The history of Guilin

Historical and Cultural Events in Guilin Pang Xun Guilin Uprising

In the sixth year of Tang Xiantong's Guilin Uprising, Yizong Pang Xun (865) levied Nanzhao and ordered two thousand conscripts in Xu and Si areas (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu and Sixian, Anhui) to Yongzhou. Among them, 800 people were stationed in Guilin and transferred back to their original places after the expiration of three years. Xu Si's observation made Cui Yan break his word again and again. After six years in Guilin, there is still no hope of going home. The garrison suffered from military service and was filled with indignation. Pang Xun, the judge of the Grain Division, was elected as the leader, and the two mutinied and returned to the north. Pang Xun led hundreds of people through hardships from Guilin, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu to Xuzhou. In Xuzhou, the banner of peasant uprising was raised. After Pang Xun died in Suzhou, Anhui, the uprising failed. ?

Di Qingping, Nong Gaozhi, head teacher Guilin

Di Qingping, the head teacher of Class One of Agriculture, Huang? In the fourth year of Guangyuan (1052), the satrap of Guangyuan conspired with Huang Wei and Huang Shimi, the Jinshi, to capture Yongzhou, establish themselves as "emperors" and conquer countries such as Heng, Gui, Gong, Xun, Teng, Wu, Feng, Kang and Duan. The anti-Song war shook Lingnan. The emperor? In five years (1053), the Northern Song Dynasty sent General Di Qing to the south, where he joined forces with Yu Jing and other places to fight with the peasants in Kunlun Pass (now the junction of Yongning County and Binyang County in Guangxi). The rebels were defeated and fled Dali. Di Qing moved the capital to Guilin, and the Song Dynasty rewarded meritorious soldiers with generous awards. In Guilin, there are two monuments, the Pingman Monument in the Great Song Dynasty and the Pingman Monument in the Three Generals, to commemorate the achievements of "Man". ?

Establish a college

The earliest academy in Guilin is Xuancheng Academy, which was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. It has been maintained and expanded for a long time. Lijiang Academy was established outside the site of Wenchang Men Site in the Ming Dynasty, and it was closed soon. In the Qing Dynasty, the number of academies gradually increased, including Xuancheng, Xiufeng, Ronghu and Guishan, and there were four small academies, namely Mengquan, Love Japan, Peifeng and Duize, which were dedicated to enlightening young children. ?

Ma's struggle against yuan

In the 14th year of Ma Yuan (1277), Yuan took Ali Haig as the general and captured Guangxi, while Ma was the commander in chief of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the name of an emissary, he commanded the garrison and tried to defend Jingjiang Prefecture. Ma took defending the land as his duty, led 3000 garrison soldiers, dug horse pits, cut off the ridge road, and stuck to the strict pass in northern Guangxi. The Yuan army repeatedly failed to attack the Yan Pass, but changed its attack tactics, transferred its troops for pleasure, crossed Lingui and attacked Guilin and Ma? Forced to retreat to Guilin city. Where are the horses when there is no food and grass in the city and no reinforcements outside the city? I stayed with the soldiers for three months. Unable to storm, the yuan army pretended to attack the west gate by turns with a few troops, but attacked the east gate with elite soldiers. Is it dangerous to defend the inner city after the outer city is breached, Ma? The remnants of the army led a fierce street battle with the Yuan army, and eventually they were outnumbered, injured and captured, and sacrificed heroically. More than 200 soldiers under Louling's jurisdiction, led by Ma Bu, still persisted in crossing the city 10 for more than a few days, and finally died collectively. ?

Jingjiang Wangjiufan Guilin

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the policy of "cutting the royal family by many people" in order to consolidate the unity of Zhu's surname, and established the feudal monarch system in the second year of Hongwu (1369). In the third year of Hongwu (1370), the vassal was appointed as a vassal of various places. Among the 22 princes, his nephew Zhu Shouqian was named King Jingjiang. Hongwu became a vassal of Guilin in the ninth year (1376), and was dismissed for "abusing the city" and arousing "Cantonese resentment". In the 25th year of Hongwu, he died (1392). After Zhu Shouqian was knighted, his eldest son Zhu Zanyi succeeded him. In the first year of Yongle (1403), I went to Guilin. Since then, King Jingjiang has been handed down from generation to generation, including Zhu (King), Zhu Jiwei (King Huai Shun), Zhu Guiyu (King Showa), Zhu Jingfu (King), Zhu Bangning (King Gong Hui), Zhu Renchang (King Kangxi), Zhu Garjier (King Wen Yuwang) and Zhu Luotao. *** 14. Kong Youde captured Guilin and Zhu Heng in the seventh year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1650). Suicide, the history of King Jingjiang is over. ?

