Could you please give me some information about environmental protection?

Information about environmental protection

Environmental protection is the biggest problem facing mankind in modern life. To solve this problem, we must start from the basics.

First of all, we must Promote a lot of publicity to raise people's awareness and understanding, and strengthen environmental awareness.

Secondly, waste recycling should be carried out to reduce the felling of forest trees. We should also strengthen the treatment of white pollution and use less plastic products.

Finally, improvements should be made to cleaning to make the city cleaner.

For the future of the earth, we must start working hard from now on to protect the environment. Here we propose The following suggestions are made:

Implement garbage classification and bagging. This will not only reduce the workload of sanitation workers, but also better utilize waste, reduce pollution, and save resources.

When shopping for groceries, use less plastic bags and try to use bamboo baskets.

Use refillable pens as much as possible to reduce the waste of ballpoint pen shells and the amount of garbage.

Try not to use them when eating out. Disposable lunch box.

Sowing green means sowing hope. Garbage surplus and environmental problems. Garbage recycling and resource utilization. Garbage recycling and resource utilization (Part 2). Science in the sea bathhouse.

Think of drinking pure water

Nowadays, drinking water is becoming a trend. Although the media has introduced various disadvantages of drinking water more than once, the "drinking water" group is still expanding day by day.

Drinking water not only refers to pure water, but also includes mineral water, distilled water and even space water, etc. The tap water we grew up drinking has become relatively "non-drinking water". We do not exclude the current drinking water. Popularity and hype have played a certain role, but it reflects that the current seriousness of water pollution has reached an unpalatable level.

There are reports: "According to a survey of 798 cities and towns across the country in 1979, The national daily sewage discharge is 2.58 million tons for the country and the people, of which 819 are industrial wastewater and 199 are domestic sewage. In 1989, a survey of 854 cities and towns by the National Congress found that the daily discharge reached 36.53 billion tons. Among them, industrial wastewater reached an agreement 550 million tons. Most of this wastewater is discharged directly without treatment, polluting rivers, lakes and seas.

In addition, there is an indisputable fact in front of every Shanghainese. Huangpu, the mother river of Shanghai Before the mid-1950s (1958), the river was a river with clear water quality and swarms of fish and shrimp. In 1962, the water quality began to be polluted. In 1963, a 22-day black and smelly period began to appear. In 1988, it rose to 29 days, accounting for 10% of the total. About 2/3 of the year, the river section with unqualified water quality accounts for 64.5km, accounting for 56.99 of the total length of 113.5km.

The harm of water pollution is self-evident. Water pollution and deterioration of water quality are harmful to human health. It has brought serious harm to human life and production.

Water is an important substance for human survival. Clean people can bring people lush flowers and trees, birds singing and fragrance of flowers, tranquility, comfort, and beautiful picturesque scenery. The beautiful environment brings tranquility, joy and peace to people. But today's polluted water brings pain, terror and disaster to people. In order to make life better, let the beautiful mountains and rivers stay in the world forever and let the clear water flow continuously. , people have become more and more aware of the importance of preventing water pollution.

Sowing green means sowing hope. Excessive garbage and environmental problems. From drinking pure water, we think of garbage recycling and comprehensive resource utilization. Garbage recycling And the science of comprehensive utilization of resources in bathrooms

2. In 2005, an "environmental protection storm" broke out in mainland China, and 30 projects under construction with a total investment of more than 117.9 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration. , including three projects of the Three Gorges Corporation, which are both ministerial-level units. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and are illegal projects built without approval.

There is no way back from environmental deterioration. China’s environmental problems did not begin today. As early as the 1990s, environmental pollution problems were already very serious. Such as the Huaihe River Basin.

In the 1990s, Category 5 water quality accounted for 80%, and the entire Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all year round. In 1995, economic losses caused by environmental pollution reached 187.5 billion yuan.

According to calculations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage currently account for 15% of the total GDP, which means that on one side there is an economic growth of 9%, and on the other side there is a loss rate of 15%. Environmental issues are no longer just a problem for China's sustainable development, but have become a demon that devours economic results.

