How do solar terms songs reflect the farming seasons? Bonus points for scientific knowledge in the first volume of Grade 6

Inscription: After long-term observation and practice, the ancients gradually mastered the laws of natural climate and phenological changes, and divided the year into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. There are six solar terms, and there are twenty-four solar terms. The twenty-four solar terms are also condensed into songs, which are catchy and easy for people to memorize to guide farming and daily life. It embodies the insights and wisdom of the ancients who grasped and respected nature, followed the laws of nature to arrange production and life, and coexisted and lived in harmony with nature.

"Song of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms" says: The spring rain shocks the clear valley sky, the summer is full of awns and the summer heat is connected; the dew in autumn is cold and frost falls, and there is snow in winter and a small severe cold in winter.

Chapter 1: Spring

1. The Beginning of Spring

Like a key, it opens the door lock of the season. A capital spring stands up and strides through the winter. threshold, walking on the earth.

In this season, the cold winter has not completely retreated and is still struggling, but the footsteps of spring are already approaching.

The east wind sounded the clarion call for the final attack on the end of winter.

The harsh winter finally failed to freeze the life, life has sprouted, and the season has begun a new cycle.

The time around the beginning of spring coincides with the Spring Festival, commonly known as the Chinese New Year. This is the most solemn festival of the Chinese nation. As soon as the twelfth lunar month comes, the sound of firecrackers will be heard in the market, and accompanied by the fragrance of gunpowder, the flavor of the New Year will waft in the air. After drinking "Laba" porridge, the flavor of the new year is getting stronger day by day like fermentation. It can't be resisted by the wind, snow and severe cold, and it spreads in cities and villages. After the "Cizao" firecrackers went off, as the Spring Festival approached step by step, people began to be "busy in the New Year". Every household was busy cleaning the house, steaming dumplings, steaming rice cakes, killing pigs and chickens, and the flavor of the New Year was infused in the city. Can't be dissolved. On New Year's Eve, red Spring Festival couplets are posted, red lanterns are hung, lanterns are decorated, and the sound of firecrackers explodes into a pot of porridge. The whole world celebrates, families reunite, say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, and receive good fortune and good fortune. This New Year Then it reached its climax. Then, we pay New Year greetings on the first day of the lunar month, visit relatives on the second day of the lunar month, send off the new year on the third day of the lunar month, and celebrate the "Lantern Festival" on the 15th day of the first lunar month. It is not until the "dragon raises its head" on the second lunar month that the year finally comes to an end. A new year has begun again.

2. Rainwater

Water comes from the sky. After the beginning of spring, the east wind thaws, the ice and snow melt, turning into rain.

After a long and harsh winter, the earth is so thirsty that green smoke rises, the fields are cracked, and the vegetation is withered. How I look forward to a sweet rain!

At this time, the air began to become moist, and white clouds floated in the sky. The rain is hiding in those gentle clouds. If you don't pay attention, with a breeze or a bird's cry, it will fall into the embrace of the earth and nourish all living beings.

This is the blessing of God! The grass eagerly poked its head out from under the soil and cheered; the winter jasmine smiled happily; the buds on the wicker puffed up their little mouths and blew a green whistle.

3. The Waking of Insects

Spring thunder exploded! Awakening hibernating animals. A creature that wakes up from a dream takes a breath of fresh air, rubs its sleepy eyes, stretches, yawns, stretches its muscles and bones, and gathers enough energy to prepare for an earth-shattering life drama.

"The dragon raises its head" after the Waking of Insects. The black dragon, which had been dormant all winter, jumped into the sky with thunder and wind, and began to spread clouds and rain, dominating the world. The snake crawled out of the cave to bask in the sun. Its stiff body became soft and agile, and after a while it was walking like the wind. Ants swarmed and were busy moving. The voles crawled into the field ridges, looking for the crops left behind in the autumn. Insects complete their metamorphosis, emerge from their cocoons, enter a new season, and look for a new life.

The Waking of Insects is the most thrilling and enlightening chapter in the masterpiece The Twenty-Four Solar Terms! From then on, the dead silence of winter is broken between heaven and earth, announcing that the climax of lightning, thunder, storms and all things competing is about to come.

