Let bygones be bygones, a romantic figure, depends on the significance of the present.

In Mao Zedong's poems, there is an exclamation, which is translated as follows: the ancient emperors have passed, and it depends on those who criticize the current situation, but also on the present and the people.

This word is the last three sentences, which is the beauty. The first three words, first of all, have a sudden turn, just like canoeing, and go straight to the next two sentences. The word "go" is preceded by the word "furniture", such as the iron broom that swept through "countless heroes" in history; The word "Yi" is full of emotion. Two or three sentences, in the verbs "number" and "look", show the confidence of the proletariat in China, which is rich, moving and meaningful. Heroes through the ages have been swept away by the rolling torrent of history. Only today's proletariat is the real driving force to push forward history and the well-deserved master of the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Only in this way can the motherland prosper and make the Chinese nation stand on its own feet among the nations of the world and make due contributions to mankind. This is the most warning place of the whole poem, and it is also the gathering place of the poet's divine light. With this most concise and general conclusion, the poem's praise for snow is beyond words.

Since its birth and publication, Chairman Mao's Qin Yuan Chun Xue has been praised by all walks of life and the broad masses of the people as his best poem and his greatest verve poem. The author's understanding of this poem is understandable, but I will discuss this poem from three aspects by appreciating it: first, the background of this poem; The second is the sensation caused by this poem during the "Chongqing negotiations"; Third, the artistic charm of this poem.

The poet wrote this poem in February 1936, when the Central Red Army had successfully completed the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March.

1935, when the Red Army's Long March drew to a close, the political situation in China was at a very critical juncture. After Japanese imperialism invaded the three northeastern provinces from 193 1 to 1932, it did not stop. 1935, launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, and the Japanese army came from outside the customs.

At this critical moment of the Chinese nation's life and death, on the eve of great changes in China's political structure, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Wayaobao in the winter of 1935 (17-February 25), at which he formulated the policy of establishing an anti-Japanese national United front throughout the country. After the Wayaobao meeting, Peng led the Red Army to cross the Yellow River in the name of "China People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard" on February 20, 1996, in order to publicize the political opinions of the CPC Central Committee on the anti-Japanese war of the whole nation and promote the climax of the anti-Japanese war of the whole nation with practical actions, and went to the anti-Japanese front in Hebei via Shanxi. On the eve of the Crusade, Mao Zedong wrote this magnificent poem in one breath when he was preparing to cross the river in Yuanjiagou, Qingjian, Shaanxi Province, looking at the heavy snow in the vast north.

However, the situation that this poem caused vibration in China was in 1945+00. It is indeed a rare spectacle in ancient and modern times that a poem can cause such a great sensation.

In A.D. 10, Mao Zedong led a delegation from Yan 'an to Chongqing for peace talks with the Kuomintang. During the negotiation, Chairman Mao was very happy to see his old friend Liu Yazi, so he wrote "Qinyuanchun Snow" on a page of stationery printed with "Chongqing Office of the 18th Army" and presented it to Liu Yazi.

Liu Yazi was very excited after reading it, that is, he sang a song "Qinyuanchun". "The second rhyme and Chairman Mao's snow-chanting works can't be as original as expected." Liu Ci wrote another poem after "Qinyuanchun" and copied it here. Let's take a look at how a generation of nouns Liu Yazi appreciated Mao Zedong's "Spring and Snow in the Garden": "Yu Zhirun was appointed as the Minister of Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Guangzhou in May 192. On 1945, I met Yuzhou again, shook hands disconsolately, and could not help feeling that mulberries were soaked in the valley. Yu Runzhi wrote the Long March poem, which benefited from his first visit to northern Shaanxi to see the snow "Qinyuanchun". After reading it, I sighed at first hand for China since he wrote poetry. Although Sue and Xin didn't fight, did they? Very effective, very itchy, like this. "

Later, Liu Yazi reluctantly gave up what he wanted, and gave Chairman Mao's "Spring and Snow in the Qinyuan" ink to Yin Shoushi, a famous painter who had been asking him for it, and made a postscript, which was sent along with his own works.

In this postscript to Yin Shoushi, Liu Yazi went on to write: "Mao Runzhi's" Qinyuanchun "is a masterpiece, and the rest are all masterpieces through the ages. Although Dongpo and You 'an are still backward, not to mention the poems of the Southern Tang and Southern Song Dynasties. ……"

Then Liu Yazi copied Chairman Mao's words and his own summation to Xinhua Daily (a newspaper with the central government in Chongqing as its capital at that time), and the head of the newspaper thought that the publication of this poem should ask Chairman Mao himself. At that time, Chairman Mao had signed the "October 10th Agreement" and returned to Yan 'an, which needed time to ask for instructions. Then I decided to publish Liu Yazi's harmony words first. When Liu Ci came out, it immediately aroused widespread concern, because people knew from the preface of his ci that Chairman Mao had a poem praising snow in Qinyuanchun. At that time, journalists and intellectuals ran around looking for it, so they found some manuscripts and circulated them privately. Wu Zuguang, who first appeared in newspapers, was editing the supplement of Xinmin Evening News, a private newspaper in Chongqing. He copied the incomplete draft of the poem from three places (or several places) and assembled it completely. Published in the second edition of June165438+1October 14, with the note: "Mr. Mao Runzhi can write poems, which seems to be little known. The person who copied the word "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" has a unique style, rich in literature and emotion, but his boldness of vision is beyond reach. According to Shi Mao, games are not enough for juvenile law, especially for outsiders. "

As soon as this poem comes out, if a spring thunder on the ground causes a big shock in Chongqing, people will rush to tell each other and discuss with each other overnight, which will become an enduring major news; From the young to the old, from the office to the teahouse, the voice of praise is endless. At the same time, a stone stirs up a thousand waves, and the waves will spread outwards round and round until they reach the 9.6 million square kilometers of land in China.

