What is the representation of double quotes?

Analysis of test points on the usage of quotation marks

The form of quotation marks is double quotation marks and single quotation marks. They are labels among punctuation marks and have five functions: ① indicates direct quotation, ② indicates emphasis, ③ expresses negation, ④ expresses a specific title, ⑤ is used to quote common sayings, proverbs, idioms, ancient sayings, etc. It is one of the key punctuation marks in the college entrance examination. The following points require our special attention:

Quotation marks must be distinguished from book titles

1 CCTV’s 2004 “3?15” TV series with the theme of “Healthy Order, Healthy Life” The publicity activities will be jointly organized by 11 columns of CCTV Economic Channel. (2004 National Volume 1) ("Healthy Order, Healthy Life" is not the title of the book, the title should be changed to quotation marks)

2 People are already familiar with "IELTS (IELTS) Examination", and now a brand new one also comes from The British vocational foreign language proficiency test - "BULATS" has been launched by the National Examination Center of the Ministry of Personnel. (Volume 2004, Inner Mongolia, etc.) (The two book titles should be in quotation marks)

3 The 48th World Table Tennis Championships with the theme of "Unity, Friendship, Integration, and Development" was held today at the "Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower" "The grand opening of the square. (2005 Shandong) (The title of the book should be in quotation marks)

4 Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House recently launched the "Contemporary Literary Family Library": "Selected Works of Ba Jin in the Seventy Years", "Selected Works of Xia Yan in the Seventy Years", "Selected Works of the Seventy Years of Xia Yan", "Selected Writings of Shi Zhecun for Seventy Years" and "Selected Writings of Ke Ling for Seventy Years", these books are spiritual wealth left to future generations. (2005 Jiangxi Volume) "("Contemporary Literary Circle and Family Library"" the book title should be in quotation marks)

5 He read from the newspaper that the graduate school of a certain university and the editorial board of "Chinese Culture" jointly sponsored " The enrollment notice for the Summer Workshop on Chinese Culture and World Cultures, please write to register immediately. ("Summer Workshop on Chinese Culture and World Culture" is not the name of a book, newspaper, or magazine. The book title cannot be used. Quotes must be used to highlight that it is a proper name.)

The book title is used to indicate the title, Names such as registration, journal name, chapter name, play name, song title, and regulatory documents; names such as columns, special topics, book series, examinations, themes, units, etc. cannot be used. Should TV programs such as "Focus Interview" and "News Network" use quotation marks or book titles? There are no regulations for this kind of situation in the usage of punctuation marks. Du Xiang, Dictionary Office of the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the names of columns in newspapers generally use the title of the book, such as the "Dadi" supplement in "People's Daily" and "Beijing Evening News" "Five Colored Soil" supplement, TV programs such as "Focus Interview" and "News Network" are also column names, and it is okay to use book titles. However, similar situations have appeared in examination questions in recent years and it is believed that quotation marks should be used. For example:

6 Recently, "Chongqing Daily", Chongqing TV Station and Chongqing Radio Station jointly launched the "Education to Maintain the Advanced Nature of Communist Party Members" - "Immortal Red Rock", which was It caused a strong response from the society. (2005 Chongqing Volume) (The book title in ""Immortal Red Rock"" should be in quotation marks)

7 A 19-year-old female college student won the championship for seven consecutive years in the "Lucky 52" program, which aroused the curiosity of the media. Some asked her to talk about: "How to be versatile"; some asked her: "How to wear multiple hats"; some asked her to talk about anything... (Guangxi, 2004) ("Lucky 52" is not the title of the book. Change to double quotation marks, remove the colon in the sentence, and change the semicolon to a comma)

Two, do not abuse quotation marks

8 When the cherry blossoms fall, they are like "snowflakes" flying in the sky. . (The "snowflake" in the article is not specifically mentioned and does not need to be emphasized, but it is used in quotation marks.)

9 When the sun is completely covered by the moon, Haier, who is as looming as a goddess - Compared with the comet Popper, the clear Mercury is shining brightly next to the darkened sun, and Venus and Jupiter also appear in the sky at the same time. (1997 College Entrance Examination Questions)

10 The first critical test of the Unit 2 nuclear reactor of the Qinshan Second Nuclear Power Plant, my country’s first self-designed and self-built domestic commercial nuclear power plant, was successful and will be merged within the year. Network power generation.

(Add "——" in front of "Qinshan Second Nuclear Power Plant" and remove the quotation marks.)

11 Wu Ming told me in the morning: "He sprained his foot and can't come to class today." (This is obviously an indirect quotation (paraphrasing). The quotation marks should be removed and the colon should be replaced with a comma.)

Generally, quotation marks indicate direct quotations in the text, some specific titles, special meanings or expressions. Except for sarcastic negative words or objects that need to be emphasized, quotation marks cannot be abused for ordinary words. The quotation marks in the four sentences above are misused. Generally speaking, roads, stations, projects, etc. named after places do not need to use quotation marks. If proper nouns do not need special emphasis, no quotation marks are needed. For example, Tiananmen Square, Haier refrigerator, etc. do not need quotation marks.

