What are the classical Chinese reasoning in senior high school?

1. What are the new curriculum standards for classical Chinese in senior high school? The compulsory Chinese for senior high school (1-5) requires reciting a collection of articles.

General catalogue:

The new curriculum standard is compulsory for senior high school people's education edition (1)

1, "Qinyuanchun? Changsha 2, Rain Lane 3, Farewell to Cambridge 4, Candle Qin.

5. Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (paragraph 8) 6. In memory of Liu Hezhen (verses 2 and 4).

New Curriculum Standard for Senior High School Compulsory Education Edition (2)

1, The Book of Songs? Self-protection *2, Li Sao (excerpt)

3. Three Poems (Picking Hibiscus on the River, Short Song and Returning to the Garden (I))

4. Preface to Lanting Collection 5. V 6 on the red wall. Travel to Baochan Mountain (the second and third paragraphs).

*7. Moonlight in the lotus pond (paragraphs 4, 5 and 6) *8. Peacocks fly southeast (from Never Finish)

New Curriculum Standard for Senior High School Compulsory Education Edition (3)

1, Difficult to Walk in the Middle of Shu 2, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity (Part 1) 3, Yearning for Historic Sites (Part 1) 4, Ascending the Mountain.

*5, Pipa Xing (tied) 6, I am in the country, 7, encourage learning, 8, on Qin (paragraphs 3, 4 and 5)

*9. Jinse * 10, ponytail (2) * 1 1, teacher's notes.

Senior High School New Curriculum Standard Compulsory Education Edition (4)

1, "Niannujiao? "Red Cliff Nostalgia" 2, "Set a storm? Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves in the Woods. Deng healthy Yangxin pavilion

4. "Yong Yule? Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia 5. Drunk Flowers? The fog is thick and the clouds are always sad. 6. Is the voice slow? Look for it. "

7. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (last 5 paragraphs)

*8. Farewell Pavilion? Blue sky *9, "Watching the tide? Southeast Xingsheng * 10, Yulinling? It is chilling and sad.

New Curriculum Standards for Senior High School Compulsory Education Edition (5)

1, The Ci of Xi (preface to parallel prose) 2, Preface to Wang Tengting (second and third paragraphs) 3, Chen Qingbiao.

*4. Happy Travel (reading)

Complete record of classical Chinese in senior high school (compulsory 1- compulsory 5) published by Jiangsu Education Press.

compulsory course

(A) persuasion (Xunzi)

(2) Shi Shuo (Han Yu)

(C) Red Cliff Fu (Su Shi)

(4) Travel Notes of Xishan Banquet (Liu Zongyuan)

Compulsory Two

(5) The Six Kingdoms Theory (Su Xun)

(6) Epang Palace Fu (Du Mu)

Compulsory three

(7) Introduction to the Guide (Wen Tianxiang)

(8) Five-person Tomb Inscription (Zhang Pu)

(9) Take out Zuo Zhuan from the candle.

(10) Ten Suggestions of Emperor Taizong (Wei Zhi)

(1 1) Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (Sima Qian)

(12) Hongmen Banquet (Sima Qian)

(13) Qiushui (Zhuangzi)

(14) Non-attack (Mozi)

Compulsory Four

(15) Ji will attack The Analects.

(16) Our country is also Mencius.

(17) Preface and Poems of Teng Wang Ge (Wang Bo)

(18) Ode to Autumn Sound (Ouyang Xiu)

(19) Chen Qingbiao (Shi Mi)

(20) Ji Xiang Proclamation (Gui Youguang)

(21) Ren Anshu (Sima Qian)

(22) Southern Fishing Songs

(twenty-three) Xiaoyao Tour (Zhuangzi)

(XXIV) Preface to Lanting Collection (Wang Xizhi)

2. What are the classical Chinese in senior high school? (1) Classical Chinese is wonderful. Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.

(2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).

(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.

(4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.

The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.

(5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.

(6) The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-has "culture" and "writing", that is, writing, its language charm is reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.

(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.

(8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel that my thinking is very clear, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn.