Currently, China’s desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; 471 counties in 18 provinces and autonomous regions, and the cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still It is growing at a rate of more than 10,000 square kilometers per year.

Among the seven major river systems, more than 40% of the water quality has no use value at all. Of the 668 cities across the country, more than 400 are suffering from water shortages. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is located at the intersection of the Yongjiang River, the Yaojiang River, and the Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, water trucks must run day and night to transport water from rural rivers to various places in the city. enterprise.

China's average industrial added value of 10,000 yuan consumes 330 cubic meters of water and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage; for every 100 million yuan of GDP created, 288,000 tons of wastewater are discharged. There is also a large amount of domestic sewage. More than 80% of it is discharged directly into rivers without treatment. In less than 10 years, China will be without water.

One-third of the country’s urban population breathes severely polluted air, and one-third of the country’s land is eroded by acid rain. In the economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 11% in Shanghai and about 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo, Wenzhou, etc., the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.

In China, the maximum amount of sulfur dioxide emissions allowed to basically eliminate acid rain pollution is 12 million to 14 million tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 21.587 million tons, an increase of 12% over 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 14.7%. at the current rate of economic development. As well as the methods and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emissions from thermal power plants across the country alone will reach more than 21 million tons, and the total emissions will exceed the atmospheric environment capacity by more than 1 times. This will be a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. disaster.

On January 27, someone predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland that if no rectification is taken, the sudden environmental crisis in human history will most likely cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future. appear in China in the future.

There is a saying that pollution control is in a dilemma. To control the environment while developing the economy, investment in environmental protection must reach more than 1.5% of GDP. But this is when environmental protection is already very good. In China, according to Shanghai's experience, to truly and effectively control the environment, investment in environmental protection must account for more than 3% of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of the 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption" with large investment and small contribution to GDP. Therefore, some special funds that should be used for environmental protection are also misappropriated for other purposes.

At present, China is in a dilemma regarding environmental issues: if it does not manage it, the future cannot be guaranteed; if it really needs to be managed, it will require large-scale investment, and the current economy will be unbearable.

Some people have calculated that the enterprises around Yunnan Dianchi Lake have only created a few billion yuan in output value in the past 20 years. However, to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi Lake, at least tens of billions of yuan will be spent. It is the annual fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province. The cumulative output value of small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin in 20 years is only 50 billion yuan. But to control the pollution caused by it, even if the main stream reaches the minimum irrigation water standard, 300 billion yuan will be needed. To restore the water quality to Category III in the 1970s would not only cost a terrible amount, but would also take at least 100 years.

The cost of breaking the law is low, but the cost of law enforcement is high. From a micro perspective, in the past 20 years, when the domestic manufacturing industry was unable to rely on technological progress to reduce energy consumption and costs, it could only tap its potential in two aspects: One is wages, and the other is environmental protection. For the simplest things, such as cement production, to meet minimum environmental protection requirements, each ton of cement needs to increase the cost by 8 yuan, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than 1 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it needs to be treated, it will cost 1.2 to 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase production costs by 5%. And the vast majority of companies simply don't have such high profit margins. Therefore, we can only fight guerrillas on environmental protection issues: either do not build any wastewater treatment facilities; or use them as decorations after they are built, put the sewage into the treatment tank during the day, and discharge it into the river at night when no one is around, so that we can save money. A big cost. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of the enterprise.

China's environmental law enforcement has two highs and one low - the high cost of complying with the law, the high cost of law enforcement, and the low cost of breaking the law, which also contributes to this tendency. Usually, the environmental protection department spends 500,000 yuan to obtain evidence for an illegal discharge incident, and the fine that ultimately falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental protection storm" that is blowing hard. .

Some extremely large power station projects with investments of billions of yuan started construction without authorization in violation of environmental assessment, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. A mere fine of 200,000 yuan is a drop in the bucket for a project with an investment of over 100 million yuan. How can such a punishment deter illegal behavior? Therefore, the Environmental Protection Law has always been called the "Tofu Law".

