Small knowledge of preventing meteorological disasters

1. knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation

original publisher: XX demons

life of a little knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation should be guarded, and ten rules should be remembered, and once a disaster occurs, it should be applied in a timely manner. 1. Earthquake: In case of an earthquake, take shelter first, find a gap under the table, lean against the corner and bend your body, seize the opportunity to escape, stay away from all buildings, and the aftershocks squat in the open space. 2, fire: fire, afraid of smoke, nose and mouth covered with wet towels, body rolling on fire, do not take the elevator down, balcony sliding down the rope, blindly jumping off the building will hurt. 3, flood: the flood is fierce, the height is high, the earth roof can't stay, the bed table is tied with a raft, the tree can tie a lifeline, prepare food flashlights, and wear warm clothes to avoid danger. 4. Typhoon: When the typhoon comes, listen to the forecast, reinforce the dam and waterway, repair the gas circuit, make the temporary building solid and secure, and the ship breaks down deeply when entering the port, so as to reduce the number of trips. 5. Debris flow: Rainstorm, debris flow, the dangerous place is downstream, escape from the bottom of the ditch, climb up the hill quickly, camp in the wild without choosing the ditch, and enter the mountain depending on the climate. 6, lightning: rainy days, thunder and lightning, don't stand under the tree to avoid the rain, the pole of the tower should be far away, and it is also necessary to prevent problems at home when it thunders, close the doors and windows to cut off the power supply, and avoid the lightning fire room. 7. Blizzard: On a blizzard day, people jog, don't stop with their backs to the wind, and their bodies are frozen and unconscious. Never bake with fire, wash the blood circulation with ice and snow, and slowly warm up. 8. Tornado: Tornado, strong storm, once it hits into the cellar, avoid leaving the doors and windows indoors, turn off all the power and water sources, lie on the low-lying land outdoors, and the car is unreliable. 9. Epidemic situation: Be careful about the epidemic situation, don't be paralyzed, and prevent infection. When patients are found, they should be isolated, ventilated and disinfected, and seek medical treatment as soon as they enter the infected place, and less public places should be visited. 1. Chemical protection: Chemicals are dangerous. Don't pick up abandoned items. Prevent fireworks from burning toxic gas. Call the police to explain the accident point. Don't watch the transportation leak. People should stay away from the limelight. People's lives are more important than mountains, so take precautions against disasters and avoid risks, master skills and practice frequently. I wish

2. What are the common knowledge of disaster prevention

1. When there is a fire in a public place, don't panic and run blindly. If the fire is small, participate in the fighting and call 119 quickly. If the fire is out of control, escape in an orderly manner according to the evacuation signs, and never take the elevator.

2. When passing through the thick smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, and try to keep your body close to the ground and the wall, and bend over or crawl forward. If clothes are on fire, you should be soaked in water, showered with water, lying down and rolling, and don't run or stand upright. When you escape, you should close the door behind you to prevent the smoke from entering. When you escape, don't push each other and don't jump off a building in a hurry. If you can't escape, you should retreat to a safe area such as balcony or roof, and send out a distress signal to wait for rescue.

3. When you escape from a fire in a high-rise building, if the lower stairs are full of smoke or blocked by a fire, don't escape by force. It is safer to escape upward. You can wait for rescue at balconies, rooftops and other places. Do not get under the bed, in the closet or in the attic to avoid fire or smoke. If the residence is close to the roof, you can go straight to the roof platform and send out a distress signal.

4. When the flood comes, you should choose everything that can save your life to escape. First, select large containers, such as oil drums and water storage buckets, quickly pour out the original liquid, and then tightly cover and seal the lid again. Empty beverage bottles, wooden wine barrels or plastic barrels all have certain buoyancy and can be bundled together for emergency. Football, basketball and volleyball have good buoyancy. Trees, tables, chairs, cabinets and other wooden furniture have buoyancy.

5. If you fall into the water, hold your breath and hold your nose to avoid choking, and try to stand up. If the water is too deep to stand up and swim to the shore quickly, step on the water to help swim and catch anything floating around you. If you can't swim, don't panic. You can act in the following two ways: First, face up, head back, step on the water with your hands down, slap your hands on the water, let your mouth out of the water, and inhale hard immediately after exhaling; The second is to quickly observe whether there is a fixed object exposed to the water around and move closer to it.

6. Take off your shoes in time when you fall into the water, reduce the resistance, put your head out of the water and adjust your breathing. Don't struggle unnecessarily when the waves are high and the body is floating, and save your strength as much as possible. It is necessary to avoid heavy objects that may endanger your health, such as eddies and stones entrained in water. Never climb a telephone pole to avoid electric shock.

7. If the car falls into the water, it must escape before the water reaches the window, while the car is still floating on the water. When the car sinks into the water, roll up the window and turn on all the lights as a distress signal. If the door can't be opened, make sure that the people in the car are above the water. When the water reaches the chin position, the water pressure outside the car can be lighter. At this time, open the door and take a deep breath to swim to the surface. If the door still won't open, try to break the glass and climb out. When escaping, passengers can be involved with each other, so that the door will not be closed and people can be prevented from being washed away.

