What are the special jobs on the construction site?

all kinds of construction workers on the construction site are responsible for different aspects of work, so what is a special type of work? The following Zhongda Consulting will answer your questions.

I. the meaning of special type of work

special type of work refers to the general term for the job categories of personnel engaged in special operations, and refers to the type of work that is prone to casualties and has great harm to the safety of the operator, others and surrounding facilities. The former Ministry of Labor designated underground, high altitude, high temperature, heavy manual labor or other jobs harmful to health as special jobs, and made it clear that the scope of special jobs was determined by the competent departments of various industries or labor departments.

II. Classification of special types of work in construction engineering

Building electrician, building scaffolder (ordinary scaffolding, attached lifting scaffolding), building crane driver (tower crane), building crane driver (construction elevator), building crane driver (material elevator), building crane installation and disassembly worker (tower crane), building crane installation and disassembly worker (construction elevator) Installation and disassembly workers of hanging baskets working at heights, construction welders (electric welding, gas welding and cutting), installation quality inspectors of construction hoisting machinery (tower cranes), installation quality inspectors of construction hoisting machinery (construction lifts), pile driver operators, construction concrete pump operators, motor vehicle drivers in the construction site (only those who have not obtained relevant motor vehicle driver's license issued by the public security department), etc.

iii. requirements for the management of special types of work in construction projects

construction special operators must pass the examination by the competent construction department and obtain the operation qualification certificate of construction special operators before they can take up their posts and engage in corresponding operations. (Regulations on the Management of Special Operators in Construction)

Special operators in construction should operate in strict accordance with safety technical standards, norms and procedures, correctly wear and use safety protection articles, and maintain working tools and equipment according to regulations. (Regulations on Management of Special Operators in Construction)

In case of an emergency that endangers personal safety during construction, special operators in construction have the right to immediately stop operations or evacuate dangerous areas, and report to full-time safety production management personnel and project leaders at the construction site. ("Regulations on the Management of Special Operators in Construction")

IV. Problems existing in the management of special types of work on the construction site at present

(1) Some operators of special types of work take up their posts without a license, and their operation certificates are off-trial, and they work across types of work. In some sites, due to the ideological paralysis and weak safety awareness of site management personnel, the phenomenon of arranging unlicensed personnel to take up their posts is prominent, and some teams and groups have no certified personnel when carrying out special operations, so they arrange unlicensed personnel to take up their posts. There are still some special types of workers on the construction site. After the expiration of the operation certificate of special types of work due to the change of work unit or work place, the operation certificate failed to be postponed in time, which led to the invalidation of the operation certificate. There are also some construction sites, where the site managers arrange electricians for welding operations, welders for electrician operations, and tower crane drivers for cable command operations. Similar phenomena are common in construction sites.

(2) There is a phenomenon that some workers in special types of work have weak safety awareness and low professional skills. In the safety inspection of the construction site, it is often found that some workers in special types of work are not aware of safety, such as scaffolders who do not wear safety belts in accordance with the regulations when working at heights, electricians who do not wear insulating shoes, and welders who do not wear protective masks when working. At the same time, the safety operation skills and knowledge of some special types of work on the site failed to pass, which led to the scaffolder's failure to build safety protection facilities according to the plan, and the phenomenon of saving trouble by experience or drawing often appeared, which led to the unqualified safety protection facilities on the site. When electricians carry out temporary power operation, the electrical equipment can't achieve "three-level distribution, two-level protection" and "one machine, one box, one leakage protection", and the safety operation skills of special types of workers fail to pass, which leads to more hidden safety hazards on site and brings greater difficulty to safety production management.

(3) There is a phenomenon that the safety education and training and safety technical disclosure for workers with special types of work are not in place at the construction site. Some technical and management personnel of the construction unit believe that special types of work have been trained by formal institutions and passed strict examinations before obtaining the qualification certificate, and the safety operation skills and safety knowledge are available. Therefore, the on-site education, training and disclosure work can be ignored or omitted. On the construction site of some projects, the operators of special types of work are completely ignorant of the safety matters or work objectives that should be paid attention to in their own work content, and their daily work is only based on experience, which often leads to some unexpected hidden dangers on the site.

(4) there is a phenomenon that the safety inspection of special types of work is not in place. On the construction site of some projects, site managers often think that special types of work are specially trained, and there is no problem in safe operation. Sometimes, because the places where special types of work can't be easily reached, they ignore the inspection, such as scaffolder erection of an outer frame. Often in the on-site safety inspection and daily safety inspection, the inspection of special types of work is ignored, and hidden dangers often appear and cannot be mastered, let alone rectified.