4. Spring Equinox

What a word "equinox"! Like a pair of scissors, time is cut into two, half is day and half is night. The universe is equal in day and night, and yin and yang are balanced.

Astronomically speaking, the real spring in the Northern Hemisphere has begun!

At this time, the earth is full of vitality. The willows put on green spring clothes, the dreams of the wheat seedlings have turned green, and the Tao Lei and Xing Lei shyly pursed their lips, wanting to sing a spring ditty.

Farmers plow open the passionate land, sow the seeds of hope and sow new dreams.

Spring is gradually growing up!

5. Qingming

Qingming, what a poetic name! "The steps are full of willows and green silk smoke, painting the second day of the Qingming Festival." "The peaches and plums smile during the Qingming festival, and the grass and trees in the suburbs are soft under the rain." It can be said that Qingming is the most beautiful and bright time in the entire spring.

This is a romantic and passionate season. You see: Swallows ride on the east wind, carrying the news of spring in their mouths, from south to north, traveling from house to house, carrying the news of spring. Peach blossoms and apricot blossoms are smiling, dressing up and cheering for spring. The wheat begins to joint, the rape blossoms turn yellow with laughter, and the grass writes green verses. The rivers sang the sound of spring. Birds are busy building love nests and performing romantic affairs in this romantic season. < /p>

Qingming Festival is another sad festival. Du Mu's poem "Qingming" wrote: "It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die. If I ask where the restaurant is, the shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village." According to legend, the Qingming Festival originated from the Cold Food Festival. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Wen of Jin ordered a nationwide fire ban for three days in order to commemorate Jie Zhitui, a retired hero who was burned to death in Mianshan, Shanxi Province. Later, because the Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival were close in time, the two festivals were combined into one. Due to historical changes and vicissitudes of life, the custom of banning fire and eating cold food during the Qingming Festival has been lost, but customs such as tomb sweeping, outing, and willow planting continue to this day. In order to carry forward China's excellent traditional culture, in recent years, Qingming Festival, along with Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, have been designated as legal holidays by the country, allowing people to visit tombs and enjoy the spring. Therefore, Qingming is the only special festival among the twenty-four solar terms that is both a solar term and a festival.

6. Guyu

Guyu is the last solar term in spring.

During this season, in late spring, in the south of the Yangtze River, "the poplars have all fallen and their children are crowing", "the cherries have turned red, and the bananas have turned green"; in the north, flowers are also in full bloom, and the spirit of spring is fading.

Rain brings forth hundreds of grains. A farmer's proverb goes: "Before and after Grain Rain, plant melons and beans." When the cuckoo sounds encourage farmers, it is a good time for sowing. Farmers put on raincoats and hats to plant seedlings and plant hundreds of grains in the drizzle, sowing seeds for a good year and looking forward to a good harvest.

"Spring rain is as precious as oil." After Grain Rain, God is no longer stingy and it rains more and more. The continuous spring rain "sneaks into the night with the wind, moistening everything silently", nourishing the crops and trees so that they grow vigorously and lushly, and the earth is lush and green.

Spring is like a one-act short play. It has just begun and then ends in a hurry. It ends abruptly just as it reaches its climax, making people reluctant to leave. Only its beauty and ephemerality are precious.

The season has sent out green invitations to summer.

Chapter 2: Summer

1. Beginning of Summer

Spring came belatedly, and before it had time to hand over to summer, it went back in a hurry, and summer came as scheduled. to.

The seasons in the north are like the changing of faces in Sichuan Opera. The boundaries between seasons are not clear, as if one season has entered another overnight.

This is the season of "green, fat, red and thin". The fallen flowers are colorful, and the remaining red leaves cherish the spring.

And green has become the dominant color of this season. The mountains, rivers and fields are rolling with green waves and lush, showing the unrestrained passion of summer.

2. Xiaoman

During this solar term, wheat crops begin to fill, and the grains gradually become full but not yet mature, so it is called "Xiaoman".

