Suitable for college students' entrepreneurial direction

College students' entrepreneurial groups are different from social makers. On the one hand, college students should compete with social makers in dislocation, follow the principle of "speed in incremental market and integration in stock market", and pay attention to giving play to their unique advantages of "being in harmony with people at the right time". On the other hand, they should take the right path when choosing projects, adhere to the entrepreneurial concept of "a gentleman loves money and takes it wisely", and don't go astray, take shortcuts or cross the red line.

On the one hand, college students should compete with social creators when choosing projects. Image source: vision china

The direction of entrepreneurial projects that can be referenced.

1. Learn Taobao from the current university laboratory.

The knowledge achievements of colleges and universities can be divided into three aspects: first, enterprise technological innovation projects jointly developed or cooperated with off-campus enterprises, which basically lock in intellectual property rights; second, basic frontier theoretical research, which is often ahead of the current market application, can be the focus of long-term attention and follow-up, but this field is often either zero or 100, full of technical risks; The third is the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities. Every year, a large number of papers and projects are blocked due to policies, school-enterprise cooperation, restructuring and other reasons. But now the national policy encourages the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In the past, the results were generally realized, jointly developed or sold directly, but now the policy guides teachers and students to create and convert the results into equity.

Among them, the third aspect should be the focus of college students' entrepreneurship Taobao, because it not only has the blessing of scientific and technological achievements, but also the pouring of high-end intelligence and campus resources, which has made a good start for the business model and resource matching of follow-up projects.

Scientific and technological achievements transformation projects should also learn to distinguish. First of all, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements should be combined with market research to evaluate and demonstrate the possibility of transforming new technologies into products and products replacing the market. Academic progress certainly represents technological progress and the substitution of reality. At present, one of the key areas supported by a country and policy is import substitution, which can be used as a breakthrough direction of concern and inclination; The other is the substitution of new species. The theme of cost or efficiency substitution will often increase the cost infinitely in the market and competition, which is not desirable for college students to make makers.

Secondly, some scientific and technological achievements have different incubation and transformation times, so we should also pay attention to screening. In principle, hard science and technology fields such as new energy, new materials, aerospace science and technology, advanced manufacturing, Internet of Things, robots and artificial intelligence encouraged by the state are the focus of attention, while biotechnology, medicine, modern agriculture, marine science and technology and other general cycles are particularly long, and there are threshold requirements for disciplines, majors and specialties. At the same time, a series of scientific and technological achievements involving national defense, military conversion, confidentiality and so on, although the policies are constantly loosened, have long relied too much on policies and resources, which has strong uncertainty and is a niche market with high threshold. Some military colleges or universities with military background and undertaking military projects have inherent advantages in technological transformation from military to civilian. However, in the absence of relevant resources and qualifications, college students are not recommended to participate in military projects or military applications with relatively high thresholds in the early stage.

2. Asset-light strategic model

In order to break through the shackles of resources on innovation and creativity in the physical world, college students' own resources and capital are limited. It is necessary to learn how to choose projects in the digital world by using the light asset model, which is also conducive to the docking of subsequent equity financing. However, the light asset strategy model is not to give up the asset investment in some key links of the project, but to incite the heavy asset links through the leverage model or the * * * economic model. We can adopt various forms of strategic business cooperation and shareholding, lay out the field of total assets (involving heavy assets such as land, equipment, manufacturing, capital precipitation, etc.), and make heavy assets lighter to form a moat, which can be carried out in various strategic ways of light assets. Improve the use direction of funds (R&D, marketing and sales) and reduce the crowding out of funds in manufacturing and circulation.

3. Facing consumption

Around the most thoughtful, cutting-edge and trendy new generation of consumer groups, there are huge opportunities to upgrade their industries in the fields of food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical entertainment, financial examination, employment and study abroad, because the average monthly number of college students' consumer groups is basically between 800 and 2,000, and their consumption habits, preferences and behaviors have changed greatly, paying more attention to diversified, customized, personalized and online celebrity-oriented consumer products, so it is very important to pay attention to some categories in between. Due to the emergence of new retail, especially the emergence of new consumption channels such as unmanned shelves and unmanned retail, many explosive leisure snack enterprises have been born.

However, the consumption-oriented project is a huge test for the team. It not only needs to ponder consumers' tastes and preferences, research products, improve experience and customer stickiness, but also needs online and offline communication, which is delicious and fun, sharing and spreading through photos, and has the characteristics of network celebrities spread from the media.

