Bamin culture Bamin art painting and calligraphy

Bamin culture Bamin art painting and calligraphy

Fujian fine arts can be traced back to the patterns, patterns and shapes on pottery in primitive society. The rope pattern and basket pattern on the surface of early pottery, when the pottery was processed and formed, the printed pattern of braided fabric mold basket and rope left behind did not have inherent aesthetic consciousness. Later, with the gradual emergence and development of human aesthetic consciousness, more than ten kinds of decorative patterns such as parallel patterns, mountain patterns and egg patterns appeared on the surface of utensils, which have decorative connotations. Among them, sawtooth, triangle and S shape may be related to the snake totem worship consciousness in southeastern Vietnam.

Fujian primitive art is not only manifested in the decorative patterns of pottery, but also in the modeling. For example, a bird-shaped pot unearthed in Huangtulun has a trumpet-shaped neck and an upturned bow button on the edge of one shoulder, which is like a short tail of a bird, showing the imitation exaggeration of a Potter. Others, such as tiger, drum and cup, all show the aesthetic consciousness of the creator.

As far as we know, there were no paintings in Fujian from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties. The early work of art in this period was the stone carving of Shoushan in the tombs of the Southern Dynasties unearthed in Fuzhou-lying pig. The famous works of art in the Tang and Five Dynasties include the Buddha statue in the Tang Dynasty on the stone wall on the southeast side of Wushi Mountain in Fuzhou and the stone carving of Prajna Paramita by Li, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. There is a Tommy statue carved by a natural giant in the Stone Buddha Pavilion of Nanshan Temple in Zhangzhou, which is a rare large-scale work in the Tang Dynasty. The reliefs on the walls of the Five Pagodas in Fuzhou are representative works of Fujian sculptures in the Five Dynasties.

Several famous Fujian painters appeared in the Song Dynasty. Hui Chong, a monk, is from Jianyang. He is good at poetry and painting, especially at small scenes, spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, misty rain, deer and geese, poems in paintings and scenery in paintings. His paintings had a high status in the Song Dynasty and were praised by celebrities such as Su Shi and Wang Anshi. Su Shi once wrote a poem about Hui Chong's "A Scene along the Spring River": "There are three peaches outside the bamboo, and the duck prophet warms the spring river. Artemisia sphaerocephala has short reed buds all over the ground, which is the time for puffer fish to go up. " Fei Daoning was born in Huai 'an (now Fuzhou). Hui Zong joined the Hanlin Painting Academy and was good at flower painting. His paintings start with sketches, with dense flowers and leaves, elegant and colorful, three-dimensional sense, harmonious and moist colors and close to nature. Zheng is from Lianjiang. He wrote poems in the mood of "Li Sao in tears" (Volume 8 of Qing Pavilion Collection) to express his grief and indignation at the national subjugation. He writes orchids, which are sparse, single leaf and rootless. People asked him, "You don't know that the land has been taken away by some people!" " (Record of adherents of the Song Dynasty, Volume XIII)

Several influential calligraphers also appeared in Fujian in the Song Dynasty. Cai Xiang is one of the four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty. His regular script is dignified and beautiful, integrating two kings and Yan Shu; Running script is gentle and charming, like the charm of Jin people; The grass line is flying white, which is natural and unrestrained. Cai Jing, you xian. His calligraphy is calm, vigorous, cheerful, rigorous and eclectic, which is nothing more than rules. He is especially good at Chinese characters, such as the six-character inscription on Daguan Monument, which is rare among Song people. Cai Bian, Cai Jingdi, is also good at calligraphy and has his own family. The brushwork of running script is vertical, tight and steep. Jing and Bian's calligraphy is despised by the world because of their poor character.

From Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, Fujian calligraphy and painting developed by leaps and bounds, and several painters and painters who occupied an important position in the history of China fine arts appeared. Some of them also formed regional or apprenticeship painting schools and seal cutting schools.