The position of the triple quotation marks and the period at the end of the sentence must be clearly distinguished

Generally speaking, the explanation of the position of quotation marks and periods when used together is: Whenever the quoted words are used independently, The period is placed inside the quotation marks; whenever the quoted words are used as part of one's own words, there is no period at the end of the quotation. If it is at the end of the sentence, the period is placed outside the quotation marks. But in actual operation, it is difficult for us to judge whether to use it independently, so many students are confused about this.

For this reason, the author found a simple judgment method. That is, if there is a colon before (immediately following) the quotation mark, and there is a complete sentence within the quotation marks, it is considered an independent quotation, and the period is placed within the quotation marks; if there is a comma or no punctuation before the quotation mark, it is considered a dependent quotation and will not be retained. The period mark at the end of a quotation (except question marks and exclamation marks). If it is at the end of a sentence, the period mark is placed outside the quotation marks. Sentences that should use a question mark or exclamation mark at the end of a quotation, whether as an independent sentence or as part of their own words, should put the question mark or exclamation mark within the quotation marks. For example:

12 Teacher Li taught his students: "We must adopt a pragmatic attitude, know what we don't know, and what we don't know mean we don't know." (2005 Jiangxi Volume) (Put the period within the back quotation marks)

13. The leader of the Chinese diving team said before going to the Athens World Cup, "This warm-up match before the Olympics is scheduled to complete three tasks: feel the venue, observe the opponent, and find out yourself." (2004 National Volume 1) (below "Pre-match remarks" The comma should be changed to a colon, and the comma after "three tasks" should be changed to a colon or a dash)

14 In the past, maybe because I was young, I didn't know how to cherish time, but now I realize that "one inch of time". An inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time." The true meaning of this sentence. (Hubei Volume, 2004) (Periods within quotation marks are deleted)

15 According to Wang Can’s "Heroes", Zhuge Liang studied together with Xu Shu, Shi Guangyuan, Meng Gongwei and others. It’s about mastery, but it’s about simplicity.” (The period at the end of the sentence should be placed outside the quotation marks)

16 The photo exhibition “Retaining Jinan” deeply attracted the audience. The alley, the spring, the green grass and moss have become shadows that are hard to find - it can be said that "the memory of dreams is so deep, and every street and alley is always full of love." (2005 Shandong Volume) (Period at the end of the sentence should be Put outside the quotation marks)

But there are two situations worth noting.

The first one is when "so-and-so said" is placed in the middle of the quoted words. Although a comma is used after "so-and-so said", the period at the end of the sentence must still be retained. For example:

17 "Study is afraid of the word 'serious'." Teacher Zhang said: "'Attitude determines everything' is indeed reasonable." (Tianjin Volume 2004) (Colon should be changed to comma)

18 "I'm really not joking with you," Hong Lemin said seriously, "If you can come out of the mountain, let's find a way together, and this matter can be completed." (Hubei Volume, 2004) (The period at the end of the sentence should be placed within quotation marks)

The second type is that although there is a colon before the quotation, the quotation is not a sentence. In this case, the punctuation at the end of the quotation cannot be retained. (Because there is no punctuation per se). For example:

In 19 "Water Margin", in front of the small wine shop under Jingyang Gang, a flag was erected high with five words: "Three bowls are not enough for the hill." (Although there is a colon before the quotation marks here, the quotation is not a sentence, that is to say, it is only five words, so there must be no punctuation at the end of it, so there is no need for a period within the quotation marks.

)

4. Pay attention to the scope of quotation

When using quotation marks, you should also pay attention to which words need to be quoted. You cannot quote more or less. Pay special attention to the modal particles and modal particles at the end of the sentence. interjection. Example:

After the 20th, Zhang Daqian joked with his wife: "It's not your fault. Who told you to say 'very good, very good'? As soon as you said 'very good, very good', he would naturally I thought you liked this painting the most. It would be the same if it were me." (2004 Sichuan Volume) (The word "Ma" should be placed outside single quotation marks, and the period at the end of the sentence should be within double quotation marks.)

21 But he looked indifferent, "Let nature take its course! Chinese people Isn’t there an old saying: ‘The boat will be straight when it reaches the bridge’” (2004 Central Anhui Joint Entrance Examination) (The first comma should be a colon, the colon after “old saying” should be removed, and the single quotation mark after the word “ma” should be replaced. Before. )

22 Shanhaiguan, known as the "first pass" in the world! ("The first pass in the world" should be quoted in full)

5 Pay attention to the use of parallel quotation marks.

How to pause between juxtaposed book title signs or quotation marks? There are different usages: some people think that a pause should be added; some think that adding a pause is redundant; and some think that a pause can be added. You don’t need to add it, it doesn’t affect the expression. Theoretically, if there is a pause between parallel quotations, a comma should be used. However, since each quotation has already been added with quotation marks, it looks very eye-catching and will not cause confusion, so the comma does not need to be used. If someone is willing to use it, it cannot be wrong, but it is better not to use it. Now there is a new rule that no punctuation should be added between juxtaposed book title numbers or quotation marks. If so, commas should be used.

