What kinds of fonts are there in modern Chinese character printing?

The external formal features of characters. It is the style of words, and it is the coat of words. The artistry of fonts is reflected in its perfect external form and rich connotation. Font is the carrier of culture and the epitome of society. What kinds of fonts are there in modern Chinese character printing? I hope you like it!

Font refers to various styles of text. The fonts of modern Chinese characters can be roughly divided into two forms: handwriting and printing.

Calligraphy includes regular script, running script and cursive script. Regular script is a modern popular handwritten Chinese character, also called regular script. Running script is the main auxiliary font of regular script, and its shape is between cursive script and regular script. Cursive script is characterized by strokes connected and quick writing, and is generally used for calligraphy or quick writing.

There are four types of printing: Song Style, Imitation Song Style, Regular Script and Bold Style. The following categories introduce these four glyphs.

Songti, also known as Lao Songti, is a popular Chinese character printing. The font is square, the strokes are rigorous, the horizontal strokes are thin, the vertical strokes are thick, and there are decorative points and lines. This font is generally used in the text of books and newspapers.

Imitation of Song Dynasty is made by using the structure of Song style and the brushwork of regular script. Its strokes are uniform in thickness, uniform in structure and delicate in shape, which can be divided into long, square and flat. It is mainly used for typesetting the text of documents or poems, citing articles, prefaces of books, illustrations of plates, etc.

Regular script is also called living. The shape is close to handwritten regular script, the font is dignified and the strokes are round. Mostly used for printing popular books, primary and secondary school textbooks and children's books.

Bold body is also called bold square head. Thick strokes, plump glyphs, eye-catching reading. Often used in headlines, slogans, advertisements or important parts of articles.

Among the above four fonts, Song Ti and Kai Ti are commonly used in printing. However, before the font arrangement, the font structure and pen shape of Songti were very different from those of regular script. For example, the word "namely" in regular script is translated into "truth", and the word "truth" in regular script is translated into "truth". This difference between Songti and regular script not only increases the burden on Chinese character literacy teaching, but also brings inconvenience to people's application. To this end, the relevant departments have sorted out the printed song style. Because the font structure of printed regular script is basically the same as that of handwritten regular script, in order to facilitate people's study and application, an important principle of sorting out fonts is to make the font structure and pen shape of Songti as close as possible to regular script. 1965 1 The Catalogue of Chinese Characters for Printing, jointly issued by the Ministry of Culture and the China Character Reform Commission, stipulates the standard font of 6 196 common Chinese characters (namely "Song Style"). The printing department engraves words according to this specification, and the size is numbered according to the unified standard. Now books, newspapers and periodicals are printed in this font.

: font type

1. ?

Pine nuts Pine nuts originated in the Song Dynasty, but were established in the Ming Dynasty, so they are still called "Ming style" in Japan. Songti is the most widely used font in the printing industry. According to the different shapes of characters, it can be divided into book songs and newspaper songs. Songti is a printing font, which originated from the Song Dynasty when block printing was popular. The font is square, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the thickness is clear, the edges and corners are sharp, rigorous, neat and even, and the strokes are regular, which makes people feel comfortable and eye-catching when reading. In modern printing, it is mainly used for the text of books and periodicals or newspapers.

In the Song Dynasty, "culture and education were promoted, but military affairs were suppressed", and culture showed unprecedented prosperity. In Song Dynasty, the printing and publishing industry entered the golden age, block printing flourished, the book engraving center developed rapidly, and movable type printing was invented. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a large number of Song editions were engraved, and the Song style was established in the Ming Dynasty. Song style is easy to write and engrave, and the font is beautiful and dignified, which adapts to the requirements of industrialized operation of printing and publishing industry and becomes a witness to the perfection of culture in Song Dynasty.

The combination of China's calligraphy and block printing produced Song characters. Therefore, Song Zi not only has the charm of China's calligraphy, but also has the charm of block printing and woodcut.

