General situation of human geography in China What are the human geography in Fujian?

Fujian is called Fujian for short. Fujian characters first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, Fujian and Bamin, which are abbreviations and nicknames of Fujian province names. "Min" is the original name. Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Nan Jing says: "Fujian is in the sea", which shows that Fujian was still a submerged area in ancient times. Fujian is an alternative barbarian, which is the floorboard of seven tribes living in Fujian at that time. Bamin began in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), in order to strengthen the frontier defense forces, we took the word Fuzhou and the word Jianzhou, and set up a "Fujian military commander" (the title of military attache), which coexisted with Fuzhou Dudufu. This is the first time in history that the name "Fujian" appeared. Fujian is located in the southeast of the motherland, on the coast of the East China Sea. Its land area is between 23 30 ′ and 28 22 ′ north latitude and between 65 438+015 50 ′ and 65 438+020 40 ′ east longitude. It is separated from Taiwan Province Strait in the east, across the sea from Taiwan Province Province, adjacent to Zhejiang Province in the northeast and Jiangxi Province in the northwest. Fujian belongs to East China. Fujian is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, with10.88 million Fujian Chinese living all over the world. Among them, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia have the most overseas Chinese from Fujian. Fujian has a long history and the closest relationship with Taiwan Province Province, and 80% of Taiwan Province compatriots are from Fujian. Fujian is located in the transportation hub of China's East China Sea and South China Sea, and it is one of the closest provinces in China to Southeast Asia, West Asia, East Africa and Oceania.

In the first year of Shang and Yuan Dynasties, Fujian Province was established, which governed the five states of Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. Fujian is named after the first two of the five states. Ming is located in Fujian province. In 2 1 year (733), Tang Kaiyuan established the Fujian Economic Mission, formerly known as Fujian. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 1 state, 5 states and 2 armies, so it was also called "Bamin".

There are two theories about the origin of the eight prefectures in Fujian. One is that Fujian was the land of Fujian in ancient times. The Northern Song Dynasty was divided into eight counties and eight armies, and the Southern Song Dynasty was divided into eight counties, eight counties and eight armies, so the Yuan Dynasty was called Bamin. The other is the statement in Ci Yuan: Fujian Province was divided into Fuzhou, Xinghua, Jianning, Yanping, Tingzhou, Shaowu, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and changed to Eight Houses in the Ming Dynasty, so it was called Fujian Eight Houses. Jian, Yan, Shao and Ting are the upper four governments; Fu, Xing, Zhang, all belong to the next four houses. * * * Eight Houses, commonly known as "Fujian Eight Houses".

Historically, Fujian was the birthplace and trade distribution center of important cultures such as the Maritime Silk Road, Zheng He's voyages to the West and Islam. Fuzhou and Xiamen were once one of the five largest trading ports in China. Quanzhou was once the largest port in the ancient world. Mawei Port at the mouth of Minjiang River is the pioneer of modern shipbuilding industry in China and the cradle of training scientific and technological talents.

Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province. Save the flowers, daffodils.

Land area 1.2 1.4 million square kilometers, of which mountains and hills account for 80% of the land area;

Sea area 136300 km2. The total length of the province's coastline is 6 128 kilometers, of which the mainland line is 3752 kilometers, ranking first in the country. Large and small islands 1546, accounting for the whole country1/6;

There are many natural harbors, such as Xiamen Bay, Fuzhou Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shacheng Port and Sandu 'ao. Fujian has a warm and humid subtropical maritime monsoon climate with mild climate. In most areas, the summer is long, and there is no winter. The annual average temperature is 17-2 1℃, and the average rainfall is 1400-2000mm. mineral resources

Fujian has a complex geological structure. Proven reserves (including minerals) 1 18 species, including 2 energy minerals such as anthracite and geothermal, 3 metal minerals/kloc-0 species, 82 non-metal minerals and water gas minerals/kloc-0 species. Gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese and kaolinite. The reserves and quality of quartz sand are the first in China.

Biological resources

Rich in forest resources, it is one of the key forest areas in China, with a forest area of more than 1 100 million mu, various tree species and a forest coverage rate of 62.96%, ranking second in the country, second only to Taiwan Province Province.

The marine resources are very rich, the inland aquaculture area is about 1000 square kilometers, and the marine fishing ground area is about125,000 square kilometers. There are more than 750 species of fish, accounting for half of the marine fish species in China. In particular, there are many kinds of aquatic products resources, the existing varieties account for more than 50% of the world, the total amount of aquatic products ranks third in the country, and the per capita possession ranks first in the country.

water resource

The territory is densely covered with rivers and rich in water resources.