3. What are the urgently needed classical Chinese in high school? Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients and is no longer used in our real life. But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese. The writers and scholars of the older generation, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Qian Zhongshu and Liang Shiqiu, all have deep roots in ancient Chinese, and their works are full of rich classical flavor, with concise, accurate and elegant language. Mr. Lu Xun read and studied a large number of ancient novels since he was a child, which had a great influence on his later novel creation. Mao Dun's skill in reciting A Dream of Red Mansions has always been praised. Qian Zhongshu was first a generation of scholars, proficient in Chinese and Western studies, especially Chinese studies, and then a writer. The world only knows that there is a besieged city, but it doesn't know that there is a cone; Liang Shiqiu is proficient in classics and a subset of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language quaint and simple, but it is easy to put up, the usage of allusions is handy, and the music is wonderful. Liang's extensive reading and practical work are really amazing.

So, how can we learn classical Chinese well in senior high school? The following is a brief introduction to several learning methods:

First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese.

Second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.

Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the mainstay, and free translation as the supplement. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately.

Fourth, repeat reading. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.

4. There are several people's editions of classical Chinese in senior high school: Meng, The Book of Songs Without Clothes and The Quiet Girl.

Historical Prose: The candle leaves Qin Shi, Gou Jian destroys Wu, and touches the dragon to tell Empress Zhao.

Hundred schools of thought in prose: Jishi will attack, Qi Huan will attack, Jinwen will persuade students, and so on.

Qu Yuan's Li Sao (Excerpt)

On Qin by Jia Yi

Shi Mi's Chen Qingbiao and Tao Yuanming's Xi Ci.

Some Tang poems, such as Du Fu's Gordon, Shu Xiang, and Deng Yueyang Tower.

Han Yu's Shi Shuo and Sacrifice to Twelve Lang

Fu Biography of Liu Yi Du Mu Abang Palace

Ouyang Xiu's Biography of Lingguan, Su Xun's Theory of Six Kingdoms and Su Shi's Fu on the Red Wall.

There are a number of Song Ci poems, such as Su Shi's Nian Nujiao, Liu Yong's Yulinling and Xin Qiji's Chanting Yule.

Guan Hanqing's Dou 'e Garden (excerpt) Wang Shifu's The West Chamber (excerpt) Tang Xianzu's Peony Pavilion (excerpt)

Yuan Hongdao's Tiger Hill, Gui Youguang's Xuanzhi of Ji Xiang, Yao Nai's Climbing Mount Tai and Gong Zizhen's Sick Plum House.

I am a normal student in the Chinese Department. You and I may be colleagues in the future.

5. What are the collections of reciting articles stipulated in the new Chinese curriculum standard for senior high school (1-5)?

General catalogue:

The new curriculum standard is compulsory for senior high school people's education edition (1)

1, "Qinyuanchun? Changsha 2, Rain Lane 3, Farewell to Cambridge 4, Candle Qin.

5. Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (paragraph 8) 6. In memory of Liu Hezhen (verses 2 and 4).

New Curriculum Standard for Senior High School Compulsory Education Edition (2)

1, The Book of Songs? Self-protection *2, Li Sao (excerpt)

3. Three Poems (Picking Hibiscus on the River, Short Song and Returning to the Garden (I))

4. Preface to Lanting Collection 5. V 6 on the red wall. Travel to Baochan Mountain (the second and third paragraphs).

*7. Moonlight in the lotus pond (paragraphs 4, 5 and 6) *8. Peacocks fly southeast (from Never Finish)

New Curriculum Standard for Senior High School Compulsory Education Edition (3)

1, Difficult to Walk in the Middle of Shu 2, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity (Part 1) 3, Yearning for Historic Sites (Part 1) 4, Ascending the Mountain.

*5, Pipa Xing (tied) 6, I am in the country, 7, encourage learning, 8, on Qin (paragraphs 3, 4 and 5)

*9. Jinse * 10, ponytail (2) * 1 1, teacher's notes.