Ouyang Xiu's "The south wind blows all the grass, and the grass and trees are deep and the hut is small. The ears of wheat are in full bloom, and the mulberry leaves are fat and full. The old man is happy to be mature every year, and the married woman knows that the season is good. "The evening orioles are singing in the wild, the pomegranates are singing red in the sea" and Fan Chengda's "The mountains are full of green and the rivers are full of white, the rain is like smoke in the sound of the wind, there are few people in the countryside, and the sericulture is being planted in the fields." Pastoral poetry is a vivid portrayal of the scenery and farming activities of this season.

At this time, the wheat has already grown to a full height, proudly showing off the wheat ears high up, like sharp arrows shooting into the sky. The sharp thorns were like silver needles, protecting the wheat grains from being invaded. They pricked the hands of the greedy girl and aunty, causing pain and air-conditioning.

Oh! Plants also have magic weapons for self-protection. It seems that all lives have equal rights to survive!

3. Miscanthus

Miscanthus is busy planting, harvesting and planting in summer.

At this time, Jiangnan has entered the Huangmei season, with continuous rain and misty mist.

In the north, the hot south wind in midsummer blows the dream of ripe wheat, and the fields are filled with golden waves. Farmers polish their sickles with sunshine and are busy harvesting mature hopes while sowing golden dreams.

During the Dragon Boat Festival, people race dragon boats, make rice dumplings, hang calamus and plant mugwort to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. The pomegranate flowers are like fire, igniting endless emotions; the green moxa leaves are only willing to drive away evil spirits and pray for blessings!

4. Summer Solstice

As the saying goes: "As short as the winter solstice, as long as the summer solstice." This is the longest day of the year.

The temperature is getting higher and higher, showing off the hot personality of summer. The fields of hope are rippling with blue waves and rolling green waves. In the lotus pond, the wind-filled lotuses are in full bloom, blooming with fragrant beauty and full of colorful summer poetry.

Cicadas sing frog drums, one after another, rising excitedly, cheering for the hot summer.

5. Slight Heat

The scorching heat is scorching, and the sun is like fire. The season has entered the "dog days", and life has also entered its vigorous period. The mountains, rivers and wilderness show the vigorous tension of life everywhere!

"In June, the face of a child changes at will." God's temper is getting more and more irritable, and he gets angry at every turn, with lightning and thunder, and heavy rain pouring down. After the storm, people smile again and set up a gorgeous rainbow in the sky; or "the sun rises in the east and rains in the west, but there is sunshine when there is no sunshine", which is full of humor.

6. Great Heat

This is the hottest period of the year. The heat is steaming and the heat wave hits you, showing the fiery passion of summer.

During this season, there is abundant rain and scorching heat. The crops are growing like crazy. Standing in the fields, you can hear the sound of crops jointing. This is the favorite music of farmers. Listening to it makes the farmers feel elated and intoxicated.

The cicadas seemed unable to bear the heat and kept shouting endlessly.

After dinner, people went to the open space to enjoy the cool air, swaying cattail fans and holding hands with Zhang Chang and Li Dan, but the most interesting topic they talked about was always how the year was going.

The hot summer has completed its life journey in this exciting climax, and it is not even time to send an invitation to autumn.

Chapter 3: Autumn

1. Beginning of Autumn

A gust of west wind, a drizzle, and a burst of coolness in the scorching heat.

The scorching sun seems to be more fierce than before, shaking the majesty of "Autumn Tiger". But it gets cooler every day in the morning and evening.

The cicadas sing their final elegy for summer with their shrill sound. The little insect chirped and hummed an autumn song happily.

The west wind blows through the forest, and a yellow leaf falls like a butterfly. Autumn can be seen in one leaf, oh, autumn is here!

Spring grows and summer grows, autumn harvests and winter hides. In autumn, all things are finally completed and life has entered a mature stage.