Bian Jingzhao is a native of Shaxian County. Flower-and-bird painting, "the beauty of flowers, the singing of birds, the pros and cons of leaves, and the implication of color, is not only outlined with a pen, but also appropriately used with ink" (Volume 4 of Painting and Calligraphy in Central Fujian), which became the originator of flower-and-bird painting in the Ming Dynasty. His sons Chu Fang and Chu Shan, son-in-law Zhang Kexin, nephew Yu Cunsheng, and fellow villagers Deng, Luo Ji, Liu Qi and Lu Chaoyang all learned his style, which is known as Shayang School in history.

Zeng whale, word, is from Putian. On the basis of traditional Chinese painting, his portrait draws lessons from the "light and shade method" of western painting and creates the "ink bone method", that is, the lines of the outline of the five senses are drawn with light ink first, and then rendered layer by layer with light ink, showing concave and convex shadows. "Every painting is like a painting, and dozens of layers are baked and dyed, which must be ingenious." Jiang Shaoshu commented on his paintings, "Portrayed as a mirror, wonderful and emotional. Its rich colors are moist and vivid. Although it is in the prime of life, I hope to look forward to it. " Laugh, very realistic "(see" History of Silent Poetry "Volume 4). The portraits of Zeng Whale were all the rage, and celebrities such as Dong Qichang, Huang Zongxi, Huang Daozhou and Wang Shimin were all written by Zeng Whale. There are many disciples of Zeng Whale, and more than forty of them are famous for their students, forming a far-reaching Bo School. During the reign of Qing Kang Gan, he still dominated the painting world.

Huang Shen, the word Gong Mao, Gong Mao, the name Ying Puzi. Ninghua people. In his early years, he studied meticulous painting from Shangguan and Zhou Dynasties in the same county. Middle-aged people, inspired by Huai Su's cursive script, paint with wild grass, write freely with a bald pen, and their lines are bold and free from vulgarity, vivid and freehand, and unique. His figure paintings have a wide range of subjects, including historical celebrities, immortals, Buddha statues, fishermen, trackers, beggars, poor monks, ordinary people and poor literati, and they are often small in number and have both form and spirit. His paintings of flowers, birds, insects and fish are full of fun and strange with pens; Landscape painting is a landscape painting with vigorous weather. Huang Shen was aloof and aloof all his life. He is tireless in artistic creation and has numerous representative works.

Hua Nie, whose real name is Song De, is from Shanghang. Flowers and birds, landscapes and people are all together. His flower-and-bird paintings attach importance to sketching, with novel composition and vivid images. His landscape painting composition is majestic, magnificent and fresh. His figure paintings are often combined with landscape paintings, which contrast the feelings of the characters through the environment and atmosphere, and create a vivid image with great humor or unique feeling, which has a certain depth. Hua Nie likes to paint with dry ink and light colors. The colors are beautiful. He has lived in Hangzhou and Yangzhou for a long time, selling paintings for a living. He dominated the painting circles in wuyue in the Qing Dynasty and had a far-reaching influence on later generations.

During the reign of Daoguang and Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, "Zhao 'an Painting School" appeared in Fujian painting circle. The representative figures are dozens of famous painters such as Xie and Shen Yaochi in Zhao 'an, who come down in one continuous line and develop from generation to generation. The painting style influenced Fujian Province, and spread to Taiwan Province Province and Guangdong Province.

Xie, whose real name is Yan Qiao, is called Lazy Yunshan, and his calligraphy and painting are Zen. Su Ying is a leading figure of Zhao 'an Painting School, who is good at landscapes, flowers and birds, especially Lanzhu. Its brushwork is vigorous and beautiful, and the fragrance of books overflows between pen, ink, paper and inkstone. The pine and cypress in the painting are tall and straight, and there is a trend of Chihiro in scale. Zhu Lan inherited the painting methods of Fujian people since Song and Yuan Dynasties, and absorbed the luxurious spirit of Zheng Banqiao. It is innovative and frivolous, which the ancients did not have. The flowers and birds painted have the style of Hua Nie. During the Daoguang period, Xie was hired by Lin, the rich man of Banqiao, to go to Taiwan to carve the garden of Lin Zhai. He is a leading painter in Taiwan Province.

