The Historical Evolution of Hongmiao Village

According to the memories of the "three elders" in the village, before liberation, there were less than 4 households with more than 15 people in Hongmiao Village, with the surnames of Tong, Xu and Li as the majority. There were 6 households with the surname of Tong, 5 households with the surname of Xu, 7 households with the surname of Li, and other surnames such as Zhang, Wang, Yan and Ma. Most of the villagers immigrated here from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. It is said that "Ask my ancestors where they came from, Shanxi Hongtong big locust tree. What is the name of the ancestral home, the old stork nest under the big locust tree? " There are four ancient plaques that can be collected and inspected in the village, and a celebration plaque with the words "Fengdao Meng Kang" is hung in Tong Delin's old house. The deceased Xu Zhenhai's family kept a plaque with the words "straight square end". At the top of the door of Tong Chunshan's former building, there was a plaque with the words "Chu Xian You Xu" in gold on a blue background. On the hall of Tong Decai's ancestral home, a celebration plaque was hung, with the words "Fu Yan Ji Chou" written on it. In the "Cultural Revolution", a wooden cabinet was made in the name of lending his son to get married, so it was preserved. After investigation, the four ancient plaques were all antiquities from the late Ming Dynasty to Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty. During the "Cultural Revolution", a heavy stone tablet was unearthed in the village, with the name "Tong Dayou" written on it, the words "sealed by the imperial edict of the Qing Emperor", and the words "worked as an official in Tianshui and Qingshui County, Gansu Province" were smashed in the "Four Old Houses" and disappeared.

The land in Hongmiao Village is mainly distributed in the west of the village. People used to call it Toudaoling, Erdaoling and Sandaoling, and then the famous Tanhualing in the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, palace examination was held after the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. The third place in palace examination is Flower Exploration. After attending the Flower Exploration Banquet, I often take a chariot to visit this ridge, go boating in the South Lake, and see exotic flowers and plants such as Lagerstroemia indica and Paeonia lactiflora on the side of the ridge, as well as Zhanghu hibiscus. This ridge runs ten miles from north to south and is about three feet high. There was a big stone in the north of the ridge, engraved with the words "Tanhualing". According to legend, there was an ancient tomb of the Zhang family on Toudaoling in the west of the village, and an epitaph was erected with the words "Ming presented to General Xuanwu". According to the descendants of Zhang's grave keeper, the owner of the tomb was his ancestor Zhang Zhiming, who was a fierce soldier under the account of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and died in the battle. I only found my body from the battlefield, but my head was never found. After the emperor cast a silver head and buried it here together.

in the 197s, there was a earthen platform about p>2 feet high in the north of the village, covering an area of about 1 mu, on which a great hall was built, which was called Loutai Temple, and there was a private school in the middle of the Republic of China. Behind the temple, there is a deep ditch several miles long and three feet wide, which was excavated by Liu Zhenhua, a warlord from Henan Province, when he besieged Xi 'an in 1926. There is a temple called Guandi Temple in the south-east of the village, and Niangniangpo Temple in the west, which is a place for women to pray for their children. In the late Republic of China, it was converted into a primary school. Before liberation, there was a brick tower about 5 feet high in the west outside the south gate of the village, which was built to ward off evil spirits, protect the prosperity of the village and the well-being of the villagers. After investigation, it was a thing in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

There is a big waterlogging pond in the north of the south village, each with an area of more than one acre, which is a place where rainwater in the whole village collects, and it is also a place where people come back from farming to wash, women wash clothes and children play in the water in summer. After the Cultural Revolution, it was filled in and turned into a homestead.

According to the account of the Party history of Pingliang City (prefectural party committee) in Gansu Province, Zhou Zhixue (195 ~ 1932), a revolutionary martyr, was born in Xitan village near Chang 'an. After graduating from school in 1926, he supervised the re-election documents of a Liu Wenbo brigade of Li Huchen's department in Shaanxi Province. During Liu Zhenhua's siege of Xi 'an, he served as the secretary of the League branch of this department in Hongmiao village in the south of the city, engaged in military transport, and later served as the secretary of Shaanxi Province. In December of the same year, Xi 'an was cleared. In September 1932, he went to Guyuan to participate in the mutiny, and formed the seventh detachment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. On the way to Pingliang, he was surrounded by the landlord's armed militia and died heroically at the age of 27.

