Summary of cattle and sheep breeding technology

Summary of cattle and sheep breeding technology

Chapter 1: Summary of Beef Cattle Breeding Technology Training Under the guidance of the spirit of promoting the development of local characteristic industries, Yanghe Township held a beef cattle breeding technology training activity in its own township, which has now ended. The summary is as follows:

I. Guiding ideology

Guided by Scientific Outlook on Development and market-oriented, this training was held in the slack season of winter and spring, which set off an upsurge of learning skills, applying skills and promoting growth in the whole town.

Second, the training object and content

This training is mainly aimed at rural agricultural labor force, focusing on improving employment ability and entrepreneurial ability, taking into account the improvement of comprehensive quality. The content of this training is beef cattle breeding technology.

Third, the training objectives

Through training, students can master beef cattle breeding technology and adapt to production practice quickly.

Fourth, work measures

1. Make plans and improve the training and teaching plan.

2. Attach great importance to it, establish a mechanism, use this training to comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality and skill level of workers, actively obtain the support of township leaders and village committees, and take village schools as the main position to carry out good training.

3. Strengthen leadership and publicity.

Before the class starts, the village director is required to do a good job in propaganda and mobilization according to the requirements of adult education and training, and strive to achieve a participation rate of 100% and a passing rate of over 90%.

4. Teachers should do their duty.

To do this training well, adult teachers should establish a sense of mission and responsibility, prepare lessons carefully, give lectures carefully, make good arrangements, check and summarize, and make the training work achieve good results.

5. Strengthen practical guidance and do a good job in solving doubts.

Problems with verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1, centralized training is difficult and the funds are small.

2. The farmers who participated in the training are older, less educated and less able to accept new knowledge.

Chapter 2: Summary of application and research technology of beef cattle standardized breeding supporting technology 1. The basis, purpose and significance of the project.

Beef cattle is one of the most widely distributed and reared livestock in the world. The demand for beef in the world is gradually increasing, and the price of beef is also rising steadily. Using heterosis, the economic hybridization technology of artificial insemination of beef cattle was implemented to maximize the benefit of cattle industry. In western developed cattle-raising countries, more than 80% have greatly improved the yield and quality of beef by using hybrid advantages, promoted the industrialization of cattle-raising and obtained the best economic benefits of cattle-raising industry.

Our county has always had the habit of raising cattle and eating meat, and farmers and herdsmen have accumulated rich experience in raising cattle. However, due to many factors, the slow improvement of beef cattle breeds in our county, the imperfect improvement system, the lag of scientific research and the small number of large-scale breeding are the "bottlenecks" that restrict the development of beef cattle in our county. In recent years, the beef cattle industry has developed rapidly through the implementation of the "Double Hundred and Double Ten" project. As far as the environment is concerned, it has formed a superior policy environment, a good public opinion environment and a broad market demand environment. On this basis, the quantitative breeding of beef cattle has begun to take shape.

This project is put forward according to the key points of grass and livestock industry in the whole city put forward by the county party committee and government, implementing the development idea of "double hundred and double ten" project (that is, one million sheep, one million chickens, one hundred thousand cows and one hundred thousand pigs) and taking the development road of "small group, large-scale and decentralized breeding". In order to speed up the process of beef cattle breeding in our county, improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding, increase farmers' income, further accelerate the development of grass and livestock industry in our county, give full play to the radiation-driven role of demonstration villages and households, and promote the expansion, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of grass and livestock industry in our county.

By establishing a comprehensive supporting technology system for hybrid beef cattle production, it can promote the enthusiasm of farmers in the county to develop cattle industry, make beef cattle industry a pillar industry in our county, further accelerate the rational utilization of straw resources, promote the virtuous circle of ecological animal husbandry economy, realize the extension of traditional agricultural and animal husbandry industrial chain, improve the added value of primary products of agriculture and animal husbandry, and be conducive to the professional, social and commercial development of traditional animal husbandry and by-product processing industry.

