Why are telegrams sent to all parts of the world sent here first?

It is not uncommon to see the bridge of telegrams in film and television dramas.

Telegram, which uses electricity as the carrier to transmit information over a long distance, was invented by American Morse 1837.

Telegrams are sent by electric signals through special lines, and words and numbers are replaced by codes. The usual code is called Morse code.

In the past, human beings relied on the manpower and animal power of post stations to transmit information over a long distance.

The earliest telegraph in China was built at 1876, the telegraph line from Fuzhou to Mawei Port.

However, it will be troublesome to send it again?

The establishment of telegrams by the Qing court was forced out by the great powers.

In the eighth year of Tongzhi (1874), the Japanese army occupied Taiwan Province Province. It took the Qing government three months to get the news and prepare for the war before the war.

No matter how fast the mail is delivered, it's too slow to die.

In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), the Qing government connected the telegram from Tianjin to Yingkou through Shanhaiguan.

Yingkou is a trading port in the northeast of China. Consuls from various countries opened by 186 1 have been stationed, and telegrams are the first choice for communication.

Fengtianfu raised 8200 yuan to connect Yingkou to Shenyang, with a total length of180km, which was completed in the 11th year of Guangxu (1March 885).

Therefore, Shengjing Telegraph Branch is located in the hutong gold and silver warehouse in front of the Deshengmenli office in Fengtian City, and belongs to Tianjin Beiyang Electric Power Administration.

A Morse code telegram has been installed in the substation, which can transmit 20 Chinese characters per minute. Telegraph business is divided into four categories: the first category is bulletin, which is used by the government; The second category is used by local newspapers and telegraph offices; The third and fourth categories are commercial newspapers, which are used by businessmen.

After several years of construction, by the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), five telegraph trunk lines had extended from Shenyang to surrounding areas.

Shengjing Telegraph Branch became the telegraph transmission center in Northeast China.

Telegrams also spread rapidly in all parts of Northeast China, and international telegrams can be transmitted to the Northeast Bureau of Russia through Hunchun and Hailan artillery sub-bureaus in the north.

1900, the northeast telegraph network was destroyed by the boxer movement, the telephone poles were completely destroyed and the business was interrupted.

It was only in 1906 that the Qing government sent Huang, a missionary, as the general manager to reorganize the Shengjing telegraph and negotiate to take back the northeast telegraph line from Fengtian to Xinmin, which was set up by Japan without authorization.

The telegraph lines from Fengtian to Yingkou, Jinzhou and Fengtian to Zhili were all open.

At the end of 1909, the northeast telegraph office recovered the Russian and Japanese lines 1620.5 km.

Resume construction of 4 10 1 km, with a total length of 5721.5km..

52 telegraph offices and offices were opened, and the northeast cable telegraph network centered on Fengtian was restored.

In the Qing dynasty, good luck was an act of god.

19 1 1 year, the Qing dynasty built more than 60,000 kilometers of cable and telegraph lines and set up about 700 telegraph offices. After all this, the Qing Dynasty perished.

By this time, the telegram from Northeast China had reached "22 provinces and vassals of North Korea and foreign countries"

During the Republic of China, "electrifying" suddenly became the most popular political means.

Warlords, no matter when they do anything, always "electrify the whole country", publicize and carry forward their political achievements.

At that time, 19 13 had 40 times, 19 17 had 72 times and 1922 had 97 times.

It's really three days of small electricity and seven days of big electricity. Power on and power off, but no one is watching? It's really cool to be electrified!

1927 personal telegraph business saves about 16 cents a word, and it costs 160 yuan for a thousand words.

At this time, the telegraph business is divided into government telegrams, official telegrams, special telegrams and ordinary telegrams

1928 the total business volume of northeast telegraph reached 3 10068.

1931March, Fengtian telegraph office was equipped with five Morse ripple receivers and five automatic transmitters.

It is used on the direct line from Shenyang to Peiping, Tianjin, Changchun, Qiqihar and Harbin.

There are also 27 Morse printers and 27 Morse transmitters. * * * 32 direct circuits and series circuits have been built, including 5 automatic machine circuits and 27 printing machine circuits.

After the September 18th Incident, Japan controlled the telecommunications industry, and in 1933, the provincial trunk lines were changed to copper double tracks.

1936, Nissan single-channel carrier was installed on Shenyang-Changchun and Shenyang-Anton lines.

By 1938, there were 68 telegraph lines in Shenyang * * * under the Japanese puppet regime.

When the Kuomintang ruled, Shenyang became an isolated city, unable to repair the remaining equipment, and almost paralyzed the telecommunications industry.