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Hongmiao Village has always attached importance to education. In the Qing Dynasty, private schools in Chang 'an prevailed, and there were schools in every village, so the Hongmiao primary school hall came into being, which mainly taught three-character classics, thousand-character scripts, literacy textbooks or explained the four books and five classics. According to the Records of Yanta District, in 197, four primary schools were established in Hongmiao, Zhangbagou, Cha Zhang Cun and Zhanghuzhai. According to the imperial edict issued by the Great Qing Dynasty in 196, the school mainly includes moral education, loyalty to the monarch, respect for Confucius, respect for reality and other courses. In 1915, all primary schools were changed into primary schools. Courses such as self-cultivation, performance of classics, Chinese language, arithmetic, gymnastics and singing are offered, with no more than 2 students. In the early days of liberation, the author studied at Hongmiao Primary School. At first, it was only set up in the fourth grade, and it was only in the early 196 s that it was changed to a complete primary school. At that time, the Chinese texts mainly included "Wolf coming", "My mother sewed my cotton-padded clothes, how hard my mother sewed clothes, so I should cherish wearing cotton-padded clothes" and "Cats fishing". Arithmetic is only general addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. There are less than 1 teachers and more than 1 students in the school, mainly the children of farmers in the nearby villages of Yuanqizhai, Yujiazhuang, Pushang and Hongmiao. In 29, Hongmiao Primary School was rebuilt, the classrooms with red tiles and blue bricks were demolished, and a three-story teaching building was built with an investment of 85, yuan. In 21, there were 16 teaching staff in Hongmiao Primary School, including 14 teachers. There are 7.7 mu of teaching space, 2, square meters of school buildings, 6 classes and 3 students. There is also a kindergarten class, which enrolls 43 preschool children and 3 kindergarten teachers. More than 1, students have studied in this school in the past 1 years.

In 195s, the first college student in Hongmiao Village, Tong Chongzheng (1937 ~ 23), attended Shaanxi Normal University. After graduation, he first taught at No.52 Middle School in Xi 'an, and later served as deputy general manager and chairman of the trade union of Xi 'an Oriental Hotel. Villager Tong Zhiyuan (1932 ~ 1997) was a director of Shaanxi National Painting and Calligraphy Institute. He had a wide range of hobbies, including piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and poetry and drama. He once wrote a seven-character crown poem praising Sino-Japanese friendship according to the name of Japanese calligraphy enthusiast and TV drama director, and presented it as a calligraphy work to Mr. Hua Songzheng Bu. Poetry says:

The flowers are full of red leaves and green fragrance, and the pines and bamboos are young.

it's the day when purple gas comes to the east, and it's good luck to prophesy the tortoise spirit.

On the occasion of the third anniversary of Tong Zhiyuan's death, a Japanese friend, Mr. Hua Songzheng Bu, made a special trip to mourn his dead friend, burn incense and pay homage, which became a much-told story in Hongmiao Village.

Xu Zhengjie (1932 ~ 21), a retired cadre, was the former director of Xi 'an Forging Machine Tool Factory. He was one of the seven model workers in Shaanxi Province in 1965. He gloriously attended the National Model Workers' Congress and the National Day ceremony in 1965, and was received and photographed by the leaders of Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other countries. On December 1th of the same year, he attended the Northwest Industrial Transportation Conference held by the Central Northwest Bureau in Xi 'an, and was received by Liu Lantao, the first secretary of the Northwest Bureau, and took a group photo together.

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Before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, Hongmiao Village mainly planted wheat, corn, millet and cotton. After the household rural land contract responsibility system was implemented in 198, according to the government's plan, some land began to grow grain and some land grew vegetables. The vegetables in Hongmiao Village became famous in the nearby Qiliba Township. In the early morning, crowds of human tricycles set out loaded with all kinds of fresh vegetables, and returned empty in the afternoon, forming a beautiful landscape. From single grain growing to cash crops, villagers gradually got rid of the long-term poverty.

In p>1999, the agricultural economy of Hongmiao Village began to undergo fundamental changes. Attracting foreign investment, leasing land, and starting the rational circulation of rural contracted land. Develop commodity economy, develop land resources and improve agricultural production efficiency. In that year, more than 1 enterprises were introduced to invest in renting land to set up factories, resulting in a number of individual enterprises such as Shaanxi Juwei Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Agricultural Ecological Park, Xi 'an Yanta Tanhualing Modern Agricultural Development Center, Xi 'an Yanta Wanhualing Nursery, Xi 'an Modern High-efficiency Breeding Farm and Xi 'an Qinchuan Cattle Breeding Base. The village * * * leased 45 mu of land, and 6 villagers benefited successively. More than 1 villagers raised their own funds and set up a vermicelli processing factory by using the idle courtyard in front of and behind the house.

As Xi 'an High-tech Development Zone extends southward, many high-tech enterprises have "zero distance" contact with villages. A large number of migrant workers poured into the village to rent houses, and the original street in Hongmiao Village became a three-vertical and four-horizontal pattern. Most of the villagers' houses have been built on the third floor, and 9% of the farmers have become rental households, and none of them are engaged in farming. The per capita annual income of farmers exceeds 1, yuan, exceeding the annual per capita income level of 9,391 yuan in Zhangba Sub-district Office of Yanta District in 21.

In p>1984, 46, yuan of self-raised funds were used to complete the hardening project of cement pavements in most streets in the village, and later sewers were built and street lamps were installed. In 29, it invested 6, yuan to build water towers and pipe network facilities. Two health centers have been restored, and all villagers have participated in the new rural cooperative medical system. In 21, it invested 1, yuan to build a fitness venue for villagers, and purchased and installed sports equipment. Invested 6, yuan to build the office building of the village committee. Bus No.526 and No.52, bus No.928 and Huxian bus all set up stations at Hongmiao, which greatly facilitated the villagers' travel and economic development.