An environmental protection storm will involve hundreds of thousands of companies, and the result will inevitably be: a large number of companies go bankrupt, a large number of people are unemployed, business costs increase significantly, and the domestic price index quickly exceeds two levels. number of digits. Therefore, both macro and micro costs are actually unbearable.

Four factors hinder environmental governance. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, summed up the four reasons for the huge resistance encountered by environmental protection departments in the process of law enforcement:

First of all, some Local governments do not fully understand the scientific concept of development and simply pursue economic growth. Some projects that are expressly prohibited such as small smelting, small ferroalloys, and small chemicals with high energy consumption and heavy pollution are actually spreading in some places.

Secondly, some local governments unilaterally emphasize simplifying examination and approval and completing relevant procedures within a time limit when attracting investment. Regardless of whether the project will cause pollution, as long as it comes to invest, it will be approved. In some places, there are illegal phenomena such as "the will of the head" and "get on the bus first, buy the ticket later" in the environmental impact approval of construction projects.

Once again, the quality of environmental assessment needs to be improved urgently. Some environmental impact assessment units do not insist on scientific evaluation and do not dare to speak with objective facts and scientific data. The assessment conclusions are vague and ambiguous, and they push the conclusion of the environmental feasibility of the project to the approval department. Some even some environmental impact assessment units commit fraud and fabricate , falsify data, or conceal facts, seriously affecting the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, making environmental impact assessment a mere formality, and losing the basic scientificity and impartiality of third-party consulting agencies.

Finally, information disclosure and public participation are insufficient. my country's current environmental impact assessment system is government-led. It is obviously insufficient to supervise a huge number of construction projects with limited government power.

In fact, the resistance encountered by the environmental impact assessment law is driven by economic interests.

Setting off a real "environmental protection storm"

China is a big country with very little room for maneuver on the environment, and it is also a country that has emerged after the global resources and markets have been basically divided. A rising country. There is no way for China to wait until the environment becomes extremely bad and then deal with it, like some pioneering countries.

But China is also a developing country. The path taken by others of first developing the economy and then controlling pollution will inevitably be followed by China.

The history of various countries around the world has shown that there is a very similar law between economic growth and environmental change: in the process of industrialization of a country, environmental pollution will increase at a high rate with the GDP. During the period of growth, especially the era of heavy and chemical industry: when GDP grows to a certain level, as the industrial structure becomes more sophisticated and residents’ willingness to pay for the environment increases. After reaching a turning point, the pollution level will suddenly decline with the growth of GDP, until the pollution level returns to below the environmental capacity. This is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve. Japan's development process was based on this law.

There is no doubt that it is impossible for China to transcend such an era of heavy and chemical industry. Because China has too many people and the country is too big, it cannot directly enter the high-tech era with the help of global division of labor when its manufacturing industry is not yet developed, like Finland.

In the late 1990s, the author once returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu. Gone are the days when he was a child with clear river water and the ability to reach four townships and eight towns by boat. What surprised the author is that the main factor causing this situation turned out to be the most common domestic garbage. In China, even without industrial development, the pollutants brought by population growth are enough to degrade the environment to an intolerable level. Even controlling such pollution requires large investments and an economic foundation.

China has a long way to go to deal with pollution issues. It needs to act in accordance with the law to prevent the occurrence of vicious environmental incidents and slow down the rate of environmental deterioration.

3. What kind of outlook on environmental protection should we hold?

What kind of outlook on ecological environmental protection and resource development should we hold? Are environmental protection and resource development irreconcilable contradictions? I don't think so. Because their goals are the same, both for the survival of mankind. Therefore, scientific ecological environmental protection and resource development can achieve the unity of opposites.

I believe that all those who care about environmental issues have a sincere heart to ensure that our descendants can survive better for generations to come. We should not doubt those who develop and utilize natural resources in order to help people in poor areas get out of poverty and become rich as soon as possible. They also have a heart to ensure and improve the survival of people in poor areas. It's just that those who strongly advocate protection consider the long-term survival problems of the entire human race, while those who actively advocate development want to solve the current survival problems of people in local areas. Do we have any reason to deprive people in certain areas of their right to survival and development?

