What enlightenment does the ecological wisdom contained in Chinese civilization have on the construction of ecological civilization in contemporary China?

On Environmental Protection and Science and Technology

First, beyond the traditional industrial technology.

One of the characteristics that distinguishes human beings from other animals is that they can create and use tools, and they can also use special words to explain nature. In other words, human beings have more scientific and technological capabilities than other animals. With this ability, human beings can create something that does not exist in nature-human civilization.

Science and technology are constantly developing, so is human civilization. Ten thousand years ago, under the pressure of population and resources, human beings transformed from fishing and hunting civilization to traditional farming civilization. Traditional farming civilization has gone through two stages. The first stage was the Bronze Age, and the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty in China belonged to the Bronze Age. The second stage is the Black Iron Age, which belongs to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. With the popularization of iron smelting and casting technology, traditional ideology and social system began to collapse because they could not meet the requirements of new productive forces. Until the Qin Dynasty unified China in 22 1 BC, a Chinese civilization of "iron farm tools+small-scale peasant economy+imperial bureaucracy+Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism" was formed. Although there have been various natural disasters and wars in farming civilization in the past 10,000 years, human beings are generally stable and safe because the mainstream of science and technology at that time complied with the laws of nature. Traditional farming civilization has limited ability to use natural resources and has a strong dependence on nature. They are afraid of nature. Four thousand years ago, in the Xia Dynasty in China, it was forbidden to cut down trees in spring, fish in summer, kill young animals and take birds' eggs. Three thousand years ago, according to the climate season, the Zhou Dynasty strictly stipulated the time for hunting, catching birds, fishing, cutting down trees and burning wasteland. Two thousand years ago, in the Qin Dynasty, it was forbidden to collect newly sprouted plants in spring, to catch young wild animals and to poison fish and turtles. Throughout the history of China, there are clear laws and regulations on environmental protection. Farmers in China have known the truth of "taking from the ground and using it for the ground". The orange stalks produced by the land and the excrement after consuming food are returned to the land as farmyard manure, which keeps the recycling of land energy. The cultivated land in China has not been degraded for thousands of years. Farmers cutting firewood in the mountains is also controlled within a limited range, so that the fuel around the village can be used permanently. China's population expansion has also brought periodic wars, and periodic wars have compressed the population back to the boundaries of natural resources. Any scientific and technological system in the world should be limited to a certain range of resources to support a specific population and civilization. The science and technology of China's traditional farming civilization has never gone beyond the scope of human, animal and iron farm tools. People consciously arrange their production and life according to the total amount of cultivated land, forest and grass and water resources. Due to the formation of a unique, self-regulating and sustainable survival wisdom, the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization have continued to this day.

The scientific and technological revolution represented by Newtonian mechanics, spinning machine and steam engine in modern western countries made mankind break away from agricultural civilization and quickly rush to traditional industrial civilization. Compared with traditional farming civilization, traditional industrial civilization has developed more mineral resources through brand-new scientific and technological means, intensively utilized more land and forests, brought about the expansion of human wealth and population, and formed a society with the fundamental orientation of expanding material consumption. The total energy consumed in the past 100 years alone far exceeds the sum of thousands of years of human consumption. The extensive development of traditional industrial civilization, large-scale production, large-scale consumption and the infinite spread of production and lifestyle have finally forced out the global ecological crisis. At last, mankind deeply felt the limitation of the earth's resources and environment. The so-called modernization process is the process of transforming natural resources into usable wealth, and the so-called modern society is a society with high per capita resource consumption and large sewage discharge. Due to the increase of population, the cross-flow of material desires and the development of industry and commerce, the per capita consumption of resources has soared. Take water as an example. The water consumption per person per day was 12 liters in BC, about 20-40 liters in the Middle Ages, and increased to 60 liters in the18th century. At present, the water consumption per person per day in developed countries is 500-600 liters. According to statistics, for every $ kloc-0/00 income, industrialized countries need about 300 kilograms of natural resources, and the per capita needs 45,000-85,000 kilograms of natural resources every year. If China wants to reach the per capita consumption level of industrialized countries, for example, 65.438+0.3 billion people in China have replaced their bicycles with cars, it will not consume 5.46 million barrels of oil every day in 2003, but 8.65438+0.00 million barrels of oil every day, far exceeding the current total oil consumption in the world. Are there so many resources on the earth for us to consume? Do we have the ability to harmlessly treat a large number of pollutants generated from it?

