What are the protective measures for substations?

The protective measures taken by the substation are: (1), gas-insulated enclosed switchgear (GIS), SF6 gas as insulation between the interphase and the live part and the grounding part, three-phase equilateral triangle arrangement, small interphase geometry, the live equipment sealed in the grounded alloy cylinder, and the electric field and magnetic field outside the cylinder are almost zero. (2) Optimize the layout of substations. Optimize the layout of substations to minimize the impact on the environment. (3) Urban substations can be built into indoor substations. (4) Greening and beautifying the substation, and setting up a green barrier around it. After completion, the appearance of the substation should be in harmony with the surrounding environment. (5) Transformer oil inside the transformer is used for insulation and cooling. At present, the flash point of transformer oil is high, and the situation of substation fire is rare. Moreover, the state has strict fire protection requirements for residential substations. For example, the fire fighting facilities in the substation should be equipped with automatic fire alarm system, water spray fire extinguishing system, heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system and fire hydrant fire extinguishing system according to the layout of electrical equipment room and fire fighting requirements, so as to achieve the requirements of "prevention first, combining prevention with fire extinguishing". (6) Indoor substations are generally close to nearby buildings. In the design of substation, the design unit has fully considered the explosion-proof requirements. For example, the walls of the power distribution room are all made of reinforced concrete, and the doors are made of I-beams, which fully meets the strength requirements of safety protection in case of equipment accidents. In addition, the oil of transformer non-pressure equipment runs under normal pressure, so the transformer oil will not splash or explode, and the oil and gas generated by short circuit inside the transformer can be released from the explosion-proof port of the transformer. In case of equipment accident, the ventilation pipe in the distribution room can quickly release the pressure in the up and down direction, thus reducing the pressure on doors and walls.