Which of Shenzhen's youth psychological counseling hospitals is the most famous?

China Europe International Psychological Counseling Customer Service Tel: 40066 19885

Psychological counseling refers to the process of using psychological methods to seek solutions for those who have problems in psychological adaptation. People who need to solve problems and come for help are called visitors or customers, and consultants who provide help are called consultants. Visitors tell, ask and discuss their psychological discomfort or obstacles through language, writing and other communication media. With their support and help, we can find out the causes of psychological problems through discussion, analyze the crux of the problem, and then seek the conditions and countermeasures to get rid of the predicament and solve the problem, so as to restore psychological balance, improve the adaptability to the environment and improve physical and mental health.

Regarding the relationship between psychological counseling and psychotherapy, Chen Zhonggeng thinks that there is no essential difference between them, but they are similar in the nature of the relationship, in the process of change and learning, and in the theory of guidance. If there is any difference, it is artificial and not essential [1].

First, the tasks of work are different. The task of psychological counseling mainly lies in promoting growth, emphasizing the development mode, helping visitors to exert their greatest potential, clearing the roadblocks of normal development, and focusing on prevention. Psychotherapy is mostly to make up for the injuries that patients have formed in the past, and to solve and change the structural obstacles to development.

Second, objects and scenes are different. Psychological counseling follows the educational model, and most of the visitors are normal objects, mainly involving daily life problems, and generally work in schools, units, psychological counseling institutions and other scenes. The object of psychotherapy is patients with abnormal psychology, which plays a role in both clinical and medical situations.

Third, the working methods are different. Psychological counseling should involve visitors' living environment in more ways, such as participating in their direct environment, getting in touch with their families and relatives, making more use of daily living facilities (such as telephone consultation), designing and organizing classes and various group activities. The form of psychotherapy is more in pairs.

Fourth, the nature and content of solving problems are different. Psychological counseling is realistic-oriented, involving consciousness issues, such as career choice, training and education, life and work guidance, study counseling and so on. Therefore, cognitive and logical methods are often used. Psychotherapy involves internal personality problems, and more is to deal with the unconscious.

The main schools of psychological counseling

Tourist center psychological consultation

This is a school advocated by Rogers. Its basic assumption is that we have the ability to understand our own problems and the resources to solve them. Therefore, as a consultant, we must pay attention to the constructive and healthy side of visitors themselves. Focus on the real scene directly faced by visitors, and attach importance to visitors' feelings about themselves. The goal of consultation is to let visitors grow and improve by observing themselves, and they can make changes without too much intervention and guidance from consultants. What a consultant needs to give is understanding, sincerity, support, acceptance, relationship and positive evaluation.

Behavioral psychological counseling

Behavioral psychological counseling is based on learning theory and behavioral therapy theory. It holds that people's problem behaviors and symptoms are caused by wrong cognition and study, and advocates that psychological counseling should focus on the current behavior problems of visitors and pay attention to the learning and solution of a special behavior problem in order to promote the change and disappearance of problem behaviors or the acquisition of new behaviors. The founder of behaviorism is Watson, but Pavlov's classical conditioned reflex, Skinner's operating conditioned reflex and Bandura's social learning theory have great influence on psychological counseling.

Pavlov experimented with dogs. When dogs eat, it will cause saliva secretion, which is an unconditional reflex. If you ring the bell for a dog, it won't cause saliva secretion, but if you feed the dog while ringing the bell, the dog will also salivate after hearing the bell several times alone. The stimulus that had nothing to do with saliva secretion-bell-turned into an unconditional stimulus that caused the unconditional reflex of saliva secretion-food signal, and turned into a signal stimulus that caused saliva secretion. If conditioned reflex is not strengthened and maintained, it will fade. For bad habits, psychological problems, psychosomatic disorders, etc. It is formed by unconscious conditioned reflex, and we can use counter-conditioned stimulus to eliminate and repel them in consultation.

Skinner's conditioned reflex refers to the conditioned reflex formed by strengthening the spontaneous activity of animals. Skinner put a hungry mouse in the experimental box. When mice scurry around in the box, they occasionally press the crossbar that can tilt the food to get the food. After several times of strengthening, the conditioning effect quickly formed. In consultation, as long as the counselor rewards the expected behavior, this behavior will be strengthened, otherwise it will fade, and if it is punished, it will accelerate the decline.

Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes the exemplary role of role models, and holds that a lot of human behaviors are obtained by learning from role models. Like the establishment of conditioned reflex, sample learning is also a basic method of human social learning.

There are other commonly used methods of behavioral therapy, such as systematic desensitization, imagination aversion, reinforcement, thinking stop and so on.

Cognitive behavioral psychological counseling

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a group of short-term psychotherapy methods to change bad cognition and eliminate bad emotions and behaviors by changing thinking or beliefs and behaviors. Representative ones are Ellis' rational emotional behavior therapy (REBT), Baker's and Remy's cognitive therapy (CT) and MacKenbaum's cognitive behavior correction technology.

Cognitive therapy is effective for moral degeneration, depravity, guilt and shame. Cognitive therapy is usually used to treat patients with PTSD and emotional or anxiety or personality disorder (antisocial, borderline and narcissistic personality disorder).

Psychological consultation of psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis, also known as psychoanalysis, is generally marked by a study on hysteria published by Freud and Bluel in 1895. It is a method to treat and overcome the influence of motivation conflict in infancy through free association, empathy and explanation of dreams and mistakes.

The application of psychoanalysis in the process of consultation;

(1) Free association: The classic free association is to say whatever the customer thinks. No matter how absurd and insignificant these contents are, no matter how impermissible they are to the existing ethics, including the views on doctors. Don't say everything you think without any worries or constraints.

(2) Impedance: Customers are uncomfortable with communication, and often show being interrupted, hesitant or speechless. Or deliberately avoid some questions, or argue with the counselor. Resistance is a sign of unwillingness to show subconscious content because they are afraid of touching their own "scars". Because this is an unconscious process, customers don't know. Impedance is not easy to break, which is the most difficult process to analyze and deal with, and the most time-consuming reason. It is necessary to have enough patience in the face of impedance consultants, and the appearance of impedance is also an important clue to discover the psychological defense mechanism of the parties.

(3) Empathy: During the meeting, the parties regard the consultant as the object of venting, which is called empathy. Freud believes that empathy is the reappearance of the relationship between the client and his parents in his early years, not his true attitude towards the consultant, but the performance of the client transplanting his early experience to the consultant. Empathy can also be divided into positive empathy and negative empathy. In empathy, the parties often regard the counselor as a special person. At this time, the client may become more dependent on the counselor, demanding a lot, or act like a child in front of the therapist, or fall in love with the therapist. The emergence of empathy is a great challenge to psychological counselors, and the handling and explanation of empathy is also an important therapeutic skill for psychological counselors. Let the customer know that her performances are the reappearance of immature psychology. Empathy is very important for treatment and the most difficult technique to master in analysis.

(4) Interpretation of dreams: This paragraph refers to Freud's interpretation of dreams.

(5) Interpretation, cultivation and comprehension: During the treatment, the counselor gives some explanations to the visitors, but this explanation should be carried out under a good treatment relationship. Some problems are generally not enough to be reminded once. Many problems of customers are manifested in life, so the consultant will remind them in time according to the changes of customers' lives. Continue to help customers solve conflicts, which is called channels. In this long-term treatment, with the advice and help of psychological counselors, the parties gradually realized their own problems.

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