4. Creative orientation

With the upgrading of consumption, especially the popularization of content payment, a wave of spiritual products, such as audio, video, pictures, novels and movies, have emerged. , has detonated the cultural and creative industries, because their consumers are both consumers and content participants and creators. College students are accustomed to parties, trade fairs, speeches, self-endorsement and the second-generation model, which contains huge industrial opportunities. IP and personal branding, highlighting the ideas of the times and the tonality of personal brands, have become the key track and entrepreneurial outlet to attract young makers, especially college students.

However, due to the chaotic development in this field in recent years, it has also brought many problems to the industry. At present, due to the guidance problem, the supervision in this field will be gradually strengthened and the threshold will be higher and higher. It is necessary to find a good breakthrough point and balance point between content creation and regulatory red line, but also need precipitation and timing, as well as the opportunity to explode products.

5. Integration oriented

The combination of technology and grounded gas products has produced the chemical effect of "1+1"2 ". The link and integration of technology and cultural creativity, finance and other application scenarios brings huge imagination space, such as the combination of artificial intelligence and various sub-sectors, such as the integration of blockchain technology and various industries. This innovation is subversive. On the one hand, it reshuffles and upgrades the existing market to seize customers, on the other hand, it can also play a low-dimensional role. After all, the price war that has been tried and tested in traditional industries before, in the face of free software and hardware charges, there is no direct power to return to heaven.

However, entrepreneurship in this field needs to be able to deeply integrate technology and application scenarios, which depends on the accurate grasp of the target population. This is a great challenge for college entrepreneurs, but it has a bright future and is also a key track for capital-intensive attention.

6. Grafting oriented

At present, many traditional industries are at a loss in the face of the new economic wave. The transformation and upgrading of the original team and industrial base are weak, lacking innovative talents, innovative thinking and innovative models. There are great opportunities for entrepreneurship and times in this field. College students can combine new ideas and new models with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, find the right entry point, reposition new projects, and cooperate with old and new enterprises to build new businesses.

I contacted a college student entrepreneurial team that started from the mobile Internet. At first, they also focused on the hot spots in the university market. In the past two years, the hot social activities, e-commerce, part-time jobs, running errands and staging have been pushed on the platform one after another, and basically all died halfway, and the financing is also very unsatisfactory, but it has exercised the team's strong online and offline promotion ability. By chance, they came into contact with a Fujian tea merchant who was trying to transform. After several times of business cooperation, they all established trust points and career convergence points. As a result, the soldiers joined hands to set up new enterprises and brands, and formed a team of co-founders. Tea business owners invest in the introduction of industrial chain resources (production bases, chain teahouses), and the team of college students bring their specialties (online and offline operations) into the incubator, which also combines their business models. The technology platform and product crowdfunding model were introduced to realize tea garden monitoring and tea tree crowdfunding, and an online and offline innovative company with Internet genes was built. In the later period, the three parties also achieved a win-win situation, where the incubator was expanded and where the tea brand was extended, which was sought after by the organization. There are also some college students' projects that are partial to development and technology, and will also convert or exchange shares with each other in the process of enterprise transformation, so as to realize the functions of self-hematopoiesis and blood exchange, and win space and time for the continuous operation and docking capital of subsequent projects.

7. Anti-evil oriented

Due to the profit-seeking nature of business, social makers have great differences in choosing entrepreneurial projects. Some people stick to the business bottom line of "a gentleman loves money and takes it wisely", but others use the weakness of human nature to induce bad consumption.

In the past, many social enterprises focused on the characteristics of concentrated consumption, many consumers and irrational consumption in colleges and universities, tricking or inducing college students to spend beyond their ability to pay: high consumption, medical beauty consumption, financial loans and so on. , and even some application software applications such as exams, substitute classes, skipping classes and pornographic live broadcasts. At present, this area has been severely cleaned up and cleared by the national education department, but there are still many budding varieties such as WeChat business, pyramid schemes and campus beauty contests active in the campus market.

With the progress of national laws and regulations and commercial civilization, there are huge business opportunities on the opposite side of this evil company. How to prevent these bad enterprises from harming consumers, especially the students on campus, has created new entrepreneurial opportunities in the fields of information security, food security, campus security, aerospace security and personal safety.

For example, for campus guards in the field of campus information security, such as suppressing drone projects and anti-media fraud projects, to solve the problem of drone flying.

