(20 points) Read the material and answer the questions. Material 1: "Different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions, which is irresistible." "Teaching without doing any

(20 points) Read the material and answer the questions. Material 1: "Different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions, which is irresistible." "Teaching without doing anything, teaching without words." "Ming method (1) advocates: implementing benevolent government; Governing by doing nothing; Emphasize the rule of law. (3 points)

Reasons: Politically, the enfeoffment system collapsed and the vassals competed for hegemony; Economically, the iron plough was popularized in Niu Geng, and the well field system was destroyed. (2 points)

(2) Ideological characteristics: emphasizing "unity"; Integrate various ideas and form a new Confucian system. (2 points)

Influence: The orthodox position of Confucianism was established in Han Dynasty, and Confucianism gradually became the mainstream of traditional culture in China. ( 1)

(3) Features: diversity (not stick to one pattern). ( 1)

Reasons: The open policy was implemented in the Tang Dynasty; Political stability, economic prosperity, frequent foreign exchanges, etc. (2 points)

(4) Core idea: Pay attention to people's livelihood and make people rich (2 points)

Methods: Reduce people's burden by paying less taxes; Pay attention to education and reduce punishment. (2 points)

(5) Vigorously reclaim land and reduce tax burden. (2 points) Values: Pay attention to people's livelihood and put people first (2 points)

Positive role: it is conducive to social harmony. ( 1)

Test analysis: (1) Combined with the proposition that a hundred schools of thought contend, it is irresistible that "different people have different opinions." Reflects the Confucian thought of benevolent governance,

"Teaching without doing anything, teaching without words." Reflect the Taoist thought of inaction, "those who know the law are strong, and those who slow down the law are weak." It embodies the legalist thought of rule of law. Combined with the background analysis of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

(2) According to the material information, Chunqiu is a great unity, a constant test of heaven and earth, and a turn of ancient and modern times. ""The greatness of the Tao is born from the sky, and the sky remains the same, and the Tao remains the same "; "Take education as the main task"; "The right method is appropriate." It reflects Dong Zhongshu's emphasis on "great unity" and the integration of Taoism and Legalism.

(3) "Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty absorbed more thoughts of Buddhism and Taoism. Buddhism prevailing in the Tang Dynasty, including Zen Buddhism developed locally, Faxiang Sect introduced by Tianzhu, Tiantai Sect combined with China and India, reflects the cultural diversity of the Tang Dynasty, and analyzes the reasons in combination with the political, economic, ideological and cultural conditions of the Tang Dynasty.

(4) "Labor-saving, thin and close, the people are rich; Li Jiao, away from sin and disease, will live a long life. " It shows that Confucius advocates that rulers should lighten people's burden, pay attention to people's livelihood, attach importance to education and reduce punishment.

(5) Pay attention to the key words in the materials. "Spreading branches and spreading leaves" refers to the collection of money and grain per mu of farmland, and "reclaiming farmland" refers to the reclamation of wasteland, which embodies the importance of people's livelihood and people-oriented.

Comments: It is an important proposition angle of the college entrance examination to sort out the major measures related to people's livelihood issues at all times and in all countries and learn from the experience and lessons of solving people's livelihood issues. Understand China's ancient people-oriented thought and its practical activities when reviewing (Lao Tzu advocates "inaction"? Confucius put forward "benevolence" and advocated governing the country by virtue; Mozi put forward "universal love" and "non-attack"; Mencius put forward "benevolent politics", "valuing the people and despising the monarch" and opposing tyranny. ?