In recent years, the rapid growth of China's economy is due to the comprehensive inheritance of the western traditional industrial development model and the excessive consumption of local energy in China. During the period of 1990-200 1, China's oil consumption increased by 100% (from1180,000 tons to 235 million tons), and natural gas increased by 92% (from1/kloc-). Steel increased 143% (from 67 million tons to1630,000 tons), copper increased 189% (from 729,000 tons to 210/000 tons), and aluminum increased by 380% (from 729,000 tons) While people are excited about the rapid economic growth in China, they often forget the resource consumption, garbage piles, environmental pollution and ecological destruction behind these achievements. All success in the world comes at a price. It has been calculated that according to the current level of science and technology, China's modernization needs 12 earth resources to support it. If there is only one earth, we must eat it all to realize modernization. The reason is clear. However, China is vast and sparsely populated, and resources are scarce. However, the traditional outdated industrial technology just points to the scarcity and pollution of resources, which is unsustainable. Whoever continues to follow the road of traditional industrial civilization will embark on the road of unsustainable development. Therefore, we must explore new and sustainable ways of ecological science and technology.

Second, move towards new ecological technologies.

Under the pressure of global resources and environment, developed countries have been fully developing new energy and circular economy. I once said in the article "Sustainable Development and Civilization Transformation" that the development of new energy (clean and rich energy such as hydrogen energy, solar energy and wind energy) and the development of circular economy (resource recycling, zero waste and zero emission) in developed countries are pushing human civilization to a new stage of transformation. Whoever succeeds in the earliest transformation will be the master of the future. The key to the transformation is to explore the "ecological technology road". New energy and circular economy are the core of ecological science and technology.

According to the existing energy structure, fossil fuels in industrial economy, such as oil, coal and natural gas, cannot be recycled, and disappear after burning. Moreover, the reserves of oil and natural gas are only enough for human beings to use for another 40-50 years. All countries in the world attach great importance to this. While Iraq is fighting to ensure oil security, the United States is making every effort to develop new energy sources. At the beginning of this year, US President Bush said in his State of the Union address: "I propose to allocate $654.38+0.2 billion as research funding, so that the United States can lead the world in manufacturing pollution-free hydrogen-powered vehicles ... Our scientists and engineers are working hard to overcome obstacles and make such vehicles enter the exhibition room from the laboratory as soon as possible. The baby born today will be the first person to drive pollution-free hydrogen-powered vehicles in the future. Please join me in this important innovation to make our air cleaner and reduce our country's dependence on energy from other countries. " Bush called for replacing oil imports with new energy sources in 2040. Why ask for 2040? Because the world's remaining recoverable oil reserves are only1more than 40 billion tons, according to the current output, the static guarantee period is exactly 40 years. If no new large oil fields are discovered, by 2040, there will be no oil in the world to supply the United States. As we all know, the population of the United States accounts for only 5% of the world, but it consumes 30% of the world's total energy. However, the United States is still full of worries about its own energy future and vigorously develops new energy sources, which is really thought-provoking. 1980, the first solar-powered plane in the United States went into the sky. From 65438 to 0995, the US government awarded the "Green Chemistry Challenge Award" to encourage green technology inventors. In 2002, American 10 solar cars started silently. In the past four years, solar energy and wind energy have continued to grow at a rate of 40%. Wind power generation is the fastest growing energy source in the world, which increased sixfold from 1995 to 2002, from 4800 MW to 3 1 100 MW. At present, the global total power generation of wind turbines can meet the household needs of 40 million Europeans.