Wei attacked Jingjiang twice.

During the period when Wei attacked Jingjiang and Jingtai in Ming Dynasty (1450 ~ 1456), there was a famine in Gutian, Guilin, and the government still forced farmers to pay taxes, so a peasant uprising led by Zhuang leaders Wei and Qin Wanxian broke out. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), Wei died of illness, and the rebel army was led by his son Wei. On the eve of the Spring Festival in the forty-third year of Jiajing (1564), Wei led a capable team from Pingle to Yongfu in the north, attacked Guilin, sneaked into the city at night, invaded Fanku, seized the national treasury of 42,000 yuan, and killed Li Minzhong, who participated in politics. In the autumn of the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Wei attacked Guilin for the second time and was defeated because the defenders in the city had long been prepared. Wei attacked Guilin twice, which shook the ruling center of Ming Dynasty in Guangxi. In the fourth year of Qin Long (1570), the imperial court adopted an encirclement and suppression strategy against Gutian Rebel Army. After a bitter battle in March, the rebels were finally exhausted and brutally suppressed, and more than 7 thousand people were slaughtered. Wei and others were captured and executed, and Gutian Uprising failed. ?

Kong Youde is in Guilin.

Kong Youde was in Kong Youde, Guilin in his early years, and was the school of Mao, the company commander of the Ming Dynasty. Later, he went to Dengzhou to join the army. Soon he rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and attached himself to the Qing Dynasty, calling himself Marshal. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), he was named King Gongshun, and in the third year of Shunzhi (1646), he was named General Pingnan. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), it was renamed Wang Nan, and in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), he led the troops from Hunan to Guilin. In Guilin, the left-behind governors Qu Shizhen and Zhang Tongchang were killed in Diecai Mountain and more than 400 princes were beheaded. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1), the Moon Temple was built under Diecai Mountain. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), the peasant leader Li Dingguo took Guilin by tunnel. Kong Youde's generals Li Yangxing, Sun Long and Cheng Xikong all died in battle. Kong Youde knew that he had committed a heinous crime, and his wives set fire to their houses and hanged themselves. Jingjiang Wang Fu was also reduced to ashes. ?

Taiping army besieged Guilin.

At the beginning of April (1852), Taiping Army besieged Guilin of Qing army. Taiping Army broke through Yong 'an and besieged Guilin. On April 18, more than 20,000 Taiping troops arrived in Guilin, and put their main forces on Elephant Trunk Mountain, South Gate and Guniu Mountain outside the West Gate, and began to attack the city. Zou, the garrison commander, fought with the gentry to the death. Wu Lantai, deputy commander-in-chief of the Qing army in Guangzhou, led his troops around Jiangjun Bridge from Yongan in an attempt to attack Taiping Army. I didn't expect Ulantai to die soon after being shelled. In order to attack the city, the Taiping Army also rushed to Luba, and used the tunnel bombing tactics to carry out 24 battles, which lasted 1 month. However, due to the high moat in Guilin, the Qing army mobilized more than 20 thousand soldiers from all over Hunan and failed to break through Guilin. In order to March into Huguang, sweep across the south of the Yangtze River and expand the revolutionary influence, Taiping Army decided to withdraw its troops to the north. ?

Kang Youwei came to Guilin twice to give lectures.