Senior High School New Curriculum Standard Compulsory Education Edition (4)

1, "Niannujiao? "Red Cliff Nostalgia" 2, "Set a storm? Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves in the Woods. Deng healthy Yangxin pavilion

4. "Yong Yule? Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia 5. Drunk Flowers? The fog is thick and the clouds are always sad. 6. Is the voice slow? Look for it. "

7. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (last 5 paragraphs)

*8. Farewell Pavilion? Blue sky *9, "Watching the tide? Southeast Xingsheng * 10, Yulinling? It is chilling and sad.

New Curriculum Standards for Senior High School Compulsory Education Edition (5)

1, The Ci of Xi (preface to parallel prose) 2, Preface to Wang Tengting (second and third paragraphs) 3, Chen Qingbiao.

*4. Happy Travel (reading)

Complete record of classical Chinese in senior high school (compulsory 1- compulsory 5) published by Jiangsu Education Press.

compulsory course

(A) persuasion (Xunzi)

(2) Shi Shuo (Han Yu)

(C) Red Cliff Fu (Su Shi)

(4) Travel Notes of Xishan Banquet (Liu Zongyuan)

Compulsory Two

(5) The Six Kingdoms Theory (Su Xun)

(6) Epang Palace Fu (Du Mu)

Compulsory three

(7) Introduction to the Guide (Wen Tianxiang)

(8) Five-person Tomb Inscription (Zhang Pu)

(9) Take out Zuo Zhuan from the candle.

(10) Ten Suggestions of Emperor Taizong (Wei Zhi)

(1 1) Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (Sima Qian)

(12) Hongmen Banquet (Sima Qian)

(13) Qiushui (Zhuangzi)

(14) Non-attack (Mozi)

Compulsory Four

(15) Ji will attack The Analects.

(16) Our country is also Mencius.

(17) Preface and Poems of Teng Wang Ge (Wang Bo)

(18) Ode to Autumn Sound (Ouyang Xiu)

(19) Chen Qingbiao (Shi Mi)

(20) Ji Xiang Proclamation (Gui Youguang)

(21) Ren Anshu (Sima Qian)

(22) Southern Fishing Songs

(twenty-three) Xiaoyao Tour (Zhuangzi)

(XXIV) Preface to Lanting Collection (Wang Xizhi)

reference data

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6. What are the required 3 classical Chinese texts for senior high school in Guangdong Education Press? "Persuade" 1. This interchangeable word (1) is a wheel, and its rules are in the Song Dynasty ("taste" leads to "taste", while wood is bent by fire, which makes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Different meanings of ancient and modern times (1) erudite: read widely, learn from others/be knowledgeable.

⑵ Participation: inspection, inspection/participation and reference. (3) illness: strong, here refers to loud/sick, fast.

(4) False: relying on/opposing "truth". 5. Gold: metal sword/gold and silver.

[6] minions: minions/henchmen and accomplices of bad people. (7) Intention: mental activity/study hard or be willing to think about something.

(8) use: because/use. (9) Kneeling: feet or legs/kneeling.

⑽ Entrust: Entrust your feelings, ideals, hopes, etc. To someone or something. 2. Nouns are used as adverbials in parts of speech: ① A gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself every day (daily: famous works, daily); 2 eat soil and drink yellow water (up and down: masterpieces, up and down); (2) Nouns as verbs: those who fake boats can't swim (water: nouns as verbs, swim); ③ Flexible use of verbs. (radian) ② When you climb a mountain and move, your arm will not become longer (height: as the name implies, height) (5) Adjective as a verb: therefore, when you tie it with a rope, the wood is straight (straight: adjective as a verb, straight) (6) Adjective actuation: not good for horses (benefit: adjective actuation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Special sentence pattern (fixed format) (1) Judgment sentence: (1) Although there is violence, those who no longer stand up, let it happen naturally (Judgment sentence, "... ice, water is it, but it is colder than water.

Earthworms don't have the advantage of claws, but their bones and muscles are strong. (3) passive sentence: perseverance, the stone can be carved (carved) (4) ellipsis sentence: take (it, save pronouns, it) as the wheel (5) fixed usage: none: there is no way to use it. ...

Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps. 4. Writing characteristics of the article: ① A large number of metaphors are used to clarify things, which is the first major feature of this book.

Metaphor can make abstract truth clear and concrete, easy to understand and accept, and improve the expression effect. The second paragraph illustrates the importance of learning with five metaphors; The third paragraph uses five metaphors to illustrate the role of learning; The fourth paragraph uses ten metaphors to illustrate learning methods and attitudes.

Some of these metaphors are set off by similar things, such as "climbing a mountain", "calling with the wind", "fake horse", "fake boat", "mountains are piled up" and "water drops converge into an ocean"; Some compare it with the opposite situation, such as "prancing forward", "stepping forward" and "you can't carve a dead wood". Metaphorical reasoning is clear and thorough, in-depth and concrete, and convincing.

② Flexible argumentation method is another feature of this paper. The full text first puts forward the central argument, and then demonstrates it in sections.

Explain a question in each paragraph. The second and third paragraphs are the first argument and the last argument; The fourth paragraph runs through the argument.

In argumentation, sometimes it is right before it is reversed, and sometimes it is wrong before it is right. Flexibility and change make the debate lively and powerful.

(3) Language features: duality and parallelism are also a feature. Parallelism makes the article full of momentum and smooth reasoning.

In this paper, parallelism and a large number of antithetical sentences are used alternately, which makes the article not only neat and harmonious, but also uneven and smooth, which embodies the characteristics of thorough discussion and vigorous brushwork. Third, the teacher's explanation is 1. The author introduces Han Yu (768-824), a native of Heyang (now Mengxian, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty. He used to be an assistant minister of the official department, often called "Korean official department", and after his death, posthumous title was called "Wen", also known as "Han Wengong" internationally.

Han Yu was a great writer and thinker in the middle Tang Dynasty and one of the leaders of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. 2. Evaluation: an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.

The first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong).

"The decline of eight generations of literature, the drowning of Daoji in the world" —— Su Shi's Ci. 3. Ancient prose movement: main propositions: First, writing with Ming Dow.

Second, while advocating "writing with Ming Dow", we should also fully realize the role of "writing" and learn from predecessors' heritage, so as to write good articles. Target audience: In other words, some young scholars who were preparing for the imperial examination at that time were encouraged not to write parallel prose, but to use prose to clarify the way of Confucius and Mencius.

Ancient prose: prose with Confucianism as the basic content, adopting the style of pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and expressing true feelings in simple and natural language. The ancient prose movement had a certain influence among the middle and lower intellectuals at that time.

However, it was slandered and ridiculed by the bureaucratic landlords in power in the upper ruling group, and there was great resistance. 4. Content analysis: Shuo is a kind of prose, and Shi Shuo means "talking about teachers" and "discussing teachers", more specifically, "learning from teachers".

Focusing on the role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers and the principle of selecting teachers, this paper boldly puts forward the idea of restoring teachers' morality, and criticizes the bad atmosphere that the literati class was ashamed of learning from teachers at that time. The full text is four paragraphs.

At the beginning of the first paragraph, I put forward the view that "ancient scholars must have teachers" "Teachers, therefore, are taught by professionals", which summarizes and clearly points out the nature and function of teachers.

Then, the principle of selecting teachers is clarified: taking the existence of "Tao" as the standard, there should be no distinction between noble and low, old and young. "Where the Tao is, the teacher is there." The second paragraph is based on the argument of the first paragraph, with facts as arguments, and refutes it from the opposite side.

Criticize the social atmosphere of being ashamed to learn from teachers with three comparisons. Firstly, it compares the problem of "learning from the teacher" of "ancient sages" with the problem of "shame of learning from the teacher" of "modern people", and points out that the reason why saints are stupid lies in whether they learn from the teacher.

The second is to compare choosing a teacher for your son with not following the teacher yourself, satirizing the scholar-officials for learning less and leaving more things for the teacher. The third is to compare the shame of "shamelessly worshipping the teacher" with the shame of "scholar-officials" and further.