What serious "Left" mistakes did the workers and peasants make during the Wuhan government period?

Wang Jingwei established the Nanjing National Government, that is, the period of anti-puppet government. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek established the Wuhan National Government in Wuhan, which was opposite to the Nanjing National Government. Later, the two governments merged and Chiang Kai-shek became president, which was the famous confluence of Nanjing and Han in history.

In the urban workers' movement and the rural farmers' movement, apart from the right mainstream, there are also "left" deviations. In the economic struggle, urban workers and shop assistants put forward excessive demands on national industrialists and businessmen: annual dividend distribution system; Compulsory employment of unemployed workers; Sick pay is paid as usual; Paying double wages and so on has exceeded the limit of social and economic development. Unrestricted strikes, processions and assemblies, workers absent from work, no one asked. As a result, the economic interests of shopkeepers and owners have been infringed, leading to the closure of enterprises, a sharp increase in unemployment, a shortage of goods and soaring prices. In addition, trade unions sometimes arrest people casually and parade in the streets wearing high hats; Unauthorized closure of factories and shops and seizure of goods; Forced settlement of labor disputes, and even arbitrary arrest. This makes the middle class feel scared, which is not conducive to uniting the majority and isolating the reactionaries.

In the rural revolution, there are also shortcomings in some specific strategic issues. For example, listing vagrants as revolutionary pioneers only pays attention to their revolutionary side and ignores their destructive side; It is believed that there is no United front in the countryside during the revolutionary period, and the actions of the peasant masses in this period do not need policy constraints, and they do not need to form a United front to attack the main enemies without paying attention to uniting the majority. Put forward the universal law that "overcorrection must be correct, and overcorrection is not correct", so that the slogan from "overcorrection" to "all the land is rich, no gentry is not bad" was widely circulated for a while and was written as a slogan everywhere, which had a great influence. These shortcomings in the party's guiding strategy have led to the arbitrary designation of local tyrants and evil gentry, arbitrary arrest, arbitrary fines, arbitrary beatings, even summary execution, deportation, and so on in the rural revolution. In Gu Mi, it is forbidden to plough flat and squeeze sugar to make wine, which makes businessmen, middle peasants and small-scale craftsmen feel disgusted and makes ordinary farmers feel inconvenient. The government refused to pay the land tax, because the landlord was dissatisfied with the measures taken to stop it on the pretext that Gu Mi could not be sold and that military rations were difficult to buy. In addition, the movement also hit the families of a few northern expedition officers, causing their disgust and dissatisfaction. Although these are tributaries of the movement, they are not conducive to consolidating and expanding the rural United front and isolating the target to the maximum extent.

The above-mentioned "Left" deviations in urban and rural areas are often used by counter-revolutionary bonuses to incite anti-* * emotions, undermine revolutionary unity, split revolutionary ranks, and aggravate the situation.

13 In May, Xia Douyin, the first 14 independent division commander stationed in Yichang in the upper reaches of Wuhan, was instigated by Chiang Kai-shek, who electrified Chiang Kai-shek to oppose * * * and led his troops eastward. 17 occupied tingsi bridge, and 19 entered the vicinity of Wuchang, causing a great earthquake in Wuhan. Ye Ting was ordered to lead an army to wage a fierce battle with Xia Jun. A few days later, he entered Tingsi Bridge and lifted the siege of Wuchang. 18 on that day, I left for the front line all night, and the outcome was unclear, making people panic. That evening, Shen Yanbing went to Qu Qiubai to inquire about the front news. "It was after midnight, and I saw Qiu Bai interacting with Chen Gongbo. They are also waiting for news from Ye Ting, but Chen Gongbo is drinking to drown her sorrows, but Qiu Bai is calm and solemn; Qiu Bai firmly believed that Ye Ting would win the battle, but he also considered that if there was a stalemate for many days, Wuhan could not be without the army's vault, and he also considered whether to transfer the Fourth Army back from the front line in Henan. By dawn, the news of victory finally came, and everyone breathed a sigh of relief. "

1927, Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism led to the failure of the national revolution.