After the project is completed, it is estimated that 5,000 commercial beef cattle will be added each year, and the annual income can be increased by100000 yuan based on the annual net income of each cow. The average weight of commercial beef cattle in the implementation area reached 600 kg, the slaughter rate reached 56%, the net meat rate reached 68%, the meat quality was obviously improved, and the products reached international standards.

Product safety and hygiene standards can promote the development of beef slaughtering and processing industry, transportation industry, commerce and other related industries in our county and surrounding areas, and solve the employment problem of some rural surplus labor force. With the development of beef cattle industry, agricultural resources can be fully utilized, and returning straw to the field can greatly increase soil fertility and form a virtuous circle, which is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of rural ecological agriculture.

The area under its jurisdiction is rich in straw resources, and the available grassland area reaches 1 10,000 mu, so the natural conditions are very suitable for developing beef cattle production. There are cattle1.200,000 all year round in the county. However, due to the lack of variety improvement and technical popularization measures, the production performance of some yellow cattle has deteriorated, which has restricted the development of cattle industry in our county to some extent. Therefore, it is the only way to realize the industrialization of cattle industry in our county to introduce and breed new excellent varieties, make use of heterosis, select excellent hybrid varieties, improve the quality of Shandan beef cattle, establish leading enterprises and implement large-scale production and management. In recent years, our station has introduced frozen semen of excellent beef cattle such as Simmental, Charolais and Limousin, improved local yellow cattle by hybridization, and conducted experimental research on the improvement situation to explore ways and methods to improve the production performance of local yellow cattle, providing technical basis for the future development of beef cattle in our county. The project took more than two years to complete all the experimental research contents.

Second, the project source

The project "Research and Application of Supporting Techniques for Beef Cattle Standardized Breeding" was drafted by the County Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station in 2006, selected according to the needs of local market economy development, and submitted to the County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau and Science and Technology Bureau for approval and implementation. The county animal husbandry technology extension station shall bear it independently. The research period of the project is from March 2006 to February 2008, with 65438+. The project was presided over by Liu Gang, a veterinarian of the county animal husbandry technology extension station, and was organized by the county animal husbandry technology extension station in villages and towns such as Dongle, Qingquan, Chenhu and Liqiao. In charge of stationmaster Li, the participants include Huang Kequan, Ha, Liang, Yang Baoping and Zhenxin.

Three. Main contents of the project

1. The frozen semen of Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle and Limousin cattle was used for binary or ternary hybridization of local yellow cattle.

2. Study the key technical problems that affect the conception rate and reproduction rate in production, such as timely thawing of frozen semen of beef cattle, estrus identification of dairy cows, timely insemination, etc.

3. Performance measurement and analysis of crossbreeding between Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle and local yellow cattle.

4. Formulate the operating rules of artificial insemination technology for beef cattle.

5. Formulate technical specifications for standardized breeding of beef cattle.

6. Establish the breeding system of cattle improved varieties, and solve the production problems such as liquid nitrogen, frozen semen transportation, thawing and preservation. Based on the improvement points of frozen beef production in the outpatient department of county animal husbandry station, six demonstration points of frozen beef production were built, namely Dongle Animal Husbandry Station, Weiqi Animal Husbandry Station, Xitun, Xinhe, Huazhaizi and Wanhe.

7. Investigate the benefits of farmers raising beef cattle. The effect of F 1 generation crossing between imported frozen semen of high-quality beef cattle and Mongolian yellow cattle was studied. * * * Investigation 100 households 2 13, and the results are as follows: each household raises crossbreeding.

F 1 generation 2 cows, 2 calves per year, the average price of meat is 28 yuan/kg, or all 3-month-old calves are sold.

3,050 yuan, the average family income can reach about 6 100 yuan.

