What are the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

Steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: (1) Step 1: When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, you must first know whether the patient has stopped heartbeat or breathing. The manifestations of respiratory and cardiac arrest are: when the heartbeat stops and the consciousness suddenly loses, the patient faints on various occasions, the patient is pale or cyanotic, and the pupil is dilated. Some patients may have a brief convulsion, accompanied by mouth and eyes askew, and then the whole body muscles become soft. At this time, I can't feel the pulse and can't hear the heart sound; It's easy to tell when breathing stops. You can judge the breathing situation by putting your ears close to the patient's nose and mouth, feeling whether there is gas discharged from the patient's respiratory tract on your face, listening to the sound of air flowing through the patient's respiratory tract, tilting your head to the patient's chest, and observing whether the patient's chest fluctuates with your eyes.

Once a patient with suspected cardiac arrest is found, first judge whether the patient is conscious or not. Usually, gently shake the patient's shoulder and shout, "Hello! What's wrong with you? " If it is preliminarily determined that the patient is in a coma, you should immediately call the people around you to assist in the rescue. You can shout, "Somebody! Help! " Then put the patient in a suitable position. The correct rescue posture is supine position. The patient's head, neck and trunk are straight without distortion, and his hands are placed on both sides of the trunk. The rescuer kneels on the patient's shoulders and neck, and should pay attention to protecting the neck when turning his body or straightening his legs. It is best to unbutton the patient's coat to expose his chest, or leave only underwear. Use the method of raising your head and jaw to ensure the unobstructed respiratory tract.

(2) Step 2: The respiratory tract is clear. After judging that the patient is not breathing, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compressions should be performed immediately. The rescuer presses the patient's forehead with his thumb and forefinger, and pinches the patient's nostrils (pinches the lower end of his nose). After taking a deep breath, he opens his mouth close to the patient's mouth (to completely cover the patient's mouth) and blows hard into the patient's mouth (requiring quick and deep blowing) until the patient's chest is lifted. After the first blowing, he should immediately separate from the patient's mouth, inhale fresh air for the next artificial respiration, and relax at the same time. Blow about 800 ~ 1200ml each time. When blowing, temporarily stop pressing the chest or use a simple respirator instead of mouth-to-mouth breathing.

(3) Step 3: After judging the patient's cardiac arrest, first tap the precordial area, make a fist with your right hand, and tap the precordial area continuously for 3-5 times with moderate strength, which can often make the heart beat again. When it fails, use chest compressions quickly. The patient should lie on his back on a hard bed or on the ground. If it is a spring bed, a hard board should be placed on the patient's back. The operator should put the palm of his right hand on the junction of the patient's sternum 1/3, and press his left hand on the back of his right hand. The operator's back should be straight, and his shoulders should be centered above the patient's sternum. With the help of the operator's own gravity and upper limb strength, press the sternum vertically and quickly to make it sink 3 ~ 4 cm. When pressing effectively, the pulse of the aorta should be felt, and the systolic blood pressure should be kept above 60 mm Hg (8.0 kPa). When two people rescue, they must cooperate and coordinate, blowing must be completed within the relaxation time of chest compression, and the ratio of compression to breathing is 5: 1. The position and operation of respirator and chest compressions can be exchanged, but the interruption time is less than 5 seconds.

A large number of practices have proved that 50% of those who resuscitate within 4 minutes may be rescued, and 10% of those who start resuscitation within 4 ~ 6 minutes may be rescued. The survival rate of those who exceed 6 minutes is only 4%, and those who start resuscitation after 10 minutes are even less likely to survive.

Brain resuscitation is very important, and timely and correct cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one of the most important measures for brain resuscitation. Among them, the key is to maintain blood pressure and control breathing at the scene. If you can go to the hospital for further rescue, you are more likely to pay attention to brain resuscitation.

On-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out continuously, and the decision of resuscitation should not be stopped at will during on-site rescue. The conditions for on-site rescuers to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation are: spontaneous breathing and heartbeat have recovered well; Someone else took over the rescue, or a doctor went to the scene to undertake the recovery work; A doctor came to the scene to confirm that the patient had died.

If circumstances permit, actively contact nearby hospitals for emergency treatment and further rescue.