Kang Youwei came to Guilin twice to give lectures. Kang Youwei gave a lecture in Guangzhou Wanmu Caotang, advocating new learning and causing slander. This is not sustainable. It happened that Long Ze, a native of Guilin, returned to Guangxi from Sichuan and passed by Guangzhou. Admiring Kang's knowledge, he urged Kang to give lectures in Guilin in order to attract talents for reform. In the winter of the 20th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1894), accompanied by Long Zehou, Kang took a boat from Wuzhou to Guilin and gave lectures at the Jingfeng Pavilion in Diecai Mountain for 40 days. At that time, Wang, Kuang, Long Huanlun, Long, Li and other celebrities all worshipped in Kangmen. Kang wrote "Questions and Answers on Returning to School" based on "Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram" and "Xunzi Feishizi", arguing that the two schools of Mencius and Xunzi should not be neglected. After giving lectures, Kang Chang led his disciples to travel around the mountains, throw pots for practice, recite poems and write poems, and carve stones to leave their names. The most famous is Guan Yuan, published in Long Yin Rock. Inscriptions on party history tablets, stone carvings such as "Kang Yan" and "Su Dong" carved in the wind tunnel, and 12 poems such as "Living in the wind tunnel". In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), Chu Kang went to Guilin again, and still lived and lectured at Jingfeng Pavilion in Diecai Mountain for half a year. At this time, Kang became famous in Beijing for advocating new learning by "writing on the bus". Local gentry, Tang, Cen Chunxuan, etc. all had contacts with him, and * * * co-organized holy societies, founded newspapers and schools, and vigorously advocated reform and political reform, which had a great influence in Guangxi. ?

Establish Nanfeng newspaper

Nanfeng newspaper1911February 13 was founded. This is another organ newspaper of the Guangxi branch of the NLD after Nanbao. The newspaper is located at No.2 Tang Fu Street, Guilin, with Zhao Zhengping as the editor-in-chief, Liang Shi as the manager and Lei Peihong as the writer. The newspaper publishes more than 2,000 copies in each issue, totaling 38 issues. The cover of the first issue is Zhu Mo Rooster, and the word "nationalism" is hidden in the bamboo leaves, with the title "Rooster Makes the World White". The contents of Nanfeng Newspaper include editorials, chronicles, translations, literature and art, biographies, etc. Its purpose is: to publicize anti-Qing and anti-imperialism and advocate revolution; Instill world knowledge and carry forward the spirit of militarism. Newspapers emphasize the importance of "folk customs" and revolutionary public opinion; Military publications have some characteristics, such as advocating "saving the country by military means" and "all soldiers in the country"; Every issue has a "Foreign Aggression Department" to expose the invasion and occupation of China by foreign powers. Guangxi ceased publication after independence. ?

Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition in Guilin

Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition in Guilin In order to eliminate the troubles after the Northern Expedition, Sun Yat-sen mobilized troops from Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and Jiangxi provinces to enter Guangxi. 192 1 year1October, as the temporary president and marshal of Lu Haijun, he set out from Guangzhou by warship to prepare for the northern expedition. On February 4th, 65438, he arrived in Guilin and stayed in Jingjiang Palace, where the Presidential Palace and Northern Expedition Base Camp were also located. In addition to presiding over the Northern Expedition and reorganizing the army, Sun Yat-sen also met with Marin, the international representative of * * *, which further strengthened his confidence in "taking Russia as a teacher". Carry out currency reform and advocate the issuance of new currency; It is suggested to mine iron ore near Dawei; Build the expressway from Guilin to Quanzhou and personally preside over the groundbreaking ceremony; He attached great importance to the political education and propaganda work of the army, and delivered a speech on "Soldiers' Spiritual Education" to the garrison. 1February 3, 922, the General Mobilization Order for the Northern Expedition was issued in the name of the Grand Marshal. On February 27th, Guilin Base Camp held an oath ceremony, preparing to March into Hunan and attack Wuhan on a large scale. However, because Zhao Hengti refused the Northern Expeditionary Army to cross Hunan and Chen Jiongming, on April 8, Sun Yat-sen was forced to return to Guangdong, and the Northern Expeditionary Army's base camp was moved from Guilin to Shaoguan, Guangdong. ?

