2017 National Malaria Day promotional materials, 2017 National Malaria Day promotional materials

Publicity materials for National Malaria Day 2017

1. What kind of disease is malaria?

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasitizing the human body and transmitted by the vector Anopheles mosquito. , causing a parasitic disease characterized by symptoms such as periodic chills, fever, sweating, and signs such as splenomegaly and anemia. It is divided into four types: vivax malaria, falciparum malaria, malaria malariae, and malaria ovale.

2. How is malaria spread?

When the female vector Anopheles mosquito bites the blood of a person carrying Plasmodium, the Plasmodium enters the mosquito body with the blood, and in suitable temperature conditions Next, Plasmodium develops and reproduces to form sporozoites. The sporozoites that enter the mosquito's salivary glands enter the human body with the saliva when the mosquito bites blood again and spread malaria. Malaria can also be transmitted by transfusion of blood from a person with Plasmodium parasites or by using a syringe contaminated by blood from a person with Plasmodium parasites. Plasmodium can also be passed to the fetus across the placenta, but this is less common.

There are many species of Anopheles mosquitoes, but only a few species can transmit malaria under natural conditions. Among the more than 60 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known in my country, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles anthropophila, Anopheles parvum and Anopheles major are recognized as the main vectors of malaria in my country.

3. What are the epidemic characteristics of malaria?

Globally, malaria is widely prevalent in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions between 60° north latitude and 30° south latitude. Currently, malaria is prevalent in Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, Pacific Island countries and other regions, and falciparum malaria is the main type.

In my country, malaria has historically been prevalent in the vast areas south of southern Liaoning Province, except for the northwest deserts, arid areas and high-altitude areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among them, only vivax malaria is prevalent north of 33° north latitude, and the prevalence is low in most areas; vivax malaria and falciparum malaria are prevalent between 25° and 33° north latitude, with a high prevalence; vivax malaria and falciparum malaria are prevalent south of 25° north latitude, with a low prevalence higher.

Currently, the country is divided into high-transmission areas, including the border areas of Yunnan and the central and southern mountainous areas of Hainan, where the epidemic is still serious, with vivax and falciparum malaria prevalent; and areas with unstable epidemics, including Anhui and Hubei. In some areas of Henan, Henan, Jiangsu, Guizhou and other provinces, the epidemic situation is still unstable, with local or spot outbreaks from time to time. In areas where the epidemic is basically under control, including areas other than the above two areas, the epidemic has been brought under control, with only scattered cases of vivax malaria. onset.