The telegraph flourished and the radio came again.

1922, Zhang Ming established the Northeast Radio Supervision Office to develop the radio industry.

1923, a group of overseas students and radio engineers and technicians came to Shenyang and started to build Northeast Radio Station.

Zhang set up the first wireless transceiver in the pavilion in front of the Ursa Major Hall of the Forbidden City in Fengtian, and the reception desk of Fengtian Radio was established.

At the beginning of its establishment, only 1 Marconi transceiver was installed to serve military needs and deliver official newspapers to major cities in Northeast China.

1924 February, a more powerful radio transceiver was installed.

You can directly receive telegrams from Europe and America, which is the beginning of direct communication between China and Europe and America.

Fengtian became the first place in China to send and receive international telegrams.

At that time, China cities, including Shanghai, had to transit in Fengtian to receive and send international telegrams.

Fengtian got a nickname-World Transceiver.

The government has set up a special radio school to recruit students from radio engineering classes and communication classes, and to train their own telecommunications engineers and technicians.

In order to strengthen domestic long-distance communication, a domestic communication transmitter was built in Peking University outside the gate of Dabei.

At the beginning of 1925, Fengtian Radio entered into a unilateral communication contract with Radio Paris.

1927 renewed the communication contract and exchanged business with Berlin Radio Overseas Communication Agency.

Once upon a time, China's telegraph business was monopolized by British and Danish companies.

Since then, all overseas telegrams from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Han have been transferred by Shenyang.

1928 after Zhang Xueliang came to power, he carried out a great reform of the telecommunications institutions.

Fengtian is the main radio station in northeast China, and the director of radio expert Chen Ren. The main station has built dozens of radio stations in major central cities and remote areas.

Wired power lines are erected 23,535 miles on land and 38,544 miles underwater, forming a huge communication system.

Fengtian radio station accounts for nearly 50% of similar radio stations in China, creating a "golden age" in history.

The telephone is also the product of the pioneering atmosphere in this city.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), at the instigation of Yuan Shikai, then Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, Cixi installed a telephone. Let Lafayette in the Summer Palace taste the "freshness of the New Deal".

Later, Huang of Beijing Telegraph Bureau used the telephone for all the princes and ministers.

1March, 905, General Zhao Erxun of Shengjing asked the imperial court to invite Huang to Shenyang to start Shenyang telephone service.

The telephone was installed in the advertisement of Maolin Hotel 1906 in Xiaoximen, Fengtian, but it was designated by Fengtian Japanese Division.

The Japanese forced Zhao Erxun to start a telephone business, and outsiders took away his telecommunications rights.

During the Russo-Japanese War, Japan opened telephone service. Toyota Military and Political Affairs Office opened a telephone office without authorization, 1906 accepted users in March.

Huang graduated from Tianjin Telegraph School and is a telecom expert. He immediately set up a telephone service in Fengtian.

As a "telegraph examinee in three northeastern provinces", he led more than 20 technicians to install a German Siemens magnet 50-door telephone exchange in the alley in front of the military department and set up the first telephone line in Shenyang.

At the same time, more than 30 telephones were installed for government agencies in the city, and telephones were opened for official use only.

1906 In July, Shenyang opened a telephone, which was a great event in the communication history of Shenyang.

Fengtian, who was flourishing at that time, realized the importance of talents and robbed people with high salaries in the customs.

Huang, who wanted to set up a telephone line to return to Beijing, was retained by Zhao Erxun and was responsible for the persuasion work in Fengtian.

1908 In March, the number of switches increased to 250, which began to be rented by merchants, and the number of users increased to 150.

19 10 In June, Fengtian Telephone Office was established, and the number of users in the city increased to 243.

The New Deal in the ten years of Qing Dynasty failed to save fate, but it became a dividend of the Republic of China.

19 14 Fengtian telephone general office was established, and 449 of 707 users were shop users.

The landscape of big cities in the Republic of China is not buildings, but a lot of telephone poles. 19 16 years, there were 280 1 poles in Shenyang.

1930, Zhang Xueliang set up an automatic telephone exchange in the south of the Forbidden City, and installed 3,500 Siemens step-by-step (SB) automatic telephone exchanges, increasing the number of users to 2,405.

In the TV series Latent, Yu Zecheng's dial phone is an advanced step phone.

By 1945, the number of telephone users in Shenyang reached 16987.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Soviet army shipped ten thousand telephone exchange equipment and inventory line equipment to Shenyang.

Under the severe damage, the number of telephone users in Shenyang has dropped to less than 10 thousand.