Who knows the information of Qinghai-Tibet Railway? Hurry up!

Qinghai-Tibet Railway: The total length of Xining-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 1956 km, of which 8 14 km of Xining-Golmud section was laid in 1979 and put into operation in 1984. The Golmud-Lhasa section of the newly-built Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Golmud City in Qinghai Province in the north, passes through Nachitai, Wudaoliang, Tuotuo River and Yanshiping, crosses Tanggula Mountain, passes through Amdo, Naqu, Dangxiong, Yangbajing in Xizang Autonomous Region and Lhasa, the capital of Na Zhi, with a total length of1142km, of which 65,438km (Nanshankou to Lhasa) is newly-built railway.

Create some of the best railways in the world (Qinghai-Tibet Railway): Tanggula Mountain Station at an altitude of 5068 meters is the highest railway station in the world.

China people built the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is the highest railway in the world. At the same time, the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also created a series of new world railway records.

This year, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has entered the Tanggula Mountain area, which is more than 5,000 meters above sea level, with the highest altitude and the worst natural conditions. Whether the "three major problems" of plateau physiology, plateau frozen soil construction and environmental protection in the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be completely broken, and whether the engineering measures are reliable will be known this year.

Recently, Lu Chunfang, commander of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command, said in an interview that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway entered the frozen soil section from Kunlun Mountain to Tanggula Mountain this year, and most of the pass section with an altitude of over 4,600 meters and the highest altitude of 5,072 meters also started this year. Working at such a high altitude, the lack of oxygen is more serious than in other areas. According to expert detection, the oxygen content in the air in this area is equivalent to 52% to 56% of the oxygen content in the air at sea level, and the task of health and epidemic prevention is arduous. Construction teams live and work in this area, and the pressure to ensure the survival and health of builders is greater than ever.

He said that this year's frozen soil project is facing new problems. After a complete freeze-thaw cycle, the engineering measures need further verification. For projects with diseases or possible diseases, the design should be improved and reinforcement measures should be taken. The project will enter the Tanggula mountain area, and the construction technical problems of saturated wetland, slope wetland, island frozen soil and deep-season frozen soil will become more prominent. In addition, the bridge construction will cross the plateau at an altitude of nearly 5000 meters, and whether the bridge equipment adapts to the plateau conditions and whether the bridge index is reasonable will be verified.

In order to comprehensively cope with the grim situation facing the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Lu Chunfang said that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command will focus on design work, improve design quality, and comprehensively promote the optimization and reinforcement of subgrade and bridge and tunnel engineering design in the north of Tanggula Mountain and the construction drawing design of subgrade and bridge and tunnel engineering in the south of Tanggula Mountain; The experimental study on the second freeze-thaw cycle of frozen soil engineering has been completed, and relatively complete results have been obtained. Accelerate the scientific and technological research and equipment development of post-station engineering; Implement various environmental protection measures such as ecological environment protection, vegetation protection, soil and water conservation and wildlife protection. Strive to protect the wetlands south of Tanggula; We will earnestly do a good job in ensuring the life of high-altitude areas, especially in Tanggula, which passes through the mountains and no man's land, and take epidemic prevention as an important task of health protection this year to ensure that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction will not be epidemic. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command will also strengthen the prevention and monitoring of construction safety, effectively protect the interests and health of migrant workers and prevent all kinds of accidents.

Construction: This year, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction plan has completed an investment of 5.6 billion yuan, and all the underground projects north of Buqiangge, 80% from Buqiangge to Amdo and 50% from Amdo to Lhasa have been completed. Wind-volcano bridge-laying passage, the supporting works of Wang Ge section after the station are basically completed, and the power from Wangkun to Tuotuo reach is connected.

Opening of Qinghai-Tibet Railway-Challenge Three Limits

Core tip:

In the history of railway construction in the world, the crossing of any railway is not as magical and exciting as the crossing of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It's not surprising if this railway just crosses ordinary mountains and rivers. It spans not only the steep and snowy peaks on the roof of the world, but also the great leap of life limit, physiological limit and technical difficulties. At this moment, if there is a hymn, only this Qinghai-Tibet railway, which has achieved a great leap in the challenge limit, is worth accepting.

A: A big leap in the limits of architecture.

Before talking about the great leap of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, we might as well take a look at the general places it passes along.

The new line of Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Nanshankou, 20 kilometers south of Golmud City, passes through Golmud River, Nachitai, Xidatan, Kunlun Mountain, Chuma River, Wudaoliang, Fenghuoshan, Tuotuo River, Tongtianhe, Tanggula Pass, Qiangtang Plateau and Yangbajing, and finally reaches Lhasa. In these seemingly ordinary place names, there are difficulties and obstacles that normal people cannot understand or even accept. How do tens of thousands of railway builders who have been fighting in the snowy plateau all the year round achieve these challenges?

Crossing the majestic snow-capped mountains

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through the Kunlun Pass at an altitude of 4,767 meters and the Tanggula Pass at an altitude of 5,072 meters. On two big mountains, there is snow all year round. Even in hot summer, there are sometimes snowstorms here. It is very dangerous to pass here, let alone build a railway here.

We just passed through here, just past Xidatan, and the chest tightness and shortness of breath suddenly struck. When we arrived at Kunlun Mountain Pass, the severe altitude sickness made everyone's heart beat like jumping out of his mouth, and heavy breathing even suppressed the power of speaking. Just then, the goose feather-like snowflake in the sky came again, and the temperature plummeted to MINUS 30 degrees. Get off the bus and watch, the cold and hurried feeling makes people close to the edge of collapse. Not long after we arrived, we couldn't stand it anymore. It is conceivable how people who have been stationed here all the year round for railway design and construction endure it.