Battle of Shen Lugui Forest

In the battle of Lushen Guilin, Lu Rongting took over as Guangxi Border Guard on 1922, and 1923 took charge of Guangxi military affairs with 30,000 troops, occupying Nanning and southwest Guangxi. /kloc-in the spring of 0/924, Lu led an army to Guilin in the name of "patrolling" and secretly accepted Wu's ordnance in an attempt to recapture the whole of Guangxi. Shen, as the main force of Lu, forced Lu to leave when Lu failed to counterattack the Guangdong Army, and occupied Liuzhou, Pingle and Babu with about 20,000 troops. When Lu led his patrol in Guilin, Shen apparently obeyed and evacuated the troops stationed in Guilin to Pingle. But as soon as Lu entered Guilin, Shen suddenly surrounded Guilin and besieged Lu in the city, and the two sides fought fiercely for three months. Li Zongren, commander-in-chief of Guangxi thief army, and Huang Shao, commander-in-chief of Gui Jun? Taking the opportunity to capture Lu Rongting's lair, Nanning, and the area around the left and right rivers, coupled with threats from Zhao Hengti and the Yellow River, prompted mutual concessions at the negotiating table: Lu agreed to withdraw from Guilin and Shen agreed to lift the siege of Guilin. After Lu withdrew from Guilin, he saw that the tide had gone and fled Guangxi. ?

Southwest drama exhibition

Southwest Drama Exhibition 1944 February1May19, 2005, an unprecedented drama activity was held in Guilin, that is, the "First Southwest Drama Exhibition". The conference was hosted by Guangxi Art Museum and prepared by New China Drama Club. The chairman of the Preparatory Committee is composed of 35 people, including Tian Han, Zhang Jiayao, Xiong Foxi, Qu Baiyin and Li. The President is the Chairman of Guangxi Provincial Government, and Li, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi are invited as honorary presidents. The teams participating in the drama show came from 33 units in Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guangxi and other five provinces, including 20 drama teams, 5 drama teams and 3 Guangxi drama teams, with a total number of 895 people. Together with the conference staff, there were more than 65,438+0,000 participants. This drama exhibition * * * held three central activities: 1? Drama performances and exhibitions mainly include drama, Pingju, xiang opera, Chu opera, puppet show, Piren song and dance, shadow play, circus and so on. 2? Drama workers' conference, including work reports of each team, reading of works, expert speeches, discussion of proposals, etc. 3? The display of drama materials, including the working documents, creative experiences, experiences and works of each team, is mainly displayed in the form of words, pictures and models. Finally, the dramatists' congress and the declaration of the congress were adopted. ?

Flag donation parade

Flag Donation Parade In order to support and inspire the soldiers who fought in Hengyang during the Anti-Japanese War, stabilize the people's hearts in Guilin and defend the southwest, representatives who did not leave Guangxi to participate in the drama exhibition in southwest Guilin and people in Guilin's progressive cultural circles initiated and organized a massive "Flag Donation Parade" on June 1945. Li personally presided over the military parade. The painters of Chuyang Painting Academy held high the slogan of "Defending the Southwest" and large cartoons, opening the way for the team, followed by the elders group in the propaganda car composed of Li, Long Jizhi, Li Renren and Liu Yazi, followed by dozens of representatives of Guilin Branch of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Guilin Peiren Primary School, holding a persistent national flag, and finally the drama workers who stayed in Guangxi. The parade starts from the Art Museum, passes through Guixi Road, Zhongnan Road and Guinan Road, then turns back to South Ring Road, East Ring Road and Guidong Road, then turns back to Zhongshan Road and Guibei Road, and returns to the Art Museum. Along the way, the Presbyterian church took pains to publicize to the citizens, and intellectuals shouted slogans and sang anti-Japanese war songs together. Slogans and songs like "One million is not much, but a dollar is not little" come and go. In order to cooperate with the parade, Guilin newspapers published many editorials and reports, and donation points were set up in major streets. The donation activity lasted for three days. After that, a task force of Guilin Anti-Japanese War Culture Association was established, and Tian Han and Chen Canyun led the team to Xing 'an and Quanzhou to continue the "flag donation parade". * * * raised 4 million yuan, part of which was sent to the Chongqing office of the Eighth Route Army to be transferred to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and the other part was sent to the frontline troops in Hunan and Guangxi.