There are 29 water systems and 663 rivers in the province, with the length of inland rivers reaching 13569 km, and the density of river network is rare in China.

The theoretical hydraulic reserve is 6,543.8+004,600 kilowatts, and the installed capacity is 7.05 million kilowatts, ranking first in East China.

tourist resources

The province is rich in cultural resources and has a large number of increasingly influential tourism brands, including Wuyishan, a perfect combination of mountains and water, and the harmonious unity of man and nature; Gulangyu, a world cultural and natural heritage, known as the sea garden and music island; Mazu pilgrimage culture in Meizhou, which is close to the west coast of Taiwan Strait and gathers Chinese people all over the world; Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road, a world cultural heritage; and Yongding Tulou in Fujian. Famous revolutionary holy land, Shanghang Gutian site, Tanshishan cultural site, the cradle of Fujian ancient culture and marine culture, Ningde Baishui marine wonders, Taining World Geopark, Zhangzhou Volcano Park and many other scenic spots. Pingtan County, the fifth largest island in China, has a winding coastline of 408 kilometers, of which 100 kilometers is a high-quality beach, white sand beach, blue sea water and unique natural features. Fujian is also a famous old liberated area and Soviet area, and western Fujian and eastern Fujian are important revolutionary bases. At that time, there were 10 counties in Fujian Central Soviet Area, and the old liberated areas were distributed in 62 counties (cities). On February 27th, 2009, the population of the whole province was 36.07 million.

According to the statistics of population sampling survey, the population of the whole province continues to grow at a low speed, the degree of population aging is further deepened, the level of population urbanization is constantly improved, education is developing steadily, and the cultural quality of the population is further improved. The family size of urban and rural residents continues to shrink, and the marriage relationship is stable.

population growth

At the end of 2005, the resident population of the province was 35.35 million, an increase of 240,000 or 0.68% over the previous year. The annual birth population was 409,000, and the birth rate was 1 1.60‰. Death population1980,000, with a mortality rate of 5.62 ‰; The population naturally increased by 2 1. 1 10,000, with a natural growth rate of 5.98‰. Compared with last year, the birth rate, mortality rate and natural growth rate are basically the same.

At the end of 2006, the total resident population in the province was 35.58 million, with a net increase of 230,000. The birth population is 425,600, and the birth rate is12.00 ‰; The death population was 203,900, with a mortality rate of 5.75 ‰; The natural growth rate is 6.25‰.

At the end of 2008, the total population of the province was 36.04 million, with a net increase of 230,000. In the whole year, there were 440,000 people born in the province, with a birth rate of 12.2%. The death population was 2 1 1,000, with a mortality rate of 5.9%; The natural growth rate is 6.3%. The level of urbanization is 49.9%.

Composition of population by sex

According to the statistics of population sampling survey, the male population accounts for 50.4% of the total population and the female population accounts for 49.6%. The sex ratio of population (female: 100) is 10 1.4, which is basically normal. But the sex ratio at birth is high, which is 1 15.7.

Population urbanization level

At the end of 2008, the urban population of the whole province was17.98 million, accounting for 49.9% of the total population; Rural population18.06 million, accounting for 50. 1% of the total population. The proportion of urban population increased by 65,438 0.2 percentage points over the previous year's 48.7%.

⊙ Ethnic distribution and population proportion

Fujian is a place where many nationalities live together. Except the Han nationality, ethnic minorities are widely distributed and have a long history. There are 54 ethnic groups in Fujian, and the Han population accounts for the majority. The population of 53 ethnic minorities is 583,800, accounting for 1.7%. Among the population of ethnic minorities, she nationality is the largest; There are about 350 thousand people, accounting for more than half of the population of She nationality in China. The Hui population also has more than 10,000. Ethnic minorities in the province are mainly distributed in Ningde, followed by Fuzhou and Quanzhou, among which Fuan, Xiapu, Fuding, Zhangpu, Jiaocheng, Luoyuan, Jinjiang, Hui 'an, Lianjiang and Zhouning are ten thousand counties and cities.

educational level

In 2006, there were 66 universities in the province, including 53 ordinary universities, 3 adult universities 10, and independent colleges (private)10 run by ordinary universities. The province has enrolled 8,200 graduate students, 22,800 graduate students and 4,600 graduates. General higher education enrolls1517,000 students, 46 students1300 students and 95,000 graduates. The enrollment of various secondary vocational education is 2.3 million110,000, with 5710.8 million students and 0.510.3 million graduates. Ordinary high schools enrolled 274,654.38+0.00 students, 780,400 students and 206,543.8+0.08 million graduates. Junior high school enrolled 523,700 students, with students/kloc-0 1.6503 million and graduates of 602,300. Ordinary primary schools enrolled 4 1.24 million students, with 2.69% students.