In this early autumn, there is a festival full of romantic poetry called "Chinese Valentine's Day", which interprets the poignant love story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meeting in the Milky Way, and expresses the common vision of people pursuing a happy and beautiful marriage. It is deeply touching. It is the Chinese version of Valentine's Day, which is more than 1,000 years earlier than the Western love story of Romeo and Juliet. As early as the "Book of Songs? Dadong", the names of Morning Glory and Vega appeared. During the Warring States Period, there was a record of "King Huai of Chu first established the Chinese Valentine's Day". The poem "Far Altair" of the Eastern Han Dynasty is more concrete and vivid: "Far Altair is a Han woman on a bright river. She holds her slender hands and plays with the machine. All day long, nothing can be done, and her tears are as cold as rain. The river is clear and shallow, and it is a few degrees apart. ? The pond is full of water, and the pulse is speechless. "Autumn Evening" by Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu vividly depicts "The autumn light of silver candles paints the screen, and the small fan blows on the sky. The sky is as cool as water at night, and I lie down to watch the Altair and Vega." The scene of the "Chinese Valentine's Day" festival at that time. This shows that our ancestors were very imaginative and had no shortage of "romantic" sentiments.

2. At the end of the heat

At the end of the heat, the stagnation department will retreat and hide, and the heat will stop here.

At this time of year, the intense heat of summer is gradually fading away. The rain became slow, sparse and thin, with a slightly sad taste. But the weather is getting cooler and the temperature is pleasant. It is the pleasant season of "autumn coolness makes for a good sleep". Yang Wanli, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote well in "The Late Steps of Autumn Coolness": "It is not inevitable that the autumn air will be sad, but the light cold is a pleasant day. The green ponds are all gone, but the red flowers are gone, and the lotus leaves are still blooming." After surviving the scorching summer heat, , people can finally enjoy this "pleasant" autumn coolness to their heart's content.

3. White dew

The weather is getting cooler, the dew is getting whiter, and the mood of autumn is getting stronger.

The summer heat has finally subsided. The autumn breeze brings coolness, and the grass and trees condense into smoke.

On the fields, the crops have turned an attractive golden color. The farmers are busy tidying up farm tools and yards, preparing to harvest the dreams that are about to mature.

It is the Mid-Autumn Festival. On the night of March 5th, the sky is bright and the sweet osmanthus is fragrant. Climbing high and looking at the moon, you can see that the mountains are high and the water is far away, the wind is clear and the dew is white, and the moonlight is as clear as water, which makes people suddenly feel nostalgic for their hometown. "I wish you a long life and a long journey to visit the beauty of the moon." This is the most accurate summary of the Mid-Autumn Festival, and it is also the most perfect blessing to lovers in the world!

4. Autumnal Equinox

In the mid-autumn season, the yin and yang are half in phase, the day and night are even, and the cold and heat are equal. Autumn has truly begun in the Northern Hemisphere.

The sky is getting higher and bluer. The white clouds are in various shapes and forms, vying for wonders and tricks, some are leaping tigers and leaping dragons, some are lions galloping, some are snow-capped mountains, some are fluttering feathers, some are sheep wandering in the grasslands, or some are rolling waves on the sea...

The sorghum is red, the millet is yellow, the fruits and vegetables are fragrant, and the world is filled with the rich atmosphere of harvest.

This is a harvest season. After spring planting and summer growth, everything is ripe, and a heavy harvest is waiting for people to harvest and treasure.

This is another planting season. After the autumn harvest, the fields are empty, waiting for people to sow new hope.

5. Cold dew

It is late autumn when the cold dew comes. The west wind is rustling, the sky is cool and the dew is cold.

One autumn rain and one cold day. The drizzle washes away the autumn mood as cool as water. The sound of rain hitting the sycamore trees, bit by bit, conveyed a refreshing chill. The cricket's song is sad and cold.

Oh, it’s such a cool autumn day!

It is the Double Ninth Festival, the time when chrysanthemums, yellow crabs are fat. Since ancient times, beauties hurt the spring, and scribes mourned the autumn. But I thought that in the crisp autumn air, I could climb high and look into the distance, drink wine in the wind, enjoy chrysanthemums and taste crabs, and indulge in the picturesque autumn light. I have long forgotten the geometry of life, how sad it is! Liu Yuxi's "Autumn Poems" is well written: "Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely. I say that autumn is better than spring. A crane lining the clouds in the clear sky brings poetry to the blue sky." What's more, autumn has a profound meaning, which plays a vital role in life. At the same time as it matures and ends, it has given birth to new vitality. If you don’t believe it, look at it, the wheat seedlings that have just grown in the fields are writing green lines of poetry.

