then it became a simple piece. At that time, it was made of silk rope, hemp rope and thin leather strip, which could be used to carve or write characters.

Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the history of China. As early as the Shang Dynasty, the word "book" existed in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, symbolizing that a bundle of bamboo slips was tied with two book strings, while the word "Dian" in bronze inscriptions meant that the book was on the desk.

According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Fangshuo, a scholar, gave the emperor a recital book, used more than 3,000 pieces of bamboo slips and sent two Hercules to carry it into the palace. Therefore, bamboo slips are very troublesome to use. After a long time, they will be eaten by insects and cannot be preserved for a long time.

Banner newspaper, brand newspaper and post-unveiling banner newspaper originated from the "exposed cloth" in ancient China. They are usually carried by special personnel, mounted on horses, and sent by Mercedes-Benz for reading by soldiers and civilians along the way to boost morale. Brand newspaper is a news dissemination tool written on wooden signboards, and after being exposed, it is printed matter similar to leaflets, which can be distributed everywhere.

Newspapers began in the Qing Dynasty, mainly concentrated in Beijing. As early as the early Qing dynasty, there were people in Beijing who engaged in newspaper copying activities in their own names, mostly low-level officials, who took printing and newspaper copying as their sideline, and evolved into private newspapers in the middle and late Qing dynasty.

On behalf of, all official documents and letters are called "delivery", and there are "express delivery shops". There is a bronze bell tied to the collar of the horse that is rushed to the post station. When running on the road, the bell rings during the day and ignites at night, and the person who is killed is not responsible. The shop was changed to a horse, and several shops were changed, rain or shine, all day long. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forced to recall Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals. This kind of gold medal

In ancient times, people built tall beacon towers. When the enemy invaded, they immediately lit the firewood on the beacon tower, transmitted the enemy's information with the raging beacon smoke, and called the troops to rescue. Later, people discovered the way to convey information by riding a horse. Many post offices have been set up all over the country, and special people deliver letters, so that they can ride horses to send messages to far away places. Later, people invented the use of semaphores.

As early as 968 AD, China invented something called "Thumtsein", which is considered as the embryonic form of today's telephone. The study of long-distance sound propagation in Europe began in17th century. Hughes put forward the method of transmitting voice information through microphone relay. Although this method is not practical, he gave it this way of communication.

Some people say that the telephone is a song that has been sung for 100 years. It is still full of sound, echoing all over the world. 100 years, although the basic function of telephone as a voice transmission has not changed much, with the progress of technology, it has experienced the development process of "magnetism-common electricity-automation".

On February 1753 and 17, The Scotsman published a letter signed by C.M., in which the author put forward a bold idea to communicate with each other by electric current. He suggested that a set of metal wires be extended from one place to another, and each metal wire corresponds to a letter. When a message is sent at one end, the metal wire will be connected according to the message content.

A whole set of evacuation system was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. Especially in the Han dynasty, the delivered official documents were divided into different grades, and the official documents of different grades should be delivered by special personnel and special horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. The sending and receiving of these documents should be registered, the time should be indicated, and the responsibilities should be clearly defined.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the postal service developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transport line in the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang 'an, the capital city, radiating in all directions and reaching the frontier, with a post station about 30 miles away.

Modern information transmission methods are:

1 wired communication transmission, such as telephone, fax, telegram, television, etc.

2. Wireless communication transmission, such as walkie-talkies, BP machines (to be eliminated), mobile phones and radios;

3. Digital communication transmission, the most familiar, networked computers, digital TV;

4. Paper communication transmission, such as letters and newspapers.

Advantages and disadvantages of ancient and modern modes of communication;

Ancient times: word of mouth or with the help of utensils, the speed of information transmission was slow and inaccurate;

In ancient times, the speed of information transmission was slow and the form of information was single;

Modern: The postal system relying on transportation means that the information transmission speed is relatively fast, the distance is relatively slow and the cost is high.

Modern: telegraph, telephone, fast speed, single message.

Contemporary: the computer network transmits a large amount of information, with diversified information, extremely fast transmission speed and no geographical obstacles.