8 For NGOs.

At present, social organizations and public welfare projects have become a track for college students' entrepreneurial options because of their great influence, non-profit, public welfare organizations and cross-border and border coordination. The personality, consumption habits and boundaries of the new generation of college students are far from the world outlook of the post-70s and post-80s. The creativity, experiment and perfection of a project are likely to be supported and operated by a small multinational team, and non-governmental organizations, public welfare and social enterprises have also become the choices of the new generation. In fact, from the perspective of the post-90s generation that I contacted, they are more responsible and have more courage to give up others. Therefore, college students should use their own skills to establish business or interpersonal networks.

Many college students have almost participated in various societies and official or unofficial public welfare organizations inside and outside the school. Because of their public welfare, these projects basically rely on fund-raising to maintain their operations. However, some projects have begun to explore the construction of a firewall between business and public welfare, so that public welfare can continue to operate. For example, they are linked to charitable donations in the form of participating in projects, consulting, reading, marathon and sports synchronization. On the one hand, they gather traffic and realize it through advertising, e-commerce and finance. On the other hand, they have achieved public welfare and created great social value. As a non-profit organization, it needs to innovate its business model, and change the original model of relying on government grants and social donations into a long-term operation model of replacing the government's purchase of precision services and third-party procurement services with products and services.

9. imitation-oriented

This is the safest choice, and it is also the first choice for many entrepreneurs when they first choose their entrepreneurial projects. After all, the slogan all over the street is "imitation is also innovation", so we see that many entrepreneurs still follow the entrepreneurial path choice decades ago, or chase hot spots, but these hot spots and hot spots are artificially detonated by venture capital institutions in advance and choose opportunities, with the aim of sizzling the whole track and attracting subsequent financing or takeover.

This entrepreneurial option is no longer suitable for the current entrepreneurial project selection. Imitation seems to have the lowest cost, but in fact the system cost is the highest. After all, in the past, everyone could squeeze the industrial profits of demographic dividend and policy dividend through imitation, but now, it can't compete at low prices because the competitors are free or even paid. Imitation strategy and follow-up strategy can not only complete shuffling, but also set the overall situation. Imitation itself is the embodiment of lack of innovation and its own core competence, and it does not have the value of being acquired by giants or capital.

But it also includes other entrepreneurial opportunities, such as serving the projects and individuals chasing the wind and doing third-party services-becoming a canvas seller and water seller on the gold rush road.

The service industry has always been a hot spot for imitators. At present, there are many opportunities for imitation, but it should also be integrated and upgraded with online, big data, new retail and other fields.

10. Personal IP network celebrities

With the emergence of media such as self-media, the network celebrity economy or attention economy has become a wave in the new economic wave. By creating personal IP, we can attract the attention of the media and the public, attract media resources and traffic resources, and then realize commercial realization through grafting projects.

No matter Sister Furong, who showed off her figure before, or MC Tianyou, who was drunk, or Ma Jiajia and papi sauce, which have been commercialized, they quickly became popular because they caught consumers' preferences and realized commercial realization.

In addition, in the past two years, with the dividend release of the double innovation policy, some Jia Yueting-style online celebrity started to appear. They deliberately went to win rankings and bonuses, contacted local policies and got subsidies, and were labeled as post-X0 rookies. It is basically difficult to see their project products in the market, but they shine in the spotlight of major media, and they themselves have become online celebrities. Some people will realize the network celebrity flow and introduce capital into the products on the project, while others will cross the border into the entertainment circle.

The key of this model still depends on individual characteristics, content stickiness and final business orientation.

At present, the policy orientation and venture capital of the whole country are focused on Industry-University-Research, especially the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which contains a large number of gold mines and huge business opportunities. Image source: vision china

1 1. Agent-oriented

Whether you join the Net Red Tea Shop, Lottery Shop or the new campus agent in online celebrity, it is a good starting point for starting a business. With strong corporate backing and market support, you can become a store manager, campus agent and regional general agent, which is similar to becoming a distributor and agent of traditional enterprises in previous decades.

However, in the process of participation, we must also maintain business acumen. De-intermediation, manufacturers dismantling donkeys and killing donkeys, platform policies, etc. Will have an impact and subversion on entrepreneurship.

As aborigines in the online world, college students have become accustomed to online life and shopping. They should pay attention to the changes of new models, big data, blockchain and other technologies to the business, and look for suitable business opportunities during this period.

Policy orientation.

At present, the policy orientation focuses on two aspects, one is that college students return to their hometowns to start businesses, and the other is the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

At present, the policy of college students returning to their hometowns to start businesses has become a key part of the rural revitalization strategy. Some cities and counties have made arrangements in advance in the local high school stage and established relevant communities to interact in time.