Precautionary measures for gas stations

Protection technology and measures of electrostatic disaster in gas station

Grounding of anti-static facilities

Electrostatic grounding of gas station is to connect the oil storage tank, oil pipeline, tanker unloading platform and other facilities with the ground by wires, so that the conductor potential is close to the ground potential, and the unloading grounding wire should be equipotentially connected with the anti-static grounding body. Obviously, the purpose of grounding is to provide a channel for the electrostatic charge on the charged body to leak to the earth, so as to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the charged body or the increase of electrostatic potential. Always check the grounding of the refueling gun and the connection of the flange on the pipeline to eliminate corrosion in time and ensure that the grounding resistance of the whole grounding system is not greater than 1008. Note: When three grounding systems (anti-static, lightning protection and power frequency electricity) share a grounding body, the grounding resistance should be selected according to the minimum value, generally 4 ~ 108.

Increase air humidity

Humidification mainly increases the leakage of static electricity along the surface of insulating medium, rather than increasing the leakage of static electricity. Humidification can not only accelerate the leakage of static electricity, prevent the accumulation of static electricity of hydrophilic substances, but also improve the minimum ignition energy of explosive mixture. In the gas station, steam or water is mainly sprayed into the refueling area, oil storage tank area, oil unloading area and tank car to keep the relative humidity in the gas station area within the range of 65% ~ 75%.

Doping reduces resistivity

In order to effectively leak the static electricity on the charged body, the grounding method is only suitable for charged metal conductors or electrostatic conductors and sub-conductors, while increasing humidity is only effective for hydrophilic charged media. In order to effectively leak the charge of electrostatic non-conductor with high resistivity, we can only solve it by reducing its resistivity and improving its conductivity, that is, adding impurities that can reduce the resistivity to dielectric materials such as fuel oil and plastic products to improve its conductivity. Theoretical and experimental results show that when the resistivity of solid materials falls below 1098cm, static electricity can be effectively leaked and dangerous accumulation of static electricity can be prevented. For liquid, when its resistivity drops below 10 108cm, the electrostatic hazard can be eliminated. Antistatic agents commonly used in the market belong to chemical doping method. Antistatic agent has strong hygroscopicity and conductivity, which is worth popularizing and applying.

Ionized air method

Ionized air method is to ionize air by installing electrostatic neutralizer, and produce a large number of electric ions (usually positive and negative ion pairs) necessary to eliminate static electricity. Ionized air method is easy to use and does not affect fuel quality.

Control the degree of danger in the workplace

Motor vehicle gas stations should install ventilation devices in closed and dangerous spaces to discharge explosive mixtures (such as possible oil mist) in time, so that the concentration of the mixture does not exceed the lower explosion limit.

Human electrostatic protection

Human activities are also one of the sources of static electricity in gas stations. Due to the complexity of human body electrification, it is necessary to establish a complete anti-static system for human body. This system can be considered to be composed of anti-static work clothes, shoes and socks, floors, etc. , supplemented by anti-static wristbands, gloves, foot covers, hats, aprons, etc. If necessary, there are workstations and seats. All belong to the category of anti-static system. This comprehensive protection system has the functions of electrostatic leakage, neutralization and shielding. In addition to the above measures, under the premise that all kinds of safety protection facilities and equipment are in good condition, gas station staff should hold relevant certificates and operate in strict accordance with regulations, which is the most direct and effective means to prevent electrostatic disasters and accidents. Various positive and negative examples have repeatedly confirmed this truth. Countermeasures to prevent smoking accidents

1. Strengthen safety control and education.

The fire and explosion accidents caused by smoking in gas stations are all caused by human factors, so it is particularly important to strengthen the safety education for gas station personnel. On the one hand, it is necessary to carry out regular oil knowledge learning, so that the staff can understand the nature, characteristics and explosion limit of oil and gas, and subjectively enhance the awareness of accident prevention. At the same time, it is necessary to use typical cases of fire and explosion accidents caused by smoking to give warning education to employees in gas stations, so that they can fully understand the harm of smoking to individuals, families, units and society, improve their sense of responsibility, quit smoking consciously, or not smoke at gas stations. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the control of people around the station, foreign refueling personnel and drivers and passengers, and do a good job of inspection, supervision and guidance to ensure the safety inside and outside the station. To improve supporting facilities, new gas stations must be designed and constructed in strict accordance with the technical requirements of GB 50 156-2002 (Code for Design and Construction of Automobile Filling Stations). For gas stations that are not built according to the standards, the hidden dangers of accidents left in the construction process should be found in time, and the construction of supporting facilities should be further improved according to the specifications, such as unreasonable unloading and refueling process systems, installation of oil tanks between breathing pipes and oil tanks, laying of oil pipelines in trenches, and use of trenches for heat, oil and electricity. Minimize the discharge of oil and gas under normal conditions, and prevent the escape and accumulation of oil and gas under abnormal conditions and the transformation from non-explosive dangerous places to explosive dangerous places. Strict control of fire source Gas station is a place where fireworks are strictly prohibited, and strict control of fire source (fire) is a necessary measure to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents. However, some gas stations have serious luck in the management of fire sources (kindling), turning a blind eye to smoking and ignoring it, and their supervision is weak; The management of foreign personnel only requires, does not check, lacks necessary tough measures, and relies entirely on the consciousness and initiative of foreign personnel, which makes smoking in dangerous places happen from time to time. If this situation is not changed, accidents will become inevitable. Therefore, it is forbidden to carry and store kindling in gas stations, and it is more important to encourage gas station personnel to quit smoking. Strengthening supervision and inspection and perfecting supervision mechanism are the guarantee for the implementation of the system. While internal personnel supervise each other, they should focus on strengthening the supervision of foreign personnel and customers, set up obvious warning signs at the entrance of gas stations, and require gas station personnel to verbally remind customers. In the process of gas station construction and renovation, safety education should be given to construction personnel before construction, with special emphasis on the reasons and hazards of not allowing smoking in gas stations. In the process of construction, the site should be supervised by special personnel, especially when hot work is carried out, the scope should be strictly controlled, and the oil and gas concentration at the hot work site should be monitored in real time to ensure safe construction and no accidents.