Four. Technical principle, route and innovation

(1) technical route

Simmental cattle and Charolais cattle are the first choice for beef cattle breeding and improvement in our county. In the implementation of the project, we will adhere to the technical route of "introducing improved varieties, hybrid improvement, experimental research, comprehensive support, grasping demonstration and standardized promotion", take free-range farmers as the basis, focus on large households, take scientific and technological services as the driving force, adopt the mode of company plus farmers, combine local reality and different ecological environment characteristics, first test and demonstrate, then popularize and apply, and gradually expand the hybrid improvement area from point to area to establish the production system of beef cattle improved varieties.

1. Selection of main beef cattle breeds

In recent years, some towns and villages have used imported Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle, Limousin cattle and other excellent varieties to produce hybrid offspring by frozen insemination, which has been recognized by farmers.

2. Screening of hybrid combinations

Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle and Limuxin cattle were used as male parents, and local Mongolian yellow cattle and Xiza F 1 were used as female parents to carry out binary and ternary hybrid improvement experiments, to determine the adaptability, calving performance, growth performance and meat production performance of F 1 and F2, and to evaluate the best hybrid combination.

3. Application of artificial insemination technology

Using artificial insemination technology of frozen semen of beef cattle, crossbreeding improvement of beef cattle was carried out in 6 frozen improvement points in the county.

4. Efficient feeding management technology.

Standardized site selection, shed construction, variety selection, cattle feeding, forage processing and storage, cattle feeding management, beef cattle fattening, epidemic prevention and health care technology, etc. So as to improve the scientific and technological content and economic, social and ecological benefits of animal husbandry.

5. Animal disease prevention and control technology.

Formulate immunization program and deworming plan for beef cattle, and track and monitor the titer of immune antibody.

(B) the promotion of innovative technologies

1. The change of beef cattle breeding mode. The traditional local bull mating breed was improved by artificial insemination with frozen semen of beef cattle. Beef cattle breeds have developed from single local cattle to binary or ternary hybrid offspring of excellent beef cattle such as Simmental cattle, Charolais cattle and Limousin cattle. A large number of local bulls are eliminated and fattened, which saves manpower and material resources for cattle breeding, reduces feeding costs, and improves the meat performance of cattle and the economic benefits of cattle industry.

2. The quality of beef cattle has been improved obviously. The offspring produced by hybrid improvement have significantly improved birth weight and body size, are resistant to rough feeding, fast in growth and development, easy to fatten, delicious in meat, strong in physique and strong in disease resistance, and have strong adaptability to the environment, climate and feeding conditions in the demonstration area.

3. Improvement of artificial insemination technology. Estrus identification and insemination time of dairy cows changed from appearance observation to rectal grasping depending on follicular development. Improve the fertilization rate and conception rate of dairy cows.

4. Improvement of insemination time limit after thawing of frozen semen. The old method that frozen semen must be administered immediately after thawing is changed to a new method that frozen semen can be administered easily after thawing.

5. The change of feeding management mode. Change the traditional extensive breeding management into fine and efficient breeding.

6. Service model innovation. The original first-class owner brought Petunia to the station for breeding, and changed it into "animal husbandry 1 10" hotline to carry out breeding services at home.

7. The economic benefits of breeding hybrid beef cattle have been significantly improved. Calves produced by local yellow cattle are weak,

Slow growth and development, long fattening period, and intolerance to roughage. It usually takes 2-3 years to fatten before it can be put on the market, and the carcass weight is low, and the slaughter rate and net meat rate are only about 50%, so the economic benefits produced by feeding are low. However, the price of hybrid beef cattle produced by improved frozen blending can reach more than 3,000 yuan at the age of 3-4 months, the weight of fattened cattle at the age of 12 months is about 400 kg, and that at the age of 18 months is about 600 kg, with a slaughter rate of 56% and a net meat rate of 68%, which greatly improves the economic benefits.

8. Special technical regulations have been formulated. The Technical Specification for Artificial Insemination of Frozen Semen of Beef Cattle in Shandan County and the Technical Specification for Standardized Breeding of Beef Cattle in Shandan County were compiled, which provided industry standards and scientific basis for standardizing and guiding beef cattle production in the county.

