Planting techniques of oil peony

Peony planting should choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, soft soil, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage and neutral pH value. Clay, coarse sandy soil, acidic and alkaline soil and low-lying waterlogged land are not suitable.

② planting season

The agricultural proverb says, "Seven peonies, eight peonies." This is the best planting time for peony and peony. Peony in Luoyang and other places should be planted after the autumnal equinox and before the cold dew, that is, from September 20 to June 10, about 20 days before and after the National Day. If planted after the autumnal equinox, new roots can continue to grow for one and a half months.

③ Planting method

(1) Land preparation: before the end of August, apply 5 ~ 8 cubic meters of farm manure or 3 ~ 4 cubic meters of fully decomposed manure to the selected plots, or apply 150 ~ 200 kilograms of cake manure or decomposed chicken manure per mu); 3 ~ 5 kg carbofuran or methyl parathion particles are used per mu, mixed with 2 ~ 3 times of fine sand, and spread evenly to prevent and control underground pests or nematodes. Deep ploughing and raking, flat planting. Ridges can also be ridged according to the terrain to facilitate irrigation.

(2) Planting: before planting, cut off the broken roots and diseased roots, then treat the peony with drugs to make a mixed solution of 500-800 times of thiophanate-methyl and 700-900 times of methyl isocarbophos emulsifiable concentrate, soak the peony in the drugs for 15 minutes, and hang the peony roots with mud sticks (liquid medicine and mud) during planting. Dig a hole with a depth of 50 cm and a crown diameter of 50 cm. Put the peony in the into the pit and fill it with fine soil. After half filling, gently lift the peony seedlings to facilitate the full development of the roots, and then fill the soil in layers so that the original soil in the rhizosphere is flush with the ground or about 3 cm below the ground. Too shallow and too deep is not appropriate. After planting, water it. Surrounded by mounds to keep warm and moist, and to survive the winter safely. There is an agricultural proverb that says: "The pit should be big, the roots should be straight, and half of the buried soil should be lifted upwards;" After practical use, water will be supported again. "

The row spacing of the ornamental garden should be1.5 ~ 2.0m. The row spacing of the production breeding garden is 60-70cm, the catalytic garden is 70-80cm, and the width of the flower cutting garden is appropriate, 80cm and 60cm.

(4) Site management

① Loosening and weeding: Peony land should be carefully managed, among which hoeing and intertillage weeding are very important. There is a saying in the agricultural proverb: "There is water and fire in the hoe" and "There are weeds in the dry land and dried grass in the wetland". Cutting grass can loosen soil, prevent drought and keep moisture, increase ground temperature in early spring, and accelerate evaporation of soil moisture in rainy season. Mow the ground two or three times before flowering in spring, mainly to prevent drought and conserve moisture; It is rainy and overgrown with weeds in summer, so you should hoe the ground many times. If there is grass, you should hoe it to keep moisture and disperse it. Before winter, the soil between peony rows should be deeply turned about 30 cm, which is beneficial to sterilization, soil weathering and fertility increase.

Fat water: Peony likes fat. Generally, topdressing is needed 2 ~ 3 times a year from the second year after planting. The first time is in the first half of March to ensure the rapid growth of new branches and the development of nutritious buds. Mainly quick-acting fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2∶2∶ 1 or 2∶ 1∶ 1, about 15 kg per mu. The second time is after flowering (mid-May), when many nutrients are consumed by flowering. After flowering, the leaves are fully developed and the flower buds begin to differentiate. The third time, before the soil was frozen in early June at 5438+065438+ 10, it not only improved the soil fertility, but also contributed to the wintering protection of peony. Two or three-year-old peony plants are small, which can be applied in holes or ditches between plants, and large plants can be spread, and then fertilizer can be turned into the soil. There are many kinds of fertilizers, including manure, manure, sesame oil residue and cake fertilizer (bean cake, rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake). Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed and fermented before it can be used, so as to avoid burning roots and worms. In addition, you can also use commercially available compound fertilizers, such as Huaduoduo. No matter what fertilizer is applied, it should be used in rotation every year, so the effect is better. Generally, the dosage per mu is 75 kg of compound fertilizer (different brands have different effective fertilizer contents, please refer to its description). Dry manure1000g, bean cake or cottonseed cake100 ~150kg, and other organic fertilizers 200 ~ 250kg. Apply 2000 kg/mu of decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer before winter. If conditions permit, topdressing can also be carried out before and after flowering, such as using 0.2% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spraying Bao or other trace fertilizers.

