Palestinian-Israeli conflict peace plan

2001May 4 Mitchell Report At the end of September 2000, a large-scale bloody conflict broke out between Palestine and Israel, and the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks were in trouble. In order to urge the Palestinians and Israelis to end the conflict at an early date and return to the track of peace talks, the multilateral summit on the Middle East was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt in June+10/October, 5438 with the mediation of the international community. The meeting decided to set up an international commission of inquiry to investigate the causes of the violent conflict between Palestine and Israel. Palestine and Israel should immediately and unconditionally stop the violent conflict; * * * Create a relaxation period; Take measures to rebuild mutual trust; The Palestinian National Authority's efforts to combat terrorism; The Israeli government must completely freeze the construction of Jewish settlements in Palestinian-controlled areas; The Israeli bombing and blockade of bacheng town have been cancelled; The two sides resumed security cooperation. However, the Mitchell report has not been implemented because of the tough policy adopted by the Israeli Sharon government and the increasingly fierce conflict between Palestine and Israel.

2001June 5 Tenet Ceasefire Plan 2001April and May, the bloody conflict between Palestine and Israel intensified. In order to find a good way to restore the Middle East peace process and prevent the escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the international community has launched intensive diplomatic mediation in the Middle East. Palestine should immediately arrest radical Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) and Islamic Jihad members, stop anti-Israeli propaganda, collect all illegal weapons in Palestinian autonomous areas, and stop providing assistance to those "terrorist activities" that attack Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza; Israel, on the other hand, should ensure that it does not attack Palestinian targets, withdraw its troops to the position before the Palestinian-Israeli conflict broke out on September 28, 2000, and end its blockade of Palestinian autonomous areas. Regarding the Tenet ceasefire plan, the Palestinian National Authority issued a statement expressing its complete acceptance. Although Israel also announced its acceptance of the plan in principle, the plan failed to be implemented because Sharon insisted on a one-week "absolute quiet period".

On March 28th, 2002, on the basis of the Middle East peace proposal put forward by Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah, the "Arab Peace Initiative" was adopted at the 4th Arab Summit on March 28th, 2002. This initiative demands that Israel withdraw from all Arab territories occupied since 1967, accept the establishment of an independent and sovereign Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, and just solve the problem of Palestinian refugees. On this premise, Arab countries will recognize the existence of Israel, ensure its security and realize normal relations.

On May 30, 2003, the "road map" plan for peace in the Middle East put forward the idea of establishing an independent Palestinian state where Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace. Ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict will be divided into three stages. In the first stage (from the beginning of the year to May of that year), Israel and Palestine achieved a ceasefire; Pakistan will crack down on terrorist activities and carry out comprehensive political reforms; As far as Israel is concerned, it should withdraw from the Palestinian territories occupied after September 28, 2000, freeze the construction of settlements, dismantle the settlements established after March 28, 2006, and take all necessary measures to restore the normal life of Palestinians. The second stage (from June of that year to 65438+February) is a transitional period, with the focus on establishing a Palestinian state with temporary borders and sovereignty symbols. The Quartet (the United Nations, the United States, the European Union and Russia) will hold an international conference for this purpose. The next two years will be the third stage, in which Israel and Palestine will negotiate on the final status and reach an agreement in 2005 to finally end the conflict between the two sides. The Quartet of Middle East Mediation will hold the second international conference on this issue. For both governments, decades of war and confrontation can't solve the problem, only peace is the only way out. Under the mediation of the international community, the Palestinian and Israeli governments have signed many peace agreements, but there are always too many differences in the final stage of negotiations on thorny issues such as the ownership of Jerusalem, Jewish settlements, the return of Palestinian refugees and the demarcation of the Palestinian-Israeli border. So far, the Palestinians and Israelis have not reached a permanent peace agreement. In addition, due to the deliberate delay of successive governments, various mediation plans and agreements have been abandoned.

All this comes down to the deep-rooted hatred and mutual distrust of the nation. Especially for the Israeli government, as a party with a strong military advantage and based on its own national interests, a suicide bombing can cause indiscriminate attacks on Palestinian settlements or destroy houses. In this way, terrorist organizations, such as Hamas terror, keep making suicide bombings in the dark; Any move by the Ming and Israeli forces has become a handle for terrorist organizations to seize and wait for revenge. This vicious circle has seriously affected the stability of the region and is not conducive to the implementation of policies.

Sharon is the representative of Israeli hardliners. He once entered the Al-Aqsa Mosque to declare the religious relationship between Jews and Temple Mount, which aroused the conflict that continues to this day. Moreover, during his tenure as prime minister, he encouraged Israelis to settle in the West Bank with preferential rent and tax policies, which also caused dissatisfaction among Palestinians. On the Palestinian side, the extreme representative is the Hamas Resistance Movement, whose spiritual leader Yassin once said: "Arafat has his own road, we have our own road, and suicide bombings will not stop." It can be seen that there have been serious differences within Palestine, and the Palestinian National Liberation Organization cannot control the behavior of terrorist organizations. In fact, there are more than 65,438+000 terrorist organizations in Palestine. Once there is a serious disagreement or the liberation organization explicitly intervenes in terrorist acts, it may lead to civil war, which makes Arafat and the new leader Abbas have to be vigilant against them. Sharon once blocked Arafat's residence because he thought Arafat was suspected of inciting terrorist attacks, which showed that the problem of terrorist organizations could already affect the development of the conflict.