220,000 people, 526 1 10,000 graduates. There are 35,200 students receiving special education. There are 876,5438+065,438+00,000 children in kindergartens. [Edit this paragraph] Fujian economy (1) GDP of this region

In 2008, the province's GDP exceeded 1 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching10863.1/billion yuan, an increase of 13%. Among them,

The added value of the primary industry1157.75 million yuan, an increase of 4.8%;

The added value of the secondary industry was 5.4157.7 billion yuan, an increase of15.2%;

The added value of the tertiary industry was 424.959 billion yuan, an increase of 12. 1%.

Per capita GDP is 30 132 yuan, with an increase of 12.2%.

Quarterly, the growth rate was 13.4% in the first quarter, 13.8% in the first half of the year and 13.6% in the first three quarters.

The per capita disposable income of urban residents is 17850 yuan, with real growth of10.1%; The per capita net income of farmers was 6 180 yuan, with a real increase of 7.8%.

(2) the proportion of GDP

Continue to adjust the industrial structure:

The proportion of primary industry decreased slightly compared with the previous year.

The secondary industry continues to grow,

The tertiary industry has developed steadily.

The proportion of the three industries was adjusted from 10.8: 49.2: 40.0 in the previous year to 10.7: 50.0: 39.3.

The overall consumer price level rose by 4.6% over the previous year, of which the service price dropped by 3.0%. Quarterly, it rose by 6.3% in the first quarter, by 6.4% in the first half and by 5.6% in the first three quarters. The retail price of commodities rose by 5.7%. The investment price of fixed assets rose by 5.9%. The ex-factory price of industrial products rose by 2.7%. The purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power increased 10.2%. The production price of agricultural products rose 10.7%. The prices of agricultural means of production rose by 23.6%. Housing sales prices in Fuzhou, Xiamen and Quanzhou rose by 3.9%, 2.7% and 2.6% respectively.

(3) Fiscal revenue

In 2008, the total fiscal revenue of the whole province was15163.3 billion yuan, an increase of 23.348 billion yuan or 18.2% over the previous year. The province's fiscal expenditure11337.9 billion yuan (including the central special expenditure and the expenditure carried over from the previous year), an increase of 223 14 billion yuan or 24.5% over the previous year. The revenue of provincial government funds was 56.268 billion yuan, accounting for 7.4 1% of the budget, a decrease of1282.5 billion yuan or 18.6% compared with the previous year. The expenditure of provincial government funds was 57.6665438 billion yuan, a decrease of 4.675 billion yuan or 7.5% over the previous year.

(4) Agriculture

In 2008, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was196.505438+0 billion yuan, an increase of 5. 1% over the previous year, with an increase of 0.9 percentage points over the previous year.

Grain planting area1815410000 mu, an increase of 138400 mu over the previous year, of which rice area 129 18300 mu decreased by1. Tobacco planting area 1009200 mu, an increase of 64700 mu; Oil planting area 16 10400 mu, an increase of 87,300 mu; Vegetable planting area was 9,659,800 mu, increasing by126,400 mu. The annual grain output was 65.22110,000 tons, an increase of 1.7 1.5 million tons over the previous year, with an increase of 2.7%, including 5088 1.6% for rice.

(5) Industry and construction industry

In 2008, the province's industrial added value was 475.545 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2% over the previous year, of which the industrial added value above designated size was 41390.6 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7%. The sales rate of products was 97.28%, down 0.60 percentage points from the previous year. Among the industrial enterprises above designated size, the added value of state-owned enterprises, foreign investors, enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen and joint-stock enterprises were 20.227 billion yuan, 204.564 billion yuan and 65.438+062.636 billion yuan, up by 2.8%, 654.38+02.8% and 22.8% respectively.

There are 100 famous brand products in China; Eight geographical indication products were added, totaling 3 1. The number of famous brand products and geographical indication products in China ranks fifth in China. Fujian famous brand products 5 1 1 piece, a total of 13 16 pieces, an increase of 28.2%.

(6) Investment in fixed assets

In 2008, the fixed assets investment of the whole society in the province was 528.682 billion yuan, up by 22.3% over the previous year, of which urban investment increased by 265.438 0.2% and rural investment increased by 32.65 4.38 0%.

(7) Domestic trade

In 2008, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the province was 382.804 billion yuan, an increase of 20. 1% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth was 13.6%.

In terms of urban and rural areas, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 2581.1.300 million yuan, an increase of 22.8%; Retail sales of consumer goods at or below the county level 1, 246.9 1 100 million yuan, an increase of 1.4%.

