The social investigation report on food safety is 3,000 words. Thank you, Weiming 1605@vip.qq.com.

Discussion on the present situation and countermeasures of food safety in China

20 1 1 ou yonghui, bachelor of law.

With the continuous progress of economy and society, the deepening of economic globalization, the increasing diversification of people's diet culture, and the continuous improvement and strengthening of people's awareness of defending their right to life and health, food safety has become a hot topic of great concern. Re-examining food safety has risen to the height of national public safety.

Keywords: current situation of scientific supervision of food safety

First, the current situation of food safety in China

In recent years, food safety incidents have continued. Some well-known enterprises have been exposed to food safety scandals. Jinhua ham containing dichlorvos has an effect on gastrointestinal mucosa and may be fatal; The use of melamine, a banned substance in inferior milk powder in Fuyang, led to malnutrition and low immunity of infants, and a series of irreparable serious consequences appeared. In 2005, excessive iodine in Nestle milk powder affected thyroid function; In 2006, people ate pork containing clenbuterol, which caused dizziness, nausea, trembling hands and feet and even coma and death due to cardiac arrest. 20 10 "egg and milk project" in compulsory education in Xunyang county, collective food poisoning incident in Huanggang experimental school in Ankang, Shaanxi province, etc., the safety problems in all aspects of food raw material production, food processing, food circulation and catering service are no longer unfamiliar to consumers. According to statistics, in 20 1 1 year, public security organs at all levels, together with various regulatory departments, cracked more than 5,200 food safety crimes and arrested more than 7,000 people involved. Procuratorial organs at all levels arrested suspects 180 1 person and prosecuted 1254 people; People's courts at all levels have concluded 333 cases of producing toxic and harmful food, and the effective judgment is 42 1 case.

With the promulgation of People's Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, food safety is divided into four regulatory links from all aspects of food safety risks: first, the agricultural department is responsible for the production of agricultural and sideline products to ensure that there is no problem at the source; Second, there is no problem that the quality inspection department is responsible for food production; Third, there is no problem for the industrial and commercial departments to be responsible for food circulation; Fourth, the food and drug supervision and administration department is responsible for food safety in catering services. The Food Safety Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) has a clear division of labor and clear responsibilities, and implements the whole process supervision from the source of food safety to the public dining table.

In order to avoid the phenomenon of buck-passing in the supervision process of various functional departments, the "Food Safety Committee" has been set up at all levels from the central government to the local government to be responsible for the comprehensive coordination of food safety. The food safety comprehensive law enforcement brigade, which was first established in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, and the "four-level" management mode of food safety supervision implemented by one department may also be widely promoted and implemented throughout the country. Although the national food safety authorities and think tanks are doing their best to supervise food safety, and the regulatory authorities at all levels have not made any efforts, it is puzzling that in recent years, inferior foods are still emerging one after another, just like foods containing melamine are constantly exposed, and some food raw materials are seriously polluted during farmers' field planting, and so on. These problems seriously threaten people's lives and health, and food safety closely related to the people worries consumers. People don't know what to eat and what not to eat.

Second, the characteristics of food safety issues in China

Food safety problems emerge one after another and are repeatedly prohibited. From the analysis of some typical cases that appear at present, there are the following four characteristics:

First, problem foods are becoming more and more widespread. The diversification of problem foods has expanded from traditional staple foods such as grain, oil, meat, poultry, eggs, vegetables, bean products and aquatic products to fruits, wine, dairy products, food, etc., and problems have appeared in all aspects of food raw material production, food processing, food circulation and catering services.

Second, the harm degree of problem food is getting deeper and deeper, which has moved from the health hazard outside food to the safety hazard inside food. In the past, we only paid attention to the total number of bacteria in food, but now it is the residues of pesticides, fertilizers and chemicals that go deep into food.

Third, in order to maximize profits and make black-hearted money, the means of adding prohibited substances and non-use substances in food are more and more diverse, more and more "in-depth" and more and more hidden, from the outside to the inside of food, from physics to chemistry. Judging from the toxic and harmful foods exposed, criminals' methods of making drugs and making fakes are novel and hidden, and general monitoring methods are difficult to find.

Fourth, the production and sale of fake goods presents a trend of scale and chain. The source of prohibited substances is very hidden, and the chain of making and selling fake goods is getting longer and longer.

Third, the causes of many food safety problems.

1. The frequent occurrence of food safety incidents is mainly due to the weak supervision of relevant departments on food safety production and operation. Lack of source supervision of agricultural and sideline products, no in-depth inspection of pesticides and fertilizers in the field, and no in-depth inspection of animal breeding feed, making food raw materials inherently polluted; The supervision of production links is not in place, the access control is not strict, the access threshold is low, the production process lacks full supervision, and some products go through the formalities in ex-factory inspection; There are a large number of catering services, and there is a lack of supervision over key parts. These problems make China's food industry seriously violate the rules and illegally produce, sell and manage unqualified food. China's food supervision has always adopted the mode of subsection management, supplemented by variety management. In the actual operation process, various functional departments either compete for supervision, repeat law enforcement, or fight for everything, which provides an opportunity for some food industries to illegally produce and sell unqualified food.