Reference: China * * * net-tips on disaster prevention and mitigation: fire escape skills in public places

Reference: China * * * net-tips on disaster prevention and mitigation: how to escape when a flood comes?

3. knowledge of preventing natural disasters

1. lightning disaster and prevention

(1) stay indoors and close the doors and windows in lightning weather; People who work outdoors should hide in buildings.

(2) TVs, stereos and other electrical appliances with no or insufficient lightning protection measures should not be used, and faucets should not be used.

(3) During a thunderstorm, do not touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire, metal doors and windows, and external walls of buildings, and stay away from live equipment such as wires or other similar metal devices.

2. Earthquake disaster and prevention

(1) Lighting lamps in classrooms, cabinets in laboratories and bookshelves in libraries should be fixed.

(2) Avoid under the table with your back to the window during the earthquake, and protect your head with a schoolbag.

(3) Don't rush out of the classroom in an earthquake, and avoid going up and down the stairs in a panic.

3. Tropical Storm Disaster and Prevention

(1) Pay attention to the relevant weather forecast and make good preparations for prevention.

(2) The parts of the house that need to be reinforced should be reinforced in time, and the doors and windows should be closed.

(3) Prepare food, drinking water, lighting lamps, rain gear and necessary medicines to prevent accidents.

(4) dredge the drainage facilities and keep them unobstructed.

4. Tornado disaster and prevention

(1) When a tornado strikes, doors and windows should be opened to balance the indoor and outdoor air pressure, so as to avoid the wind blowing off the roof and blowing down the wall.

(2) indoors, people should protect their heads and squat down facing the wall.

(3) When encountering a tornado in the wild, you should quickly move in the opposite direction or sideways to avoid it.

5. Flood disaster and prevention

(1) When threatened by flood, if there is enough time, it should be moved to hillside, highland and other places in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, we should use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. as much as possible to make water transfer.

(2) When the flood comes too fast to be transferred, you should immediately climb the roof, the roof, big trees and high walls, take temporary shelter and wait for rescue, and don't swim alone to transfer.

4. Who knows the common sense of first aid for some natural disasters

Strategic measure 1: Make a plan, and be always ready. By making and practicing emergency plans in countries, provinces, cities, districts, enterprises and institutions, communities, schools, etc., an orderly and prepared situation will be formed to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.

the emergency plan should include the emergency organization system and responsibilities, prediction and early warning, information reporting, emergency response, emergency disposal, emergency support, investigation and evaluation and other mechanisms for natural disasters, and form a set of work operation mechanisms including pre-event, incident, event and post-event. We should not put the plan on the shelf, but make the masses and disaster managers master the plan skillfully through training and plan drills, and constantly improve the plan in practice.

be prepared for danger in times of peace, and give priority to prevention. It is necessary to enhance the sense of urgency, make unremitting efforts, and nip in the bud.

adhere to the combination of prevention and emergency, and the combination of normality and abnormality. * * * Communities should be encouraged to formulate emergency disaster prevention plans, carry out disaster relief drills, equip special communication equipment to replace common communication methods under emergency conditions, and ensure necessary emergency supplies and facilities.

actively prepare for emergencies in terms of equipment, technology and personnel. Strategic Measure 2: People-oriented, disaster avoidance and mitigation are people-oriented, and ensuring the safety of public life and property is the primary task of disaster prevention and mitigation, so as to minimize the casualties caused by natural disasters and the harm to social and economic development.

In the face of natural disasters, scientific defense, from early blind disaster resistance to active disaster avoidance in recent years, embodies the Scientific Outlook on Development in disaster prevention and mitigation. Strategic measure 3: Monitoring and early warning, relying on science and technology to adhere to the basic principle of "prevention first" in disaster prevention and mitigation, putting the monitoring, forecasting and early warning of disasters in a very prominent position, and attaching great importance to and doing a good job in releasing early warning information for the whole society, including social vulnerable groups.

Meteorological disaster is a kind of sudden public events with long warning time and high forecasting accuracy. Strengthening the short-term and imminent forecasting of disastrous weather, strengthening the production of early warning signals of sudden meteorological disasters and strengthening the release of meteorological early warning information are important scientific and technological guarantees to improve the level of disaster prevention and mitigation. We should rely on science and technology to improve the comprehensive quality of disaster prevention and reduction.

by strengthening scientific research and technological development in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation, adopting and popularizing advanced monitoring, forecasting, early warning, prevention and emergency treatment technologies and facilities, and giving full play to the role of experts and professionals, the scientific and technological level of dealing with natural disasters will be improved. The practice of typhoon defense in 25 fully embodies the important role of modern meteorological science and technology in preventing Taiwan and resisting Taiwan.