(8) Foreign economy

In 2008, the total import and export volume of the province was US$ 84.832 billion, an increase of 65.438+03.9% over the previous year. Among them, the export was US$ 56.986 billion, up by141%; Imports reached US$ 27.846 billion, up by 13.6%. Exports exceeded imports by $29,654.38+$0.4 billion, an increase of $3.709 billion over the previous year.

Telephone ownership rate

In 2006, the total post and telecommunications business was 64.093 billion yuan, an increase of 265.438 0.0% over the previous year. Among them, the total postal business was 2.793 billion yuan, an increase of 9.1%; The total telecom business was 6010.30 billion yuan, up by 210.6%. The telecom industry completed its main business income of 23.872 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+00.5%; The profit was 496,543,809 yuan, up 65,438+05.7% year-on-year. Add 750,000 fixed telephone exchanges with a total capacity of 194 1 10,000; The capacity of mobile exchange is 22.97 million, the capacity of mobile packet data network is 6.5438+0.97 million, and the capacity of mobile short message center is 29.62 million. There were 870,000 new fixed telephone users, reaching14.86 million by the end of the year. There were 2.37 million new mobile phone users, reaching15.39 million by the end of the year. At the end of the year, the total number of fixed-line and mobile phone users reached 30.25 million, an increase of 3.24 million over the end of the previous year. The telephone penetration rate in the province is 85.58/100 people. There were 7,765,438+data and multimedia users, an increase of 1.73 million, and the penetration rate of data and multimedia users reached 2 1.8%. There were 3.04 million broadband access ports, an increase of 460,000 over the end of last year.

Radio and television

There are radio stations 10, 36 medium and short wave transmitters and relays, 89 FM transmitters and relays, and 85 sets of radio programs, with a comprehensive population coverage rate of 96.99%; There are TV stations 10, TV transmitting stations and relay stations above 1 kW 15, and 36 TV programs. The comprehensive coverage rate of TV population is 98. 13%. There are 4,284,600 cable TV users, and the total length of cable broadcast TV network is124,600 km. The provincial satellite TV is Fujian Southeast Satellite TV.

Fujian TV Channel:

1, Fujian Satellite TV Integrated Channel; 2. Southeast Satellite TV; 3. Fujian TV public channel; 4. Fujian TV News Channel; 5. Fujian TV drama channel;

6. Fujian TV City Channel; 7. Fujian TV Economic Channel; 8. Fujian TV Sports Channel; 9. Fujian TV Children's Channel, 10, Fujian TV Satellite TV, 1 1, Fujian TV International Channel. [Edit this paragraph] Fujian traffic:

Lugong

By the end of 2007, the province's highway mileage was 86,926 kilometers, including expressway 1.366 kilometers, high-grade highway above Grade II was 8,329 kilometers, national highway was 400 kilometers, and provincial highway below Grade II was 2,792 kilometers. The highway density is 7 1.6km/ 100km2.

aviation

There are currently six airports in Fujian.

Xiamen Gao Qi International Airport; Fuzhou Changle International Airport; Quanzhou Jinjiang Airport; Nanping Wuyishan Airport; Longyan Liancheng Airport; Golden Gate Airport.

Sanming airport will be completed soon; Putian airport will be completed soon.

Fujian traffic

transport by water

The navigation mileage of inland waterway reaches 3245 kilometers. There are 524 productive berths in the province, including 78 berths above 10,000 tons, and the port throughput of the province is 654.38+42 million tons, of which the container throughput is 57 1000 TEU. . Xiamen Port has become one of the top ten container ports in China. Thirty-six international liner routes have been opened, with cargo exchanges with more than 70 ports in the world and business relations with more than 200 countries and regions. Fuzhou, Xiamen and Kaohsiung ports opened pilot projects for direct sea flights, and Fujian coastal areas carried out direct air exchanges with Jinmen and Mazu.

Tielu road

By the end of 2006, the railway mileage of the whole province was 1625 km, and there were 5 railway passages inside and outside the province.

Operating railways:

Yingtan-Xiamen Railway:

From yingtan, Jiangxi to Xiamen, Fujian, the total length is 694 kilometers, and the length of Fujian section is 604 kilometers. 1954 started and 1957 was completed. On August 26th 1986, the electrification transformation began, and on February 26th 1993, the whole line was electrified.

Waifu Railway:

Nanping, Fujian to Fuzhou, Fujian, with a total length of 186.6 km, started in March 1956 and was completed in April 1959. In 2000 165438+ 10/0, the electrified railway was reconstructed.