Crossing a thousand miles of no man's land

After crossing the Kunlun Mountain, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has reached the no-man's land of Amdo County for hundreds of kilometers. During this period, it will also cross the breathtaking Wudaoliang, Tuotuo River and Tanggula Pass at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters. When we passed the five beams, everyone's lips were blue and purple, and a layer of skin was chapped, and no one said a word. When we arrived at Tuotuo River, it was getting late and we stayed here for the night. Severe headache and dizziness caused by altitude sickness make everyone sleep or sit all night, and the trauma in a rare military station tossing and turning all night. Several drivers who have been running on the Qinghai-Tibet line for a long time described to us that "Xidatan is sick and Wudaoliang is dead" and "living in Tuotuo River is the hardest thing to say". What they mean is that the anomalies of Wudaoliang and Tuotuo River are more worrying and frightening than anywhere on the Qinghai-Tibet line. Before dawn, everyone started early and moved on.

The threat of life has to remind us that the designers and builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have actually created one incredible miracle after another in this "life forbidden zone" that is threatened every day. Some construction teams completed the workload that the same number of people used to need to complete in one year in less than one month, but they stubbornly pushed forward the "life forbidden zone" with unimaginable will and perseverance and successfully crossed the thousands of miles of no man's land. It is out of the question.

B: a big leap forward in technical limits.

In 200 1 year, the news that the Qinghai-Tibet railway project was officially launched caused quite a shock at home and abroad. At that time, many people in the west expressed "welcome" to this project with cynicism and suspicion. Some foreign railway experts also said that "it is almost impossible to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway" because half of this railway will be built on permafrost, which is a very difficult thing.

Plateau frozen soil crossing

It is true that the Jiela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been mounted and dismounted several times in half a century. In addition to economic strength, the most important factor is that the plateau frozen soil problem has not been overcome. However, the voice of doubt may not know that at the Fenghuoshan Pass at an altitude of 4,800 meters, three generations of researchers in China spent more than 40 years of their youth crossing the technical limit of plateau frozen soil.

It has always been a worldwide problem to build a railway in the plateau permafrost region, and the Qinghai-Tibet railway must cross the permafrost region as long as 550 kilometers. The frozen soil will change with the change of temperature, and the frozen soil under the subgrade will expand as soon as it freezes, thus jacking up the rails above; Once the frozen soil melts, its volume will shrink and the tracks on it will come down. In this way, the tracks are prone to rollover accidents.

Although the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been started and dismounted many times in half a century, researchers have never stopped studying the plateau frozen soil. Since the 1960s, the Northwest Branch of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways (now Northwest Research Institute of China Railway) has established a 500-meter-long frozen soil railway test base at the Fenghuoshan Pass at an altitude of 4,800 meters, and set up 28 observation points, among which the Fenghuoshan Observatory has become the only one on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway that is manned 24 hours a day. Over the years, three generations of researchers have continuously measured more than 6.5438+0.2 million pieces of data covering various meteorological conditions and ground temperature changes in permafrost regions on the plateau, providing a large number of accurate and reliable scientific basis for permafrost research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with their youth, and solving the technical problems of permafrost on the plateau.

Cold tunnel span

The wind volcano at an altitude of more than 4,900 meters is all permafrost underground, and the thickness of the ice layer reaches 150 meters. Some western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway could not cross the wind volcano at all, because it was impossible to tunnel on the iceberg.

China Railway 20th Bureau's construction workers fired the first shot of the Huo Feng tunnel, but the "dirt" blown out shocked them, almost all of which were crystal clear ice. This geological environment has always been a forbidden area for tunnel construction. However, the builders creatively developed two large tunnel air conditioning units, which controlled the tunnel construction temperature within a certain range and effectively prevented the underground ice from melting and collapsing. It has a total length of 65,438+0,686 meters and an altitude of 4,905 meters, all of which are located in the permafrost. Wind-volcano tunnel, the highest plateau permafrost tunnel in the world and the longest permafrost region, was born, and railway builders once again crossed the technical limit that others thought could not be crossed.

A great leap in the limit of life

Where is the limit of life? At Tanggula Pass at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters? Or the cold zone of MINUS 30 degrees? Or a no-man's land hundreds of kilometers from Tanggula to Amdo? The builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway pushed forward these "life forbidden zones" again and again, and achieved a great leap in the limit of life here.

Perhaps, only people who have lived in high altitude areas for a long time really understand where the limit of life lies. Altitude sickness is mild, such as headache, dizziness, diarrhea, palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia, anorexia, and even fatal pulmonary edema and brain edema. The plateau air pressure is low, and water will boil at 80 degrees Celsius. You should eat raw rice every day, and at the same time, you should prevent acute gastrointestinal mucosal disease. Cold syndrome not only makes your heart and lungs irreversible, but also makes your teeth fall off and a lot of hair fall off, all of which test your physiological limit and endurance limit all the time. In an interview with the journalism department of Tieyi Hospital, the reporter learned that many surveyors and designers who have been working in cold areas all the year round have got cold syndrome, with heart and lung enlargement and tooth loss, and some people have almost all teeth and hair loss. Those who advance into the "forbidden zone of life" have crossed the limit of life again and again, and written miracles in the history of world railway construction with their own lives and health.