The main achievements and benefits of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

After the completion of the project, the average weight of commercial beef cattle in the implementation area reached 600 kg, the slaughter rate reached 56%, the clean meat rate reached 68%, the meat quality was obviously improved, and the products reached the international food safety and hygiene standards.

(1) remarkable economic benefits: since the implementation of the project, through demonstration and promotion of hybrid improvement, the county has produced 8,800 crossbred beef cattle of Huangxi F 1 and F2 generation, developed beef cattle farmers 15 households, and realized an additional output value of 26.84 million yuan. After the appraisal and acceptance of the project, its benefits can last for more than 8- 10 years, and more than 5,000 hybrid calves can be promoted every year, which can generate economic benefits of more than RMB15.5 million.

(2) The social benefits are obvious: after the implementation of the project, it can promote the development of beef slaughtering and processing industry, transportation, commerce and other related industries in our county and surrounding areas. Developing high-quality and high-yield beef cattle not only speeds up the adjustment of the production structure of animal husbandry in the county, but also expands the development path of increasing farmers' income, effectively promotes the rapid development of cattle industry in the county, effectively solves the employment problem of some rural surplus laborers, and has obvious social benefits.

(3) Good ecological benefit: adopting the mode of "farmers' breeding and large-scale house feeding fattening", returning the straw to the field, making full use of crop straw for house feeding fattening, forming a virtuous circle, greatly increasing soil fertility and making full use of agricultural resources.

(4) Provide scientific basis for the development of cattle industry: This project focuses on solving key technical problems such as timely fertilization, conception rate and reproduction rate in frozen semen production, and applying comprehensive supporting technologies to improve local yellow cattle. Through estrus identification and timely insemination, the pregnancy rate of dairy cows can be improved. To study the characters of improved beef cattle hybrid offspring and determine their growth and production performance. Combined with the problems existing in beef cattle production in our county, extensive research and exploration were carried out in improving shed facilities, feeding management, improving beef cattle production level, accelerating the adjustment of herd structure, strengthening environmental management, developing and utilizing straw, and popularizing standardized epidemic prevention and control technology. After experimental research, demonstration and promotion, sorting out and summarizing, two technical operation rules were formulated and perfected, which provided a set of technical data and scientific basis for the development of beef cattle in our county in the future.

Main measures of intransitive verbs

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. In order to strengthen the organization and leadership, strengthen the work measures, and implement the research and application project of supporting technologies for standardized beef cattle breeding in the county, a project coordination leading group and a project operation implementation group were established.

1. project coordination leading group: the director of animal husbandry bureau is the leader, the main person in charge of animal husbandry technology extension station is the deputy leader, and the leaders in charge of each township are members to form a project coordination group, which is mainly engaged in project management, coordination, supervision and inspection.

2. Project Operation Implementation Team: The project implementation team is headed by the stationmaster of the animal husbandry technology extension station, with the stationmaster of each township animal husbandry and veterinary station and relevant experts as members. It is specifically responsible for formulating the implementation plan, technical route, technical regulations, project publicity, training of breeders, cow filing, calving tracking, meat yield determination and other professional technical services, engaging in specific project operation activities, entering villages and households, and completing technical guidance and service work.

(2) Do a good job in implementing responsibilities. The construction of beef cattle breeding demonstration farm (household) is subject to the responsibility system, and the county and township have signed the target management responsibility letter, and the county animal husbandry technology extension station has also signed the target responsibility letter with the technical personnel of each package point, forming a working mechanism of grasping the first level and implementing it layer by layer, ensuring the smooth implementation of the demonstration construction.

(3) Strengthen technical services. The animal husbandry department sent professional and technical personnel to villages and households, effectively strengthened technical services, guided demonstration households of beef cattle breeding to promote forage silage and ammoniation technology, and improved forage utilization rate. Strengthen technical training, popularize cold blending technology, and improve the management level and breeding efficiency of cattle farmers.