Over the years, thanks to the publicity efforts of various environmental protection organizations, the general public has developed a certain awareness of environmental protection. This is the credit of various environmental protection organizations and people. However, having environmental protection awareness does not mean understanding environmental protection. Although many of us have environmental awareness, they are unwilling to consciously abide by environmental protection standards out of consideration for their own immediate interests and greed for enjoyment. For example, some of us who no longer have to worry about food and clothing, in order to taste wild game, wear high-end fur fashions to show off our wealth, have promoted and stimulated the emergence and development of the wildlife trading market, making us more concerned about nature. The development and utilization of resources exceeds the capacity of nature. In this process, those who really deserve to be blamed should be those consumers who have no worries about food and clothing, not those who have no need for food and clothing and have to extract natural resources in order to survive. Nor should we blame those who are trying to bring poverty to poor areas. People who want people to get out of trouble as soon as possible and develop and utilize natural resources.

Why did environmental issues not attract people's attention at least before the industrial revolution, but now they have become a global urgent issue that increasingly affects human beings' own survival? This is because in the past, human beings' demands for natural resources and the various types of garbage they produced have not exceeded the bearing capacity of nature. But now, human beings' over-exploitation and utilization of nature and a large amount of domestic and industrial garbage have exceeded the capacity of nature. bearing capacity. How did this happen? It is the continuous pursuit of extravagant material and spiritual enjoyment by human beings after solving the problem of food and clothing. To completely solve environmental problems, we must curb people's ever-expanding desire for pleasure.

Therefore, when we promote environmental protection and expose environmental problems, the most important thing should be to promote a moral outlook of helping the rich, helping the poor, and living a simple life among us urbanites who have no worries about food and clothing and enjoy modern civilized life. For those living in poor and backward areas, their lives are already backward and simple enough, and have become so simple that it is difficult to make ends meet. How to solve their survival and development problems?

We should oppose that kind of dogmatic and extreme environmental thinking. This kind of thinking appears to be correct on the surface and very deceptive, but in fact it is very selfish and irresponsible because it deprives people in poor and backward areas of their right to survival and development.

In remote, poor and backward areas, local people hunt, cut down trees, and burn wasteland in order to survive. It is precisely because the dawn of modern civilization has not yet reached them that they still follow this backward way of life. In such living conditions, if they don’t hunt and cut down trees, what do you let them eat? What to burn? What to use? For the development and utilization of natural resources by local governments and local residents in these areas, some of our environmentalists always like to criticize them indiscriminately, and often make a well-intentioned mistake, that is: you cannot cut down the virgin forests here, and you cannot hunt them. Wild animals, don't build dams on the rivers here, retain the original features, you can promote economic development by developing green tourism. But under the current situation that our national quality and environmental awareness are not high, is tourism really green? Will tourism development not cause damage to the ecological environment? Let's see what happens. 1. In the past, local people only produced a small amount of domestic waste, and almost no non-biodegradable waste; but now due to the influx of a large number of tourists, a large amount of domestic waste has been brought, especially plastic food packaging that was rarely seen locally in the past. bag; may I ask whose fault it is? 2. Because tourists want to taste local game, wild animal and plant trading operations that did not exist before came into being. In the past, local people only hunted and dug small amounts of wild animals and plants for their own consumption. Now, in order to meet the needs of tourists, In order to increase their own economic income, they began to hunt and dig up wild animals and plants in large quantities. Who is to blame for this? 3. In the past, local people had simple folk customs and treated people sincerely; but now, tourists of all kinds come with all kinds of bizarre off-mountain cultures, as well as all kinds of fake and shoddy goods brought by unscrupulous traders and all kinds of deceptive and deceptive things. This method has benefited the local people a lot. From then on, the people's customs are no longer simple and their treatment of others is no longer sincere. Who is responsible for this?

The Lugu Lake Scenic Area in Yunnan is such a living example, and has been reported by CCTV. However, this report simply blamed the relevant local government departments. How many people have thought about who brought all this? Almost all scenic spots are not immune to this situation. I am not against the development of tourism here. What I want to say is that the development of tourism is not a panacea for environmental protection and development. Perhaps, the development of tourism will cause more damage to the ecological environment than the development of natural resources. In fact, tourism itself is also a use of natural resources. Therefore, the development and utilization of natural resources is not a question of whether it can or should be done, but a question of how to develop it.