23 He speaks very humorously, and especially likes to tell some folk sayings, such as "burning incense and looking for the wrong temple door", "mosquitoes biting the clay Bodhisattva, looking at the wrong person", etc., which often make everyone laugh. (The comma should be removed)

24 As they grow older, children will ask questions such as "Why does the moon follow me?" "How high is the sky?" and "Why are there bad people in the world?" (The pause should be removed)

The layout of the 25 classroom is simple, with only three slogans hanging on the wall: "Study is valuable with perseverance", "Only when you have doubts where there is no doubt can you advance." "A hundred rivers return." ocean". (The period after "Fang is advancing" should be changed to a comma and placed outside the quotation marks.)

In these three sentences, they are the juxtaposition of several quotations. No commas are used in Examples 23 and 24 or comma, which is used in Example 25. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the juxtaposition of several quotations in Examples 23 and 24 is used as an integral part of the sentence content to modify or limit the following content and cannot be separated. There is no punctuation mark between them. If used, it will affect the meaning of the sentence. In Example 25, they are at the end of the sentence and do not modify or limit the following content. They are a juxtaposition of several independent parts. There must be a pause between them, so they are separated by commas.

6 Pay attention to the use of single and double quotation marks

If there is a quotation within the quotation, use double quotation marks on the outer layer and single quotation marks on the inner layer; if there are quotations within the single quotation marks For quotations, use double quotation marks, and so on. For example:

26 (an aunt) went on to explain: "When harvesting beans and sweet potatoes, badgers are getting fat. The meat is fragrant and oily. As the saying goes, 'eight pounds of badger meat and seven pounds of oil'." ”

Finally, note that if the quotation consists of several consecutive paragraphs, use a front quotation mark at the beginning of each paragraph and a back quotation mark at the end of the last paragraph.

Consolidation exercises

1 One of the following punctuation usages is correct

A Liu Xie said it well: "A sentence can be cut, which shows its sparseness; a word cannot be cut. If you reduce it, you will know its secret." Regardless of whether it is traditional or simple, if the standard of "nothing can be cut" or "no reduction" is adopted, then it needs to be refined.

B Last year, the National Health Conference on 21st clearly formulated the general health policy of focusing on prevention and supplementing treatment.

C． The beauty of nature is the source of all artistic beauty. As the ancients said, "The beauty of heaven and earth is speechless." The beauty of heaven and earth is not only found in scenic spots, but also in "Xitou shepherd's purse flowers." It is a kind of natural beauty that cannot be carved.

D What is the "plant" in "Sit back and wait for the rabbit"? "Shuowen Jiezi" explains it as "wood root", and Duan Yucai made it more clear in his annotation: "Today's common saying is cloud pile" ."

[Analysis] The period in item A should be within the quotation marks, the colon in item B should be removed, the quotation marks should be added in "to prevent...", and the period in the quotation marks in item C should be moved outside the quotation marks. Answer: D

2 The function of the following quotation marks is different from the other three items:

A. Teacher Zhang really has the ability to "turn stone into gold" when he changes his composition!

B. People with ulterior motives forced Wu Jichang to go to the melon garden to "make atonement" and never allowed him to enter the cotton field again.

C． In my opinion, it would be better to have fewer such “smart people”.

D. In the eyes of some people who like to keep things quiet, they may still be considered "good people."

[Analysis] BCD is irony, and A is emphasis. Answer: A

3 The correct usage of punctuation marks is

A. "The theory of evolution!" Mr. Lu Xun said with a smile: "I understand what you mean. There is a conclusion under your tongue: the terrible idea of ??evolution."

B. According to Krupskaya, Lenin "never recounted the facts 'roughly' from memory, he recounted the facts with extreme accuracy."

C. "Without investigation and research, you have no right to speak." Although this sentence was once ridiculed as "narrow empiricism", I still don't regret it.

D. In the past one or two decades, the term high technology has become increasingly popular. In recent years, people have mentioned the digital and information age more and more often.

[Analysis] The speaker of item A is in the middle of the quotation, and there should be a comma after "said". The period at the end of the quotation in Item B should be placed outside the quotation marks because the quotation is part of the sentence. Item D "high technology", "digitalization" and "informatization" should be placed in quotation marks to express emphasis, and the comma between the two quotation marks should be removed. Answer: C

4 The correct usage of punctuation marks is

A. As soon as I entered the school gate, I saw the banner slogan "Study diligently to be the master of the 21st century!"

B． "Alas!" the writer sighed, "In the world of mortals, there is a vast sea of ??people. To find an unknown stranger, isn't it like looking for a needle in a haystack?"

C. Teacher Zhou said to the students: "We must continue to make progress in our studies; otherwise, we will retreat. Doesn't the old saying say: 'Learning is like sailing against the current, if you don't make progress, you will retreat'?"

D. The night before, I watched the trailer for "The Storm" and I recalled the desert outside the Orangutan Gorge.

[Analysis] Remove the exclamation mark in item A because it is in the middle of the sentence. The semicolon in item C should be changed to a comma and the question mark to a period. The last single quotation mark is placed before "ma". Item D "Shang Shang Feng Yun" is the title of the movie, and the title of the book should be used. Answer: B