At that time, the Kuomintang panicked, and Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang of the Communist Party of China to hold an emergency meeting to lay out siege strategies. The newspapers controlled by the Kuomintang reactionaries published a large number of "Qinyuanchun" which was tit-for-tat with Chairman Mao day and night, and also wrote an article attacking Mao Zedong's "imperial people's thought".

Chongqing cultural progressives also countered the bad behavior of the Kuomintang authorities. Guo Moruo first published his first poem "Qinyuanchun" in Xinmin Daily Evening News, and then published a poem with Nie Gannu in Objective magazine. Wang Ruofei's uncle, Mr. Huang Jisheng, also fought back against Qinyuanchun. At that time, two schools of "Qinyuanchun" (revolutionary Qinyuanchun and reactionary Qinyuanchun) fought bravely and danced with the earth over Chongqing, and "Qinyuanchun" became the mantra of thousands of citizens. In this fierce debate, a very clever restaurant owner in Chongqing immediately decided to use "Qinyuanchun" as the name of the store, and hung Chairman Mao's "Qinyuanchun Snow" in the store to attract customers. Business is booming and it is not a problem to fight for money every day.

Therefore, for the enemy's accusation, this poem has "imperial thought." How did Chairman Mao handle it? Later, in1958 65438+February 2 1, Chairman Mao officially endorsed this poem and pointed out the theme: "Snow: anti-feudalism, criticizing a reactionary aspect of feudalism in 2000. Literary talent, coquettish, big carving, only in this way, you have to know that this is writing poetry! Can these people be abused? Other explanations are wrong. The last three sentences refer to the proletariat. "

Finally, let's look at the artistic charm of this poem itself.

As Liu Yazi said, Chairman Mao's poems are masterpieces through the ages, and his superb skills and mind are also the first works since China wrote poems, even after Dongpo and Jiaxuan.

Since ancient times, scholars and poets have sung about snow, and there are many excellent works. However, Chairman Mao's snow-chanting poems broke the previous conventions and made innovations in words and ideas. At the same time, it also follows the ancient style, and it can't be published unless it is big. It is indeed "crossing Liuhe and sweeping away the past and the present", and the atmosphere includes Wan Li's motherland and China's long history.

Uptown begins with a description of the heavy snow in the north. Together, the vision is magnificent, thousands of miles away, thousands of miles away, frozen and snowy, the war is neat, the sky is underground, and in all directions. Here, the poet's inner excitement has overshadowed the "northern scenery" in one fell swoop.

Then he wrote the elephants inside and outside the Great Wall and up and down the Yellow River as azimuth geography, and then ran through the four lines of east, west, north and south with a cavity of heroism.

Then take advantage of the unfinished great heroism, have a short meal and enter the detailed description. The mountain whirls like a silver snake, and the snow field is like a white elephant, which is a metaphor for God's arrival. Ingenious entry can be easily done without blowing off dust. Do the mountains and the snow want to compete with God? The poet also took this opportunity to hint at his heroic feelings of fighting against heaven and earth.

Love starts from the scenery and leads the scenery. When the poet is in the dreamland of beauty, waiting for the sun to shine, and it is sunny, the sunny day on the white snow field shines on the land of rivers and mountains. Just like a group of girls in red, gorgeous, charming and radiant. At the end, the poet was in high spirits and stood out from the crowd in the vast snowfield. Jiangshan also has a new red posture. The essence of the essence appears gradually, which indicates that a brand-new China will be born in the motherland.

The beauty of the scenery naturally leads to the history of the next scene, because thousands of heroes and heroines in history are competing to sing for the exquisite and beautiful mountains and rivers (using indirect anthropomorphic rhetoric). After the nature film was finished, guided by a "pity", seven sentences were connected to deny historical figures, and the five famous emperors of China were cited as the overall evaluation of "criticizing a reactionary aspect of feudalism in 2000". (Author's language) The merits and demerits of the Millennium have been swept away. If the situation does not return to the river, the waves will destroy the heroes.

Then, the word "all in the past" makes a turning point and makes a great sigh, just like Kong Qiu's exclamation that "the deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night" is also a great sigh in the soul of the Chinese nation. Then the pen turned sharply and saw joy: "Count the romantic figures and look at the present." This is a great eulogy for the new look of contemporary China, the upcoming liberation of China people led by China, and the upcoming socialist China in the dark old China of the East. As the poet himself said, "the last three sentences refer to the proletariat." The new China under the dictatorship of the proletariat will be born in this ancient land.