2. Yan Shu

Yan Shu is a new style of China's calligraphy. Yan Shu, Yan Ti and Yan Shu Ti are a new style of China's calligraphy. Calligraphy, Yan Shu, Lu Feng, Shou Feng, center pen, from the bottom right, not only inherited the traditional calligraphy, but also different from the traditional calligraphy, showing a distinctive new style of calligraphy. Yan Shu's calligraphy style has a profound historical and cultural origin. It inherits the traditional calligraphy art of China for thousands of years. Yan Shu's calligraphy achievement lies in his great breakthrough in traditional calligraphy and his great contribution to the development of China's calligraphy art.

Traditional calligraphy can be divided into five styles: cursive script and seal script. Strictly speaking, Yan Shu's calligraphy is not among the five styles. Yan Shu's calligraphy can draw lessons from five calligraphy styles, such as node painting and pen turning, but its solid foundation and premise are orthodox books. Although Yan Shu's calligraphy is not the "sixth style" after the "Five Styles", as far as its style and characteristics are concerned, it is indeed once in a thousand years and unprecedented. The structure of Yan Shu's calligraphy is based on the main book, which was not mentioned in the previous calligraphy. The front and side are interactive and vivid. Traditional calligraphy, regular script is regular script, cursive script is cursive script, and the front is clear. It is the innovation, inheritance and development of China's calligraphy.

3. Regular script

Regular script is also called regular script, real script and official script. Li Shu, founded by Cheng Miao, has gradually evolved and become more simplified and level. Ci Hai is interpreted as "square and straight, which can be used as a model." Hence the name regular script. It started at the end of the Han Dynasty and has been popular ever since. The appearance of regular script follows closely Han Li's composition and pursues the further development of formal beauty. During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty, the writing of Chinese characters gradually changed from wave to wave, and became "left" (dot), "sweep" (long left), "peck" (short left) and "lift" (straight hook). Such as Wuwei medical bamboo slips and Juyan Han bamboo slips. Regular script is characterized by neat rules and is a model in fonts, so it is called regular script and has been used ever since.

Regular script is a modular body, as mentioned in Zhang Huaiguan's "Shu Duan". People in the Six Dynasties still used it habitually, such as Yang Xin's Cai, and On the Biography of Wei Shou, saying, "Shou is a general, and Jingzhao people are good at regular script." That's the abbreviation of "eight-block method", which didn't replace the name of the official book until the Northern Song Dynasty, and its content was obviously different from the ancient name. There is probably an example of the above.

Regular script is the most popular script in China feudal society from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Jin and Tang Dynasties. Before the appearance of regular script, China calligraphy had produced three styles: Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu. Generally speaking, the ancient characters before Xiao Zhuan are collectively referred to as Da Zhuan, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and six languages except Qin in the Warring States Period. Xiao Zhuan is a popular script after Qin unified China. On the basis of Qin script, refer to other vassal scripts. In order to facilitate writing, it is standardized and unified. This is the first standardized regular script in the history of calligraphy in China. Official script is another representative character after Xiao seal, which is based on Xiao seal. The appearance of official script is a great revolution of Chinese characters. Its significance lies not only in the symbolization of Chinese characters, but more importantly, it has changed the writing style and aesthetic trend of Chinese characters, thus laying a foundation for the emergence of regular script calligraphy art and further opening up a broad world for the development and prosperity of China calligraphy art.

4. cursive script

Cao Zhang: "Cao": a convenient writing font produced by Chinese characters. It began in the early Han Dynasty. At that time, it was "Cao Li", that is, scribbled official script, which gradually developed into a kind of "Cao Zhang" with artistic value. Before the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhi changed "Cao Zhang" to "modern grass", and the character style was formed in one stroke. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xu and Huai Su developed into "weeds", with continuous strokes and changeable glyphs. Modern Lin Sanzhi, Li Zhimin and Yu Youren have the reputation of "sage of grass". Lin Sanzhi's representative works include Sino-Japanese Friendship Poem and Xu Yao's Cursive Poem on Huai Su, among which the Sino-Japanese Friendship Poem is called "the first cursive poem in Lin Sanzhi".