Fertilization should be combined with watering. If you encounter soil drought during the growing period, you should replenish water in time. In case of water accumulation in rainy season, ditch should be dug to drain water in time, or damaged plants should be dug up, and rotten parts should be cut off before planting. Water should be done in the morning and evening in summer, and when the weather is warm in spring and early winter.

③ Shaping and pruning: In order to keep the plants with balanced branches and graceful and symmetrical plant shapes, keep the coordinated growth of the aboveground and underground parts, ventilate and transmit light, and reduce the breeding of diseases, it is necessary to start shaping in the spring of the following year after planting.

Fixed column branch (that is, the main branch selected): the number of branches selected depends on the variety, plant cluster size and cultivation purpose. Flourishing varieties, such as Luoyanghong and Zhao Fen, can leave 5 ~ 7 branches per plant. Varieties with weak growth and poor branching ability, such as Saixueta and Zhongshenghei, can be kept for growth. For trees over five years old, you can choose to leave more than nine branches. When the old branches are damaged, they can be replaced by sprouted branches.

Select and keep the flower branches and remove other redundant branches: generally, only one flower branch is selected for the top branch, especially the dwarf peony; However, vigorous growth and high plant type can leave 1 ~ 2 evenly distributed flower branches.

Remove budding branches in time: budding branches are soil buds formed by adventitious buds at the base of plants. Except for the regeneration of old branches or the propagation of autumn ramets, a certain number of soil buds should be kept and everything else should be removed. This operation should be done sooner rather than later, so as not to consume too much nutrients in the mother plant, and the soil buds should be completely cut off.

In addition, the residual flowers should be removed in time, and it is best not to leave seeds for peony varieties. Before winter, cut off the non-lignified parts of branches and other branches with uncoordinated growth.

⑤ pest control

High temperature and high humidity in summer do serious harm to pests and diseases, and should be prevented in time. We should adhere to the principle of putting prevention first and combining prevention with treatment. Take comprehensive prevention and control measures in specific arrangements.

① Spraying foliar protectant: About two weeks after flowering, spray 0.5% lime equivalent Bordeaux solution on the foliage to prevent germs from invading the leaves. Generally, the drug effect can last for about two weeks, and it can be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times.

(2) Spraying fungicides and pesticides: Spraying fungicides at an appropriate time after flowers wither, that is, in late May, when the season of high temperature and high humidity is about to enter. It is beneficial to control peony leaf spot and other diseases, and the mixed solution of chlorothalonil and toxic mildew wettable powder has better effect. These two insecticides are systemic and contact-killing, and their combination can effectively kill many kinds of germs. Copper and zinc can be sprayed again 15 days after spraying, and the effect is better. From July to August, fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, chlorothalonil and triamcinolone acetonide can be sprayed 3-4 times, generally once every 7 ~ 10 days. If there are leaf-eating pests such as scarabs, appropriate amount of cypermethrin insecticide can be added when spraying fungicides.

③ Prevention and control of root diseases and insect pests: In recent years, root rot, grubs and termites were found to be serious, and root-knot nematodes were also found. Prevention and control measures: drill 2-4 holes in the soil around the root of peony, and pour some chemicals such as aluminum phosphide or methyl parathion into the holes to kill pests and diseases. You can also dig an annular ditch (about 5 cm deep) around the peony and sprinkle carbofuran (3-5 grams per plant). The effective way to control underground pests is to avoid using immature organic fertilizer. In places where grubs are seriously harmful, black lights should be set up in spring to trap and kill adults (scarabs).

④ Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases: In recent years, viral diseases have spread everywhere, so we should pay attention to their identification. The diseased plants should be destroyed in time and the soil should be disinfected. Before winter, fallen leaves should be cleaned, buried or destroyed.

(6) Land rotation

Peony should avoid continuous cropping, and peony planting area should arrange rotation.

Peony is planted in the field for 3-5 years. After the peony seedlings are transplanted, the stubble should be removed in the planting area, and the depth should be more than 60 cm, and all the residual peony roots should be cleaned up, then the soil should be prepared and other crops should be planted. There are usually two ways to rotate:

① Rotation: mainly planting wheat or corn. Wheat was planted in 1 1 year and can be harvested in June of the following year. You can also grow sweet potatoes, peanuts, sesame seeds and green onions. Bean crops are easy to induce scarab injury and should be avoided.

② Other seedling rotation: According to the experience of Heze, Shandong Province, trees such as Sophora japonica, Luan tree and Platanus acerifolia can also be planted in peony field or flowering shrubs can be planted after stubble cleaning. It is best to plant Sophora japonica, because Sophora japonica is alkali-resistant and can absorb some saline-alkali in the soil.