2. There are many drawbacks and problems in China's food safety legal system, which provide living space for the emergence of many problematic foods. China's food safety laws and regulations are too general, and their operability is not comprehensive, and some of them are even difficult to operate. For example, the provisions on legal liability in the Food Safety Law have a high starting point in punishing minor violations by some small enterprises, and are not very flexible to operate in some economically backward places. There are also some unclear management methods issued by corresponding functional departments, and some relevant legal documents are not very compatible. For example, in the supervision of catering services, if the business premises without a catering service license need to be sealed up and detained, whether it is possible to put a seal on the door and whether it is possible to use the "Decision on Sealing up and Seizure" is not clearly stipulated in the relevant laws. In the administrative punishment law, there is no clear stipulation on the amount of large fines, and there is no clear definition in the laws and regulations of functional departments. Therefore, in the process of law enforcement, it is easy to appear illegal law enforcement and law enforcement is not in place. In addition, some existing food safety standards are low, many indicators are far below international standards, and many important standards have not yet been formulated, which provides an opportunity for those manufacturers and enterprises that illegally produce ultra-low and unqualified foods. The supervision department is backward in supervision means and lacks the most basic monitoring equipment. The supervision method is relatively rough and the coverage of the monitoring system is narrow. There are not even monitoring institutions and testing equipment below the county level. For example, in the supervision of catering services, it is impossible to identify whether some ingredients of food exceed the standard.

3. The regulatory power and law enforcement equipment of the regulatory authorities are not in place. After the implementation of the Food Safety Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), all functional departments have their own duties and managed by sections. Although the agricultural department has set up an agricultural law enforcement brigade, the monitoring of agricultural products is only a formality, because of the lack of professional monitoring personnel, the monitoring volume is too large and the personnel are not in place. The quality inspection department has a heavy workload and a serious shortage of personnel. Some county-level quality inspection bureaus have only one full-time person engaged in food safety management, not to mention the inspection system. In particular, it is more difficult for food and drug supervision and management departments to carry out their work. Since the implementation of the Food Safety Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the catering supervision function originally implemented by the health department has been adjusted to the food and drug supervision and management department, and most of them are not equipped with full-time food safety management personnel. However, after the function adjustment, the corresponding institutions and personnel are not increased, nor are they equipped with the most basic food poisoning monitoring facilities and equipment, even law enforcement equipment and vehicles. Take Xunyang County Food and Drug Administration as an example. According to the requirements, 20 people should be equipped for the daily supervision of food safety. In reality, there are only six people who are also engaged in the daily supervision of drugs. There is no basic food poisoning detection equipment and no law enforcement vehicles. These practical problems directly affect the quality of daily supervision, the level of law enforcement can not keep pace with the times, law enforcement supervision can not be fully in place, and even there is a regulatory gap in the jurisdiction.

4. Consumers' lack of food safety knowledge may also cause food safety problems. First of all, consumers lack common sense to buy safe food. Due to the low income level, insufficient consumption power and lack of corresponding common sense, many consumers in our country are indifferent to safety awareness when buying food, and often only want to be cheap, regardless of the quality and safety of food. There are also some consumers who always take chances when buying cheap food, special food and food without quality guarantee, thinking that everyone is buying, and others have not had any problems after eating these cheap foods for many years, but now they will be fine if they eat them again. Under the support of consumers' psychology, it opens a channel for the sale of problem food. Secondly, many consumers lack the common sense of eating food scientifically, which may lead to some diseases and even food poisoning.

5. Food safety propaganda is not in place and social participation is not extensive enough. With the continuous development of society, people's demand for food is gradually diversified. Reasonable diet and healthy diet have become a hot topic in people's streets and lanes. But little is known about how to eat and drink. At present, the propaganda of food safety may be less, and the propaganda of various functional departments is mostly a mere formality, and there is no normalized long-term planning.

Four. Countermeasures to strengthen food safety supervision

1, organically combine solving the key and difficult problems of food safety with building a long-term mechanism for food safety guarantee. Food safety is a major livelihood issue, which is related to people's health and life safety and social harmony and stability. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is not only reflected in economic indicators and happiness indexes, but more importantly, in people's living, health and safety environment. On June 23rd this year, the State Council issued "the State Council's Decision on Strengthening Food Safety", which clearly stated that centralized management and rectification should be institutionalized and long-term, and should be carried out unswervingly and unremittingly as an important work of food safety in the future. After unremitting efforts, in about three years, food safety rectification has achieved remarkable results, illegal and criminal acts have been effectively curbed, and outstanding problems have been effectively solved; In about five years, China's food safety supervision system, laws, regulations, standards and inspection and testing system will be more scientific and perfect, the management level and integrity awareness of producers and operators will be further improved, the work pattern with extensive participation from all walks of life will basically take shape, and the overall level of food safety will be greatly improved.