Part of Lin Sanzhi's first Sino-Japanese friendship cursive script.

5. Official script

Official script is also called "official character" and "ancient book". It is a font produced on the basis of seal script to meet the needs of convenient writing. The seal script is simplified, and the uniform circle lines of the seal script are changed into straight strokes, which is convenient for writing. This is a font created in prison, which can be divided into "Qin Li" (also known as "Guli") and "Han Li" (also known as "Lishu"). The appearance of Lishu is a great change in ancient writing and calligraphy.

Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and "twists and turns". It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". It is also said that official script originated in the Warring States period.

Official script is relative to seal script, and its name originated from the Eastern Han Dynasty. The appearance of official script is another great change of China characters, which brings China's calligraphy art into a new realm, is a turning point in the development history of Chinese characters, and lays the foundation for regular script. Official script is flat, neat and exquisite. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the painting methods such as skimming, pressing and pointing were beautified as upward provocation, with different degrees of severity and artistic beauty of calligraphy. Styles also tend to be diversified, which is of great artistic appreciation value.

According to legend, Li Shu was compiled by Cheng Miao in prison at the end of Qin Dynasty, which simplified traditional Chinese characters, rounded fonts and changed strokes into straight ones. Changing "Lian Bi" into "broken pen" and changing lines into strokes makes writing more convenient. "Li Ben" is not a prisoner, but a small official, that is, a small official in charge of documents, so in ancient times, official script was called "Zuo Shu". Calligraphy, at the same time, derived cursive script, regular script, running script and regular script, which laid the foundation of art.

Official script is basically evolved from seal script, mainly changing the round strokes of seal script into square folds. Because it is difficult to draw round strokes on wooden slips with pigments, the official script is written faster.

6. Running script

Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script, which appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty. It is to make up for the shortcomings of slow writing in regular script and illegible cursive script. The brushwork is not as sloppy as cursive script, and it is not required to be as correct as regular script. There are more methods of mold opening than cursive writing, which is called "mold opening". Cursive calligraphy is more than modular method, which is called "cursive calligraphy". Running script began in the late Han Dynasty.

The name of the running script first appeared in Wei Heng's Four Books in the Western Jin Dynasty: Zhong (Yao) and Hu (Zhao) all studied calligraphy under Zhang Huaiguan's Shu Duan in the Tang Dynasty: "The calligrapher is like Liu Desheng. That is, the book is small and fake, and the affairs are simple and popular, so it is called a running account. " Zhang Huaiguan also said in "On Books": "Husband's calligraphy is neither grass nor true, leaving the party and avoiding circles, and caring about seasonal Mencius. Those who are true are called true, and those who bring grass are called grass." In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Fang had a more vivid description in Ji Shu: "Write without stopping, write without engraving, gently turn and press again, like running water, without interruption, for business will last forever." Because of its unique artistic expression and wide practicability, running script has been favored and widely circulated since its birth. After the golden period of Wei and Jin Dynasties and the development period of Tang Dynasty, running script reached a new peak in Song Dynasty and gradually occupied the mainstream position in various calligraphy styles. Throughout the long history of calligraphy, the development of seal script, official script and regular script has ups and downs, while running script is immortal, which has always been a prominent study in calligraphy. Great calligraphers of past dynasties wrote a glorious history of running script development.

7. Bold body

The historical product of machine printing in bold type. For at least 100 years, black-faced Chinese characters have erased all the artificial marks and word-making origins of China's calligraphy, and calligraphy has no beginning and end; It establishes the basic structure of Chinese characters geometrically (it is constructive, not written), and its uniform stroke width and smooth stroke radian show a stable, mechanical and eternal feature.

8. Imitation of Song Dynasty

Imitation of Song Dynasty, as its name implies, is a variant of Song Dynasty, and it is also printed. A printed font, modeled after the font engraved in the Song Dynasty. The strokes are even in thickness, with three bodies: long, square and flat. Also known as imitation song, imitation song.