Xianyou county in modern times is known as the hometown of painting in Fujian. At the same time, three famous painters, Li Xia and Huang, appeared. They not only explore literati paintings, but also engage in temple murals for a long time, and absorb the advantages of folk paintings into their works, so they are called "folk painters". Because they have formed a certain system in subject matter, painting method and modeling color, they are called "Xianyou Painting School". Xianyou Painting School enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad for its advantages of being full of traditional national paintings and folk painting styles.

Li Xia (1871-1938), whose real name is Yunxian, is a pebble and violinist with marrow. Li Xia's figure landscape paintings are excellent. He studied under Liang Kai, Huang Shen and Hua Nie, and his brushwork is vigorous, with novel colors, vivid charm and both form and spirit. In Li Xia's figure painting, people often describe it as "breaking Lu" and "nailing the head and rattling the tail", and the brushwork is fantastic. Especially when making large-scale figure paintings, I like to use feather-centered brushwork, which is round and tough, showing the bold and vigorous work. Li Xia's works have won many international awards.

Li Geng (1885— 1964) was born in Tai Mo Shan. Li Geng studied under Huang Shen, Hua Yan, Zheng Banqiao and Shangguan Zhou. He is famous for his strength and clumsiness. The brushwork is detached from the posture, extremely varied, exaggerated in shape, and has both form, spirit and rhyme. Li is famous for his landscapes, flowers and birds, painting immortals and writing buddhas.

During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Fujian woodcut and book engraving industries were developed, and unique Jian 'an prints appeared in paintings. A large number of prints, ranking first in the country. Prints are mostly made by folk craftsmen, with rich themes, vivid and changeable compositions, concise lines, simple and natural paintings and vivid characters. It occupies an important position in the history of China printmaking.

In Ming Dynasty, cursive script prevailed in Fujian book circles, such as Zhang Ruitu, Huang Daozhou and Xu You. Its style is arrogant, it pursues individuality liberation, expresses temperament and reaches a high artistic level.

Zhang Ruitu (1570- 164 1), also known as Ershui, is also known as Guo Tingshan, mustard seed layman and Taoist of Bai Hao Temple. Jinjiang (now Quanzhou) people. In Zhang Ruitu's calligraphy, he absorbed the method of revealing the front, with special emphasis on the straight side front and sharp and convenient folding pen, with sharp end and sharp folding angle. Taking advantage of the situation in the air, he put pen to paper, moved his elbow to the right, folded his front tightly, and was free and unfettered, contrary to the gentleness of Dong Qichang, Xing Dong and Mi. His cursive script is full of paper and clouds, dancing and jumping, unstoppable and fierce.

There were Huizhou School, Yangzhou School, Putian School, Rugao School and Wumen School in the Ming Dynasty, among which the founder of Putian School (also known as Fujian School) was Song Jue in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Song Jue (1576— 1632), whose real name is Jasper, was born in Putian. He can write and draw, especially good at seal cutting. He studied Qin and Han Dynasties? India is deeply influenced by Wen Peng and He Zhen, and likes the eight-part essay to be printed, with elegant and beautiful style. Successors include Wu Jin and Lu Lin.

Kang Youwei thinks that there are four calligraphers in Qing Dynasty, Liu Yong, Deng, epigraphy and Yi Bingshou.

Yi Bingshou (1754 ——1815) has similar word groups, with numbers Mo Qing and Moan. Ninghua people in Tingzhou. Yi Bingshou's calligraphy style is thin and concise, combined with seal script, without exaggerated swallowtail twists and turns, but a silkworm head and a silkworm tail, straight and straight. Its pen is round and lingering, and the meaning of writing stops. In between, if there is anything, it is the most beautiful. His official script font structure is elegant, neat and clean, horizontal and vertical, wide and white, full on all sides, magnificent and towering. The bigger the official script, the stronger it is, and the writing of couplets is extremely spectacular.

Zheng was also a famous calligrapher in Fujian in the late Qing Dynasty, but because of his personality problem, the world rarely mentioned it. Zheng's calligraphy is a combination of Xiao Zhuan and he is good at opening letters, forming a unique style. His running script is rooted in Su Dongpo and Huanggu Valley, and blended with Wei Bei, with vigorous brushwork and dense bones, which has an upright spirit.