International Peace Day handwritten newspaper pictures are concise and beautiful.

Maintaining international peace and security is one of the main purposes of the United Nations. Since its establishment, the United Nations has often been asked to prevent disputes from escalating into wars, to persuade opposing parties to resolve disputes through negotiation instead of resorting to force, or to help restore peace after conflicts break out. For decades, through the efforts of the Security Council, the United Nations has helped the parties concerned to end numerous conflicts. The Security Council is the main organ of the United Nations devoted to international peace and security.

In the 1990s, the end of the Cold War led to the formation of a brand-new world security environment, the main feature of which was that wars mainly occurred within countries, not between countries. 2 1 At the beginning of the century, new global threats appeared. The September 1 1 and 200 1 terrorist attacks in the United States clearly show that international terrorism has challenged the international community, and subsequent events have intensified people's concerns about the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the dangers from other unconventional weapons, casting a shadow over the lives of people all over the world.

Agencies and organizations of the United Nations system immediately mobilized to take prompt action to combat terrorism within their respective mandates. On 28 September of the same year, the Security Council adopted a comprehensive resolution in accordance with the enforcement provisions contained in the Charter of the United Nations. The resolution aims to stop providing funds to terrorist organizations, criminalize fund-raising for terrorist purposes and immediately freeze the financial assets of terrorists. The Security Council also established a Counter-Terrorism Committee to oversee the implementation of the resolution.

In addition, the United Nations has also adjusted and strengthened various traditional means that can be freely used, such as adjusting peacekeeping operations to meet new challenges; Actively encourage regional organizations to participate in United Nations operations and strengthen post-conflict peaceful reconstruction. Internal conflicts have caused complex problems about how the international community should respond, including the thorny issue of how to provide the best assistance to war victims.

In response to internal conflicts, the United Nations Security Council authorized the implementation of complex and creative peacekeeping operations. In El Salvador, Guatemala, Cambodia and Mozambique, the United Nations played an important role in ending conflicts and promoting reconciliation.

However, some conflicts of other nature, such as ethnic conflicts in Somalia, Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia, have brought new challenges to the role of the United Nations as a mediator. Because of the complexity of the issues involved in these conflicts, the Security Council has not taken any new peacekeeping operations. However, before long, the important role of the United Nations was emphasized again. At the end of the 20th century, the crises in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, East Timor, Kosovo and Sierra Leone persisted, and the Security Council sent five more missions to this end.

Since then, the Security Council has dispatched the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE, 2000), the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET, 2002, ending its mandate), the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL, 2003), the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB, 2004) and the United Nations Operation in C? te d 'Ivoire (UNOCI, 2004).

Our experience has made the United Nations pay more attention to peace-building than ever before. Peacebuilding refers to providing support to organizations that strengthen and consolidate peace. Past experience shows that only by helping the countries concerned to promote economic development, social justice, respect for human rights, good governance and speeding up the democratic process can lasting peace be established. No institution has the multilateral experience, ability, coordination and impartiality to do these tasks like the United Nations. In addition to carrying out peace-building tasks, such as missions to East Timor and Kosovo, the United Nations has established peace-building support offices in the Central African Republic, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Tajikistan.

The Security Council, the General Assembly and the Secretary-General of the United Nations play important complementary roles in promoting peace and security. The activities carried out by the United Nations to maintain international peace and security mainly involve the following five areas: conflict prevention; Make peace; Peacekeeping; Enforcement; Building peace. These different kinds of peacekeeping means can be effectively implemented through joint application or simultaneous application.

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