The protection of the ecological environment should not blindly pursue the preservation of the environment without changing it at all. People who hold this extreme view of environmental protection, while caring about the environment, ignore the issues of survival and development, especially in remote, poor and backward areas. They idealize and dogmatize environmental protection, which makes environmental protection lose its vitality. This kind of people eat and drink by themselves and enjoy the benefits of modern civilization in the city without any worries. Some of them have been to remote poor and backward areas, let alone live and work there. A few people have been there, and it's just a trip around the mountains and rivers in a luxury off-road vehicle. They just want to use this to preserve a back garden where city people can have fun and explore after they have had enough food and drinks. According to their point of view, humans may have to return to primitive society to meet the requirements. This kind of thinking can only make us trapped in a cocoon and make society stagnant.

Once I traveled to Dulongjiang in Yunnan Province to take photos.

The well-preserved virgin forests and clear streams and rivers there left a deep impression on me. At the same time, the poor living conditions of the local residents also left an indelible impression on me. However, the one who impressed me the most was a border guard soldier. What he said to me: "For you tourists, this place is green mountains and green waters, but for those of us who are here every day, it is rough mountains and rivers." Please note that this is only a country that only needs to serve here for two years. What about those who have lived here for generations? This sentence was like a wake-up call to me, and it made me, a person who once shouted about environmental protection, sober up a lot.

We cannot regard all development and utilization of natural resources as damage to the ecological environment. Doing so is really too selfish and too dogmatic. What we oppose should be the kind of blind, excessive and destructive development that ignores long-term interests. For those projects that can help local people get rid of poverty and become rich, and enter civilization, ecological assessment has been done and ecological restoration after development has been taken into consideration. Sequential, scientific and reasonable development will not be hindered by arbitrary accusations. In fact, as long as scientific and reasonable development is done, the partial and temporary damage will not cause irreversible ecological disaster, but on the contrary will form a new ecological landscape and even improve the original harsh natural environment. There are no such examples. The far ones include Dujiangyan in Sichuan and the Grand Canal that runs from north to south, and the nearby ones include Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang and Lubuge Hydropower Station in Yunnan.

In terms of environmental protection, our most urgent goal at present is not to simply and crudely criticize and prevent the development and utilization of natural resources, but to improve the quality of the entire nation, especially those living in cities. , the environmental awareness of modern urbanites who live in civilization and have no worries about food and clothing. Those who have no environmental awareness in remote and impoverished areas do minimal damage to the environment, and they do it to ensure their own survival. Some can even say that their behavior itself is a chain in the local ecological environment. On the contrary, it is us, the literate modern urbanites, who, in order to enjoy themselves after having enough food and clothing, have stimulated the development of some luxury industries such as fur, high-end wooden furniture, game catering, and disposable utensils. The development of these industries has truly It has caused a complete and devastating blow to the ecological environment. Modern civilized urban talents are truly the direct and indirect killers of the ecological environment.

Imagine, if there are two people, one is a rich man who has no worries about food and clothing, and the other is a poor man who has no shelter and no food to eat, a rare wild animal appears in front of them, and the rich man wants to They are hunted to enjoy their fur and game, while the poor are hunted to keep out the cold, fill their bellies and survive. Should both behaviors be blamed?

Essay: Protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility

When I was at home, I often listened to my elders talking about how they played in the river when they were children. At that time, the green water was as clear as a ribbon and crystal clear. When you were thirsty, you could take a sip from it. The trees are lush and lush, wild flowers and young grasses, the mountains and hills are full of life. The sky is clear and blue, and the fresh, light air is swaying and rolling like waves.

Looking around now, there is domestic garbage everywhere. A gust of wind blows, and white, black, red, and plastic bags of various colors fly everywhere; discarded cans and used batteries can be seen everywhere. I heard from my mother that one AAA used battery can pollute at least one square meter of soil. If every household throws away one used battery, wouldn’t all the land in our country be polluted?