From the perspective of circular economy, some resources in industrial economy will not disappear during use, such as iron, copper and aluminum. Such resources can only be solved by developing circular economy, so that they can be recycled forever. For hundreds of years, the traditional industrial development model of mass production, mass consumption and mass abandonment has been the simplest and most effective way to achieve economic growth. Since 1980s and 1990s, with the deterioration of the world environment, the development of environmental movements and the gradual increase of resource costs, some enterprises have been forced to pursue an economic development model based on clean production and comprehensive utilization of waste. All kinds of wastes produced in production and life can be treated and then re-enter the production process in the form of resources. This is the circular economy. Denmark has banned coal-fired energy plants and disposable beverage production lines, and 32% of traffic in the capital Copenhagen uses bicycles. Japan's "Household Appliances Recycling Law" has turned millions of old household appliances into treasure; The Automobile Recycling Act turned millions of tons of used cars into valuables; The building recycling method turns tens of millions of tons of construction site garbage into treasure. Japan also plans to reduce the landfill volume from the current 74 million tons/year to 37 million tons/year by 20 10, and to 3.7 million tons/year by 2050, and finally achieve the goal of "zero garbage".

At the same time, we have noticed that in developed countries such as Europe and America, breakthroughs have been made in technologies such as new energy and circular economy. Why has it not been fully popularized so far? This is due to the obstruction of traditional energy and industrial groups, and western political parties are strongly restricted. Once new energy and circular economy technology are popularized, it will bring great impact to the original interest pattern. Ironically, the major oil companies that control the global oil trade, although most keen on developing hydrogen energy and solar energy, have blocked these scientific research achievements in their own laboratories for their existing interests and restricted their transfer, especially to developing countries, in the name of intellectual property rights. They should not only make use of the existing oil interest pattern, but also "prepare for the rainy day" for the arrival of the oil exhaustion era. Before the last drop of oil is used up, it will be difficult to truly popularize new energy technologies. Of course, due to the scale limitation, the cost of new energy and circular economy technology products is also high, which is another reason why popularization is blocked. Therefore, the popularization of new energy and circular economy is not a technical issue, but a system and interest issue. On the other hand, it's not a big problem for other countries to develop new energy sources one day earlier and circular economy one day later, except China. Because China's population, resources and environmental capacity have reached the supporting limit, the concept of sustainable development and the use of new energy have become the only feasible way. No matter how high the price, no matter how high the price, we will all go.

It is the superiority of the socialist system to concentrate resources to do great things. What is the long-term fundamental interests of the Chinese nation must be clearly understood. Faced with the imminent pressure of energy and environment, we can save money for the next big event by doing less image projects that waste people and money, building fewer dams that are not good for the ecology, building fewer luxury office buildings with complaints, and investing less in industrial projects with high energy consumption and high pollution (such as oil cars). We should give full play to the government's green guidance and control ability, break the monopoly interests of some power departments and enterprises, invest government finances in new energy development and circular economy on a large scale, and encourage new energy development and circular economy with a series of preferential policies of the government. In the United States, the federal tax can be reduced by $2,000 for every car that uses new energy; In Denmark, a strong tax policy encourages people to use wind power to generate electricity. This is a reference sample of green tax and green loan in China in the future. The use of new energy technology, although the short-term cost is huge, will have an advantage in the long run. The government should actively support those enterprises that are at the forefront of eco-technology, so that they will gradually become the mainstream of enterprises in China, because the main body of eco-technology is enterprises. The government should also make rapid progress on those urgent ecological science and technology issues, such as green national economic accounting technology system, pollution prevention technology to protect human health, restoration technology of large-scale ecological degradation, and comprehensive technology of regional pollution control, such as ecological monitoring and early warning technology system. The government should pay more attention to the management of public affairs while doing a good job in economic construction; While doing a good job in the management of public affairs, we should also grasp some major events that are related to the future rise and fall of the country and the nation. These major events are unprofitable for the time being, but they are related to the national economy and people's livelihood and are the real obligations of the government.