The new generation weather radar, automatic weather stations, mobile weather stations and meteorological satellites have improved the ability to monitor the latest trends of typhoons in real time. Numerical forecast products provide a reference for accurately forecasting the future path of typhoons, making forecasters more confident and confident in forecasting severe weather such as typhoons, and providing a scientific basis for accurate and advanced forecasting; Key forecasters play an important role in typhoon forecasting service. Strategic measure 4: awareness of disaster prevention, and popularization of the public by the whole people is the main body of disaster prevention.

To enhance the sense of hardship and nip in the bud, disaster prevention and mitigation requires the general public to enhance their awareness of disaster prevention, understand and master the knowledge of disaster avoidance. When natural disasters happen, ordinary people can know how to deal with the disaster situation, how to protect themselves and help others.

*** and social organizations should organize and publicize disaster knowledge and train disaster professionals or volunteers. Through books, newspapers, audio-visual products and electronic publications, radio, television and the Internet, relevant departments widely publicize common sense of prevention, risk avoidance, self-help, mutual rescue and disaster reduction, so as to enhance the public's sense of hardship, social responsibility and self-help and mutual rescue ability.

through the action of "disaster prevention (mitigation) into communities, campuses, enterprises and villages", the grass-roots community residents, the majority of primary and secondary school students, employees of enterprises, farmers in rural areas, especially in remote areas, and socially disadvantaged groups will enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, master basic skills of disaster avoidance, self-help and mutual rescue, and achieve the purpose of disaster reduction. Disaster prevention and mitigation needs to start with dolls and incorporate disaster and disaster emergency knowledge into the teaching content of primary and secondary schools.

relevant departments should compile publicity manuals and materials for natural disaster prevention, widely publicize and popularize disaster knowledge, emergency management knowledge and disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge, and improve grassroots people's ability to participate in emergency management and save themselves. The public should fully understand the important role of disaster early warning information, understand the meaning of all kinds of early warning information, and take active and effective responses according to different early warning information and different early warning levels when receiving disaster early warning information.

it is necessary to establish a wide and smooth distribution channel for early warning information. Early warning information is released by radio, telephone, SMS, block display screen and Internet, and important early warning information can be instantly inserted and broadcasted in TV programs.

relevant departments can ensure that disaster warning information reaches effective users within effective time, so that they have the opportunity to take effective defensive measures to reduce casualties and property losses. In recent years, in the major meteorological early warning information service, meteorological departments have presented meteorological information for decision-making to relevant departments of * * *, at the same time, they have broadcasted meteorological warnings on TV, and released meteorological early warning information to users by using mobile phone short messages, so that grassroots cadres and the masses have a good idea of the early warning situation, thus solving the "last mile" problem of meteorological products from the meteorological bureau to ordinary users, and achieved good results.

strategic measure 5: emergency mechanism, rapid response * * *, relevant departments need to establish an emergency management mechanism with unified command, sensitive response, complete functions, orderly coordination and efficient operation. "Quick response and coordinated response" is the core of emergency mechanism.

disaster prevention and mitigation involves all aspects, and it needs the organization and leadership of * * *, and all departments actively respond. In the emergency management of meteorological disasters, meteorological departments have strengthened the horizontal linkage and close cooperation with news, water conservancy, civil affairs, safety supervision, ocean, agriculture, forestry, environment and other departments, established an emergency linkage mechanism, and incorporated meteorological work into the public service system at all levels.

it is necessary to strengthen the construction of emergency response teams based on territorial management, establish a linkage and coordination system, fully mobilize and give play to the roles of towns, communities, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and volunteer teams, and rely on public strength to form a standardized and efficient disaster management workflow. Strategic measure 6: classified disaster prevention, aiming at the line.

5. knowledge about natural disasters ~

1. typhoon warning signal typhoon warning signal is divided into four levels according to approaching time and intensity, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) meaning of typhoon blue warning signal: it may be affected by tropical depression within 24 hours, and the average wind force can reach above 6 or the gust is above 7; Or have been affected by the tropical depression, the average wind force is 6~7, or the gust is 7~8 and may continue. Defense Guide: 1. Prepare for windproof; 2. Pay attention to the latest news of tropical depression reported by relevant media and the notice on wind prevention; 3, doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by tropical depression.

(2) meaning of yellow warning signal for typhoon: it may be affected by tropical storm within 24 hours, and the average wind force can reach above 8 or the gust is above 9; Or have been affected by tropical storms, the average wind force is 8-9, or the gust is 9-1 and may continue. Defense Guide: 1. Enter the windproof state and suggest that kindergartens and nurseries be closed; 2, close the doors and windows, residents in dangerous areas and dangerous buildings, and ships should take shelter from the wind, notify outdoor workers such as high altitude and water to stop working, and evacuate the workers in dangerous areas; 3, cut off the neon signs and dangerous outdoor power supply; 4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately; Other typhoon blue warning signals.

(3) typhoon orange warning signal meaning: it may be strong within 12 hours.