V. Measures to solve the management problems of special types of work on the construction site

(1) Strictly carry out the system of holding certificates, and unlicensed personnel are strictly prohibited from taking up their posts. When the personnel enter the site, the project department and the team should strictly check the qualifications of special operators before organizing special types of work. Only after the qualifications of special types of work are confirmed can the special types of work be arranged, otherwise, the work shall not be arranged. Strict certificate system is the premise of doing a good job in the operation management of special types of work, which is also a work that the state and local governments attach great importance to recently. Especially in the process of on-site safety inspection and civilized construction site acceptance by local construction administrative departments, it is important to check the qualifications of special types of workers. The construction site shall not arrange or acquiesce to the personnel who do not have the qualification for special operations to carry out special operations because of the tight construction period or other reasons, otherwise, the consequences will be unimaginable.

(2) Conduct on-site assessment of special types of work, and those who do not have on-site safety operation skills will be eliminated. Due to some abnormal reasons and utilitarian thoughts, a few people who don't have the knowledge and skills of safety operation in special types of work have obtained formal operation qualification certificates through abnormal means, which will bring very serious hidden dangers to on-site safety production when they are working in special types of work. Therefore, when a special type of work has just started, the on-site project department should organize personnel to evaluate the on-site safety operation skills of the special work. If it is found that the operation skills and knowledge are obviously unqualified, the elimination system should be implemented, and this part of people should not be allowed to continue the operation of the special type of work.

(3) Strict pre-job safety education and training for special jobs. The hazard source of each project site is different, especially the working environment in which the special type of work is located has great danger, so safety education, training and disclosure must be strictly carried out. When carrying out safety education and training for special types of work and disclosing types of work, it is necessary to deliver the disclosure to every operator, and the disclosure education and training should be targeted. The disclosure work should be signed, and the possible safety hazards and safety operation skills on site should be described in detail in the disclosure content. There should be an emergency plan in the disclosure. After the disclosure education and training is completed, the examination should be conducted. Those who fail the examination should not be arranged to take up their posts, or they can only take up their posts after passing the re-examination. Avoid education and training disclosure as a mere formality.

(4) the labor protection of workers with special types of work should be further strengthened. The working environment of operators with special types of work on site is dangerous. For example, when scaffolders set up an outer frame, the risk of falling from a height is greater, and when the tower crane company conducts signal command, it is within the range of object strike, and so on. Therefore, the danger of the working environment requires that special types of work must be within the scope of strict protective equipment protection. For example, scaffolder must be equipped with non-slip shoes, safety belts, safety helmets, tool bags, etc. Electricians must be equipped with insulating gloves, shoes and helmets when conducting electrician operations. At the same time, the work schedule of special types of work should conform to scientific laws, and it should not be overstrained, overloaded or overtime. Many accidents are caused by fatigue work, so the work schedule and labor intensity of special types of work should be arranged reasonably.

(5) improve the safety atmosphere of special types of work in the construction site of construction projects. The construction site should make use of all available platforms, do a good job in the publicity of on-site safety production work, and create a good safety production atmosphere. Such as scaffolding, protective shed, safe passage, publicity column and other places outside the site to set up safety slogans, propaganda cartoons and other forms of publicity content, to remind special types of workers to pay attention to safety production at any time.

(6) the on-site supervision and inspection of special types of work should be strong. On-site supervision and inspection of the operation process of special types of work should form a system, and every day, every operation surface and every working procedure should be inspected and accepted. Check the safe operation of the operation process and the safety and reliability of the task completion. If problems are found, rectification opinions and measures should be put forward in time to prevent accidents in the operation process and accidents caused by unqualified task completion.

(7) set up a safety account for special types of work on site, and summarize, commend and punish them regularly. The construction site of a building project should make a detailed record of the time, location, workers, work completion, whether the operation process is safe and whether there is any violation of regulations. On-site project managers regularly summarize according to the safety operation ledger, and establish an on-site special type of work reward system if the task of special type of work is well completed, which can give material rewards or spiritual rewards. For those who can't complete the task and bring frequent hidden dangers to the site safety management, informed criticism should be given or economic punishment should be given. Those who still can't achieve the management purpose through criticism, education and punishment should be removed from the field to prevent accidents.

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