6. Frost

The air is cold and windy, the white dew is frost, and autumn is old.

However, at this time, the sky is high and the clouds are clear, the wind is refreshing, and the autumn colors are picturesque. It is exactly "not like the spring scenery, but better than the spring scenery, the Liao Kuo River has thousands of miles of frost"!

The red maple beats the fire, the yellow leaves match the gold, the forests are dyed, and the mountains are filled with colors and colors. The heavier the frost, the darker the color. What a "frost leaves turn redder after a night of wind and frost" and "frost leaves turn redder than flowers in February"!

The wind rustled and the trees rustled. After the last wind and frost, the leaves of the trees have fallen back to their roots, the grass has fallen all over the sky, the reed flowers are flying, the geese make a cold sound, and the wanderers suddenly feel homesick.

The charm of autumn is like aged wine, with a mellow, strong, long and lingering aftertaste. You need to taste it slowly to get the taste.

The same is true in life. If spring is compared to a young girl, pure and bright, graceful and graceful; summer is compared to a young man, enthusiastic and passionate; winter is compared to an old man, distant and distant, peaceful and calm; then autumn is a middle-aged man, deep and cold. , calm and calm. Yes, when a person reaches middle age, he knows his "destiny" from "no confusion", tastes the ups and downs of life, and understands the true meaning of life. His glitz recedes, his character is fully revealed, and he becomes stronger with age!

Chapter 4: Winter

1. Beginning of Winter

The strong wind opens a new page of the season, with a white "winter" sculptured with ice and snow. "Character. The season suddenly turned around, from autumn to winter.

In the early winter, the weather is constantly changing, sometimes cloudy and sunny, sometimes cold and sometimes warm. At this time, "there is no rain cover after all the loads, and there are still proud frost branches among the chrysanthemums." The frost and cold air are solemn, the sparse forests are desolate, the mountains and rivers are lonely, and the fields are quiet. Or on frosty days and rainy evenings, when clouds fly across the sky, geese fly to Hengyang, and the sound shakes the sky, nature presents a kind of desolate and lonely beauty, which has a unique charm.

2. Light snow

The new wind is blowing hard, the mountains are cold and the water is thin, and the clouds are dense. The cold water condensed into ice, the cold air turned into snow, and fine snowflakes floated in the sky. The crystal snowflakes melted quietly in the air before they hit the ground, turning into a drizzle of stars, moistening things silently.

This is the first snow in winter. The anticipated first snow is mysterious and holy!

This light snow is the beginning of the winter of ice and snow. The fluttering snowflakes are gathering strength, calling for the severe winter with heavy snowfall and ice and snow to come soon.

3. Heavy Snow

"Suddenly a spring breeze comes overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloom." The heavy snow is flying all over the sky, like jade chips flying in the wind and flowers scattered by a goddess. The mountains, rivers and fields are covered with silver and carved with ice, just like a fairy tale world.

In this world of ice and snow, rabbits live in ice caves, birds flee into the cold forest, and the world is vast. There was only one red plum tree, blooming in the snow, like a ball of flame burning in the ice and snow, melting the bone-chilling chill.

Feng is a talented sculptor, sculpting the snow into jade mountains, silver ridges, crisscrossing hills and ravines, clear and beautiful lines, uncanny workmanship, and natural creation.

However, no matter how skilled the art master is, he cannot compare with the innocent children. They rolled and played on the snow, rolled snowballs, had snowball fights, and made snowmen, expressing their innocence and innocence in the boundless white world of ice and snow.

Auspicious snow heralds a good harvest. The snowflakes flying in the sky are the seeds of hope and the envoys of spring! This is the inheritance relay of life! In this winter of ice and snow, where life seems to be extinct, it actually breeds new vitality and new hope. Shelley said it well in "Ode to the West Wind": Winter is here, can spring be far behind? !