US President Bush held tripartite talks with Israeli Prime Minister Sharon and Palestinian Prime Minister Abbas in the Jordanian port city of Aqaba. The tripartite talks were held against the background that both Israel and Palestine accepted the "road map" for Middle East peace proposed by the United States, the United Nations, the European Union and Russia. The international community generally hopes that Israel and Palestine will seize this opportunity and make breakthrough progress in resuming peace talks and ending bloody conflicts. However, after the two sides shook hands to express their acceptance of the road map and made efforts to realize it, Hamas once again committed suicide bombings in Israel. Its leaders openly accuse Abbas of betraying Palestinian interests, while news shows that Abbas will not contact and negotiate with Hamas leaders. Since then, Israel has retaliated, and the chances of achieving peace have become slim. After the "9. 1 1" incident, the pro-Israel hardliners in the United States increased significantly, and they were more partial to Israel on the Palestinian-Israeli issue. The United States publicly supported Israel in retaliation for its attack on Palestinian militant groups, characterized it as a "terrorist organization", demanded that Pakistan change its leaders, and acquiesced in the house arrest of Palestinian leader Arafat. Bush has invited Sharon to visit the United States seven times, but he has never held any meetings with Palestinian leaders. However, instead of letting Israel benefit from its "care", the United States has intensified the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is the core of the Middle East issue and an important source of anti-American sentiment in the Middle East. The Bush administration has to adjust its Middle East policy and try its best to calm the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and resolve the Palestinian-Israeli dispute. As early as the preparatory stage of the Iraq war, the United States drew up a "road map" plan to solve the Middle East problem and reached agreements with the United Nations, the European Union and Russia. After the war against Iraq basically ended, the Quartet on Middle East issues submitted a "road map" plan to Palestine and Israel in time.

For the United States, promoting the implementation of the "road map" plan is one of the important contents of the US Middle East policy adjustment after the Iraq war. It can not only quell the anti-American sentiment in the Arab world since the "9. 1 1" incident and the Iraq war, but also help to change its image in the international community, improve its relations with the European Union and Arab countries, and further strive for the support and cooperation of Arab countries in counter-terrorism and the US Middle East strategy.

The reason why the United States chose to hold tripartite talks with Palestine and Israel at this time is not only because the Bush administration has realized the urgency of resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in its Middle East strategy, but also because the United States believes that the time has come to stop the bloody Palestinian-Israeli conflict that lasted for nearly three years. After these years of conflict, both Palestine and Israel can be said to have lost both sides, and both sides have paid a heavy price politically, economically and socially. Therefore, Israel accepted the "road map" conditionally, and Pakistan also actively worked to cooperate with the implementation of the "road map". Sharon and Abbas held two tripartite talks, and both sides indicated that they would take some practical measures to "restore trust". Rare signs of detente have finally emerged between Palestine and Israel, thus creating a suitable atmosphere for American mediation.

It is difficult to solve the current Palestinian-Israeli conflict without external force, and it is obviously a good thing to have a strong intermediary to mediate. Although the relationship between the United States and Israel is special and may be biased in some aspects, because the instability in the Middle East has always been a worry for Bush, exerting pressure in some cases may deter Sharon's unrestrained tough behavior. But the latest news shows that the United States may send troops to suppress Palestinian terrorist forces and interfere in other countries' internal affairs, which will only lead to deeper hatred. 1On October 29th, the second session of the United Nations General Assembly voted 33 in favor, 13 against (including 10 Islamic countries) and 65,438 against. The resolution stipulates that Britain will end its mandated rule in Palestine and withdraw its troops before 1 August 9481; Two months later, two countries were established on the land of Palestine, namely, the Arab country and the Jewish country. According to the blueprint of partition resolution, the territory of Arab countries can reach 1 1203 square kilometers, accounting for about 43% of the total area of Palestine at that time. The population is 725,000 Arabs and 65,438+0,000 Jews. The land of the Jewish State is 14942 square kilometers, accounting for about 57% of the total area of Palestine. The population includes 497,000 Arabs and 598,000 Jews. The resolution also stipulated that the United Nations should establish and manage an international special regime for the city of Jerusalem. In order to be the ruling Labor Party for Israel, the Soviet Union changed the anti-Semitic attitude inherent in the Russian Empire, made great efforts for the founding of Israel, and gave diplomatic and military support to the establishment and consolidation of the State of Israel. Gromyko, Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, delivered a touching speech at the United Nations General Assembly, which played an important role in the smooth adoption of resolution 18 1. However, Britain, which vowed to support the Jewish Restoration in the Balfour Declaration, abstained.

At that time, there were more than 65,438+200,000 Arabs in Palestine, accounting for more than two thirds of the total population. However, the territory of Arab countries in the partition resolution only accounts for 43% of the total area of Palestine. What makes Arabs unbearable is that the territory of Arab countries is fragmented and disconnected, and most of them are hilly and barren areas. The Jewish state is not like this. Although there are only 600,000 Jews, accounting for less than13 of the total population, their territory accounts for 57% of the total area of Palestine, and most of them are located in fertile coastal areas.

On the afternoon of May 1948, the square in front of Tel Aviv Museum of Modern Art was crowded with Jews. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Ben-Gurion, the "father of the founding of Israel" with a height of 1.6 meters, declared the independence of the State of Israel. Ben Gurion became Israel's first prime minister.