He was frightened by the reactionary countercurrent of the Kuomintang Rightists. Not only did he dare not support the vigorous peasant movement, but he also accused and obstructed the peasant movement and refused to accept the correct ideas put forward by Mao Zedong and others. In order to accommodate the Kuomintang Rightists, we voluntarily gave up the peasants, the most reliable ally, and the leadership over the peasants, the urban petty bourgeoisie and the middle bourgeoisie, especially the military. In the United front, he advocated all unity, denied struggle, and adopted a compromise and surrender attitude towards the conspiracy activities of the Kuomintang Rightists against the people. Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup on April 12th, Guangdong reactionaries launched a counter-revolutionary coup on April 15th, and Xu Kexiang created Ma Ri incident in Hunan. The revolution has reached a critical juncture. Chen Duxiu ordered the peasant self-defense forces fighting against the Xu Kexiang rebellion to stop the armed struggle, ordered the dissolution of the Wuhan workers' picket and handed over the workers' and peasants' armed forces. 1On June 30th, 927, Chen Duxiu and others formulated the capitulationist platform of 1 1 on state-to-state cooperation at the enlarged meeting of the CPC Central Committee. Wang Ching-wei stepped up his conspiracy and rebellion unscrupulously, and finally launched a counter-revolutionary coup on July 15th, brutally suppressing the workers and peasants movement, which led to the failure of the Great Revolution.

On May 4th, 2004, the second day of Xia Douyin's uprising, Qu Qiubai put forward the possible opportunism danger within the China proletariat in his article "On Three Major Issues of China Revolution", pointing out that there are a large number of vagrant proletarians and millions of small industrialists in China, and the proletarians in China have a long-term relationship with these elements and bankrupt farmers, which is inevitably influenced by anarchism. At the same time, it is pointed out that the proletariat should use all its strength to consolidate our influence on the petty bourgeoisie; It can be said with certainty that "whoever gets petty bourgeoisie will win". Specifically, we point out that the way to win over the petty bourgeoisie is not only to prevent shop assistants and apprentices from interfering in internal business affairs and prohibiting people from being arrested without reason, but also to put forward practical programs to improve their living conditions, such as reducing exorbitant taxes, organizing commodity sales societies, organizing cooperatives to buy raw materials and produce cheap consumer goods, and organizing lending institutions ... The Federation of Industry and Commerce should be alert to the demands of the petty bourgeoisie and satisfy them as much as possible. The alliance with the petty bourgeoisie does not necessarily have to sacrifice the interests of the proletariat in exchange; Past experience tells us that the petty bourgeoisie has not set irreconcilable obstacles to the demands of the working class for a better life. Qu Qiubai's opinion is undoubtedly applicable to correct the "Left" deviation in the rural revolution. However, at that time, when the right-wing mistakes in the party gradually occupied the leading position of the whole party, correcting the "Left" was often "overkill" and turned right, which further contributed to the right-wing mistakes in the party.

At that time, there were also "left" and "right" swing problems in the analysis of class relations and revolutionary camps within the party. One of the manifestations of "Left" is to regard Chiang Kai-shek's rebellion as the rebellion of the whole national bourgeoisie and treat the national bourgeoisie and even the petty bourgeoisie and the big bourgeoisie equally. In fact, Chiang Kai-shek is already a representative of the big bourgeoisie, although on the surface he cheated with the reformism of the national bourgeoisie. One of the manifestations of the right deviation is to regard Wang Jingwei, who is actually a representative of the comprador bourgeoisie, as a representative of the petty bourgeoisie and a revolutionary leftist at first. After Wang Ching-wei defected, he said that the petty bourgeoisie had completely defected to the revolution. These mistakes all reflect the immaturity of the party in its infancy, and of course there are objective factors such as incorrect guidance from foreign countries, but mainly because of its own naivety.

The August 7th meeting of the Party corrected and ended Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism mistake.