(4) Do a good job in demonstration sites. In order to gain experience, promote and guide the crossbreeding improvement of large-scale beef cattle, implement the responsibility system of technical leaders in Baoxiang, and fix special personnel to focus on demonstration sites, this project began to select 4 townships (farms) as demonstration sites. Breeding improvement, technical training, conventional technology popularization, small-scale experimental research, introduction and application of new technologies and regular measurement of improvement effects are the main contents. Through experimental demonstration, experience is summarized and gradually applied to the field. Four rural (town) farms (households) gave birth to 2930 local Mongolian cows in the same year, and gave birth to 285 live calves1head, with a conception rate of 97.2%, a calf survival rate of 96. 1% and a reproduction rate of 88.2%. At the age of 24 months, the average head output is 220kg, the market meat price is 28 yuan /kg, the meat income is 0.6 1000 yuan, and the average household net income is more than 4,000 yuan.

(5) Strengthen technical training and scientific popularization. Around the project work, according to the principle of practicality, practicality and effectiveness, 32 training courses on beef cattle improvement, artificial insemination, estrus synchronization, beef cattle feeding management technology and various applied technologies were held (8 in counties and 24 in towns and villages), and 45 technicians in township stations, 20 technicians at village level and more than 300 cattle farmers were trained (times). Training is mainly based on the popularization and application of basic theory and practical technology, and is organized by county and township animal husbandry stations. Through technical training, while improving the technical level and professional ability of professionals, frozen breeders and large cattle farmers can basically master the techniques of improved seed breeding, beef cattle feeding management, seed selection and elimination, forage processing, disease prevention and control, etc., creating conditions for promoting scientific cattle raising and accelerating the pace of improvement. While doing a good job in technical training, combined with the development of the work, the significance, methods and new technologies of beef cattle improvement are widely publicized by radio, newspapers, pictures and popular science books, so as to continuously improve the consciousness of beef cattle improvement and make at least 1 beef cattle farmers master scientific breeding technology.

(six) do a good job in experimental research and organize the introduction and popularization of new technologies. This project adapts measures to local conditions, promotes scientific and technological progress with technological innovation, and carries out three small-scale experimental studies in combination with the actual situation of the project, which will be implemented by the contractor. Write a high-quality research report after the test and promote it throughout the county.

Seven. Existing problems and suggestions

(1) Problems:

Although the transformation of beef cattle base in our county started early and achieved good results, there are still some problems that can not be ignored: first, decentralized management, small breeding scale and poor ability to resist market risks. Second, the number of cows is small and scattered. Third, extensive management, especially yak stocking in Damaying Township and Laojun Township, leads to aging varieties and high breeding cost. Fourth, the market information is not smooth, the source of cattle purchased by farmers is unclear, and transportation is difficult. Fifth, the commodity rate of products is low, it is difficult to form a brand, there are many intermediate links in sales, profits are distributed many times, and farmers can get less profits. Sixth, the early stage of aquaculture investment is large, farmers' self-raising ability is poor, and government support is limited.

(2) Suggestions:

In order to better carry out the construction of beef cattle base in our county, combined with the actual situation in our county, the following suggestions are put forward: first, strengthen technical and information services, and make early preparations for farmers from the aspects of site selection, design, planning and introduction of breeding varieties; Give full play to the advantages of the animal husbandry department and actively cooperate with the main meat varieties; Get in touch with the cattle base to find a suitable source of cattle for farmers and help solve the problem of buying cattle. Second, support policies for dairy farmers should be introduced as soon as possible to encourage farmers to raise basic cows, so as to achieve a breakthrough in the total amount of livestock and poultry breeding with the expansion of female herds. The third is to speed up the improvement of improved varieties, maximize self-reproduction and self-education, and reduce the cost of breeding. The fourth is to consolidate and expand the achievements of the original standardized beef cattle community construction, popularize standardized feeding techniques and improve the utilization rate of the community. Guiding farmers to change their concept of farming with economic benefits. Fifth, increase investment attraction, broaden financing channels, strive for more capable wealthy families to return to their hometowns to engage in farming, and inject new vitality into the grass and livestock industry in our county.

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