4. Winter Solstice

Winter Solstice is also called Winter Festival. There is a folk saying that "Winter Solstice is as big as the New Year". On this day, dumplings are eaten in the north and glutinous rice balls are eaten in the south to express people's best wishes for a happy reunion and abundant food and clothing.

At the winter solstice, astronomy stipulates that the real winter in the northern hemisphere has arrived. On this day, the sun shines almost directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, and the day is the shortest in the northern hemisphere. Afterwards, the sun moves northward and the days get longer. There is a saying in folk proverbs that "the winter solstice returns on the same day", which means that after the winter solstice, the yang energy rises, the days are longer and the nights are shorter, and the days are getting longer day by day, so the winter solstice is also called the "long solstice".

At the turn of the winter solstice, the temperature drops sharply and the cold begins. The folk proverb goes: "One thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine does not take action, three thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine walks on the ice, five nine-nine and sixty-nine sees willows along the river, seven and ninety-nine the river opens and eighty-nine geese come, ninety-nine plus one nine, the cattle are everywhere." Vivid image It describes the changes in meteorology and phenology from the winter solstice to the spring equinox. There is also a folk opera called "Nine-nine Cold-Resisting Pictures", in which a branch of plain plum is painted with eighty-one petals. From the beginning of the winter solstice, one petal is dyed with a brush every day. When all eighty-one petals are dyed, the spring breeze brings warmth and warmth. When the cold is gone. An ancient poem says: "A summary of the most successful events in the three winters has been published. The sun and moon have just passed the year and are still alive. Ninety-nine pictures are painted on the wall, and a few people invite guests to talk about cooling off the cold." It is a reflection of this custom.

During the winter solstice, Yang is born. Du Fu, the poet sage, once wrote a poem: "The sun brings forth the sun and spring comes again at the winter solstice." The universe changes from yin to yang, one decreases and the other increases. When the negative pole reaches the end, yang energy begins to arise. This is the way of nature!

The spring has begun to sprout.

5. Minor Cold

The so-called minor cold means that the coldness is not yet extreme. But the severe cold of ice and snow has become the protagonist of this season, with snow falling everywhere and cold currents rolling in.

"When the years are cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." In this miserable and harsh winter, thousands of trees withered, but only the pines and cypresses stood proudly in the wind and snow. They could not be blown down by the wind or bent by the pressure of the snow. , more green and lush against the backdrop of the snow and ice, flaunting its tenacious and unyielding vitality! Marshal Chen Yi's poem "Green Pine" is well written: "Heavy snow presses the green pine, and the green pine is straight and straight. If you want to know the pine is noble, wait until the snow melts." The image vividly depicts the "independence of the world, horizontal but not flowing" of pines and cypresses. He is proud of his character, stands out from the crowd, stands tall and cold, and has a high-spirited and bright temperament.

At this time, we have entered the twelfth lunar month (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar). The eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is commonly known as "Laba", which is originally a Buddhist festival. According to legend, December 8 of the lunar calendar is the day when Buddha Sakyamuni became enlightened. The temple took fragrant grains and fruits to make porridge for the Buddha, which was called "Laba porridge" to commemorate it. Later, it became popular among the people and became a custom. On this day, every household cooks "Laba porridge" to ward off the cold and pray for blessings, expressing people's beautiful vision of praying for food and clothing.

6. Great Cold

"Small Cold and Great Cold, it's another year." This is the last solar term of the year.

In the Great Cold season, it is the "March 9th" and the cold is at its peak.

As the saying goes: "Hot comes in the middle and cold comes in the mid-90s." This is the coldest period of the year. The wind penetrates the bones, the dripping water turns into ice, and the cold is overwhelming.

In this extremely cold season, the wintersweet flowers are freezing cold. Aoxue, blooming quietly, with a subtle fragrance floating around, taking away the soul. It is truly "the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold"!

Mei, you are the messenger of spring, bringing surprises and hope to people in the coldest winter!

The graceful and beautiful spring girl has come to the world...