Most provincial and municipal governments have also put forward opinions on the implementation of special rectification of food safety, hoping that the state will have an overall long-term guidance on the development of food industry and food safety. Establish a food safety responsibility system, and the responsibility is in place. Food safety responsibility system is an integral part of post responsibility system, the most basic safety system and the harmony of food safety management system. Only by clearly defining the division of labor, carrying out their duties, keeping the soil responsible, and coordinating and unifying food safety work from the organizational leadership, can we achieve full-staff, all-round and whole-process safety management and ensure food safety.

2, strengthen the supervision of the source of food raw materials, effectively prevent pollution of agricultural products. Adhere to the general requirements of "combining unified coordination with division of responsibilities, combining centralized governance with strict daily supervision, strengthening government supervision with the implementation of corporate responsibility, and combining law enforcement supervision with social supervision". Advocate large-scale planting, determine the macro-planning of planting and breeding structure according to local characteristics, organically organize the production of advantageous agricultural products in various regions, and give appropriate policy concessions and public opinion-oriented support. Vigorously improve agricultural technology extension institutions, guide agricultural producers to plant and breed scientifically, and continue to promote the national "pollution-free food action plan." Supervise the whole process, from plant fertilizer and animal feed to factory sales inspection, implement comprehensive monitoring, and establish a unified and standardized agricultural product quality and safety standard system.

3. Strengthen the management of food production enterprises. Implementing the main responsibility of food producers and operators is the cornerstone of food safety. Food producers and operators are the first responsible persons for food safety. Every food producer and operator is law-abiding, honest and self-disciplined, and food safety has a foundation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and law enforcement, and strictly implement the main responsibility of producers and operators, so that enterprises should be honest and the industry should be self-disciplined. Food production is the key link of food safety supervision, and most food safety incidents occur in food production. Optimize the product structure, encourage the production of famous and famous products, support large-scale and intensive food enterprise groups, strictly control the access of enterprises, strengthen the whole process quality management, implement quantitative and hierarchical management, and implement systematic quality management, and take this as a "one-vote veto system" for market safety access, resolutely ban processing enterprises that do not have food safety production conditions, and make food processing small.

4. Strengthen supervision and punishment in the field of food circulation. Expand supervision, especially strengthen food safety supervision of food wholesale enterprises, small shops, small food stores and mobile vendors. Food safety is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The government should unify the organization, fully implement the market inspection system, strictly implement the delisting system for unqualified foods, strengthen the management of food safety labeling and packaging, strictly control the production and use of food additives, organize the research and production of high-efficiency and low-toxic food additives, and resolutely plug the regulatory loopholes in the field of food circulation.

5. Strengthen the supervision of catering services. Vigorously expand the development of catering service tertiary industry, strict access, effective supervision. In particular, it is necessary to seize the supervision of high-risk units such as school canteens to ensure that food safety mass incidents do not occur. Strengthen the daily supervision of small and medium-sized catering units, vigorously promote the quantitative and hierarchical management of food safety, and guide consumers to consume safely. Improve the emergency system of food safety accidents, effectively prevent the occurrence of food safety accidents, and scientifically respond to food safety accidents.

6, severely investigate and deal with food safety violations. Adhere to severe punishment to control chaos, always maintain the trend of cracking down on high pressure, and make severe punishment the normal state of food safety governance. Relevant departments should fully understand the harmfulness of illegal food safety activities and the strong wishes of the people, adhere to the word "strict" in all kinds of illegal and criminal acts, and crack down relentlessly. Further strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, promptly transfer suspected criminal cases, and actively cooperate with judicial organs to investigate and collect evidence. It is strictly forbidden to punish and release criminals, so as to ensure that the criminal responsibility of criminals is properly investigated. It is necessary to severely punish food safety crimes, effectively solve the problem of "low illegal cost", make criminals pay a high price, and fundamentally reverse the trend of frequent food safety crimes.

7. Effectively accelerate the construction of a "networked food safety comprehensive function management platform" to realize the procedural, informational and intelligent food chain supervision. Compared with "subsection supervision", "whole food chain supervision" mode needs more standardized procedure operation, more complicated information management and more scientific and intelligent supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to build a "networked food safety comprehensive function management platform". In terms of functional positioning, the grid management of food safety management with full subject, full time and whole society is implemented by establishing functional carriers such as information management, risk assessment, screening and early warning, government management decision-making, departmental (daily) supervision, internal management of enterprises and public services, which provides strong technical support for promoting the leap-forward development of food safety management level in China.

References:

① On June 23rd, 2065438+02, the State Council issued the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Food Safety (Guo Fa [2065438+02] No.20).

② Suggestions on strengthening food safety management in China. About the author: Member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Vice Mayor of Wang Xiulin.

(3) China Journal Network. Analysis and countermeasures of food safety in China. Author: Zhu Xinzhi.