Hengnan Railway:

It is 470 kilometers from Hengfeng in Jiangxi to Nanping in Fujian. 1started construction on June 30th, 993 1 1, opened to traffic on February 30th 1997. It is planned to complete the transformation of electrified railway in June 2009. [Edit this paragraph] Fujian specialties Fuzhou specialties: olive, Fuju, longan, Fujian ginger, hibiscus plum, jasmine tea, bodiless lacquerware, wood painting, wood carving, paper umbrella, shell carving, porcelain, etc.

Quanzhou specialties: all kinds of melons and fruits, famous wood flowers, Dehua porcelain, Hui 'an stone carving, Anxi oolong tea (Anxi Tieguanyin), Laofanzhiwan Yingshenqu, Yongchun vinegar, Yuanhetang candied fruit, Quanzhou puppet head, Yongchun lacquer basket, artificial flowers, etc.

Zhangzhou specialties: "three famous flowers" such as narcissus, camellia and orchid, and "six famous fruits" such as citrus, litchi, banana, longan, grapefruit and pineapple; There are also various dried seafood, Pien Tze Huang, Babao Indy, Pien Tze Huang, pearl paste, Zhenbei lacquer decorative board, Narcissus brand wind oil essence, Zhangzhou puppet show and so on.

Xiamen specialties: all kinds of subtropical melons and fruits, pies, fish-skin peanuts, Bodhi pills, olives, Xiamen bead embroidery, lacquered carving, Xiamen colored plastic, Xiamen porcelain plastic, mushroom sauce, Xiamen medicated wine, dried seafood, etc.

Nanping specialties: rich in dried bamboo shoots, mushrooms, Wuyi rock tea, Jian 'ou salted duck, Jianlian, Beiyuan tribute tea, northern Fujian citrus, root carving, bamboo weaving crafts, Zhenghe Kung Fu tea, Jianzhan, Castanea henryi, Ganoderma lucidum, Fu Nan battery, etc.

Putian specialties: litchi, longan, Jinsha Coix seed, Xianyou preserved eggs, flat food, barbecue, Putian noodles, Xinghua rice noodles, lacquered wooden bowls, Xianyou wood carvings, etc.

Longyan specialties: Baguazhang series, Hejiang, Shanma duck, etc.

Sanming specialties: red mushroom, Shaxian snack, Shaxian Xiamaodong wine, Shaxian Zhenghu salted duck, Yong 'an snack, Mingxi dried meat, Youxi Guanqian kumquat, Ninghua dried mouse, Jiangle Leicha, Jianning lotus seed, Datian bone snack series, etc.

Ningde specialties: hibiscus plum, Gutian edible fungi, bamboo weaving, tea, red yeast, scissors and so on. [Edit this paragraph] History and culture Fujian has a long history, and there were human activities in primitive society. It belongs to a branch of the ancient Yue nationality and is called "Dongyue". During the Warring States Period, the State of Yue was defeated by Chu soldiers. Some of Yue's royal family fled south to Fujian and southern Zhejiang, and their descendants merged with Fujian people to become "Minyue people". After Qin Shihuang unified China in 22 1 BC, Fujian established Minzhong County, which first appeared on Chinese territory as an administrative division. There were five countries in the middle of the Tang Dynasty: Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. In the 21st year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 733), border defense was strengthened; Set up "Fujian Economic Group". Thus came the word "Fujian". In the Five Dynasties, the king of Fujian established Fujian according to Fujian, which basically laid the provincial boundaries later. Fujian is also called "Eight Fujian". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Fujian built the L government, five states and two armies, and the government, state and army were administrative agencies at the same level, a total of eight, so it was called "Eight Min". After the Song Dynasty, the old system was basically continued. In the 23rd year of Kangxi (A.D. 1684), Taiwan Province was added, and in the 12th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1886), another province was established. In the late Qing Dynasty, Fujian * * * had 9 prefectures, 2 states, 58 counties and 6 halls. After the Revolution of 1911, in the second year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 13), the prefecture-level system was abolished and a three-level system of provinces, prefectures and counties was established. After several adjustments, before liberation, there were 2 cities, 7 administrative supervision areas and 67 counties in the province. 1949 After the liberation of Fujian, there were 2 cities, 8 districts and 67 counties in Fujian. 195 1, add Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, and entrust the agency to lead. In the following 20 years, the administrative divisions were adjusted several times. Since the reform and opening up, Fujian has adjusted its administrative divisions according to its own characteristics, and the region has been changed to prefecture-level cities, forming a system of cities with counties. By the end of 2o00, there were 9 provincial cities in the province, including 4 county-level cities/kloc-0, 25 municipal districts and 46 counties (including kinmen county).