China was originally a latecomer of traditional industrial civilization. If you are late, you will be beaten. During the period from 1840 to 1949, China was bullied by the great powers, and its interior was in chaos. Now, we can't fall behind again on the road of eco-industrial civilization, otherwise the tragic history of broadsword against cannon will repeat itself. Imagine if others use solar-powered planes and hydrogen-powered cars, while our planes and cars still use oil that consumes and pollutes the environment. How can such national strength compare with others? If the developed countries make a fundamental breakthrough in energy structure and circular economy technology and decide to abandon the old industrial economy technology and turn to a new ecological economy technology, then all the economic achievements we have made over the years at a very high environmental cost will become a joke. Some people call traditional industrial civilization "civilization from cradle to grave", because traditional industrial civilization has turned the cradle of life into the grave of life. Some people call the emerging eco-industrial civilization "from the grave to the cradle" because it abandons the scientific and technological form against nature and adopts the scientific and technological form in harmony with nature, thus opening a richer and more harmonious era. A certain scientific and technological system points to a certain range of resources. Traditional industrial civilization technology points to scarce, polluted and unsustainable resources, while eco-industrial civilization technology points to rich, clean and sustainable resources. Around the development of circular economy and new energy, we should construct new ethics, new system and new culture in China, and make China's mode of production, lifestyle and social management more and more ecological. This is the truly sustainable modernization of China in the future. In order to be responsible for the Chinese nation, for human beings, for environmental protection and sustainable development, human science and technology must go beyond the traditional scientific and technological model of industrial civilization, and human science and technology must develop the scientific and technological model of ecological industrial civilization. This is a common cause and an arduous cause that our generation has to undertake.

Respondent: w 4 136- assistant level 2 1-2 16:34.

Protect the ecological environment and create a green campus

Tangxiaoxue Xu

Environmental protection is a basic national policy of our country, and children's environmental awareness is related to the future of mankind. It is our educators' unshirkable responsibility to help them establish the concept of sustainable development from an early age.

2 1 century, in order to make a new improvement in environmental education and make due contributions to environmental education, the school decided to put pressure on itself and create a green campus. On June 5438+ 10, 2003, a leading group for creating a green school was established, headed by the principal, and a green school creation plan was formulated, and an environmental protection supervisor was appointed to implement the creation plan. Carefully organize teachers and students to carry out studies and activities related to environmental education, and carefully collect, sort out and save materials to achieve the "Xuzhou Green School Evaluation Standard".

Cultivating children's natural awareness, cherishing resources, being kind to the earth's environmental awareness and moral behavior, and helping them to establish the concept of sustainable development from an early age are our purpose of creating a green school. Protecting the ecological environment and building a green campus are our green behaviors.

First, create a good educational environment.

Based on the concept of "education is everywhere", we should take advantage of the good opportunity of spring to adjust the layout of flowers and trees, do a good job in greening and beautifying schools, create a cultural atmosphere, let students know that flowers and trees have the characteristics of eliminating and resisting pollution, and enhance the consciousness of independent learning. Make propaganda slogans to standardize the green behavior of teachers and students. Strictly implement the inspection and supervision system, do a good job in environmental protection, create a beautiful and fresh campus environment, and form an environmental education atmosphere.

Second, do a good job in environmental protection training.

In order to make teachers master environmental protection knowledge, improve their professional ability and educate students more effectively, school leaders organize teachers to carry out environmental education, study and activities. Continuously improve teachers' theoretical level and environmental education ability. The school subscribes to four kinds of newspapers and periodicals about the environment to provide learning materials for teachers and students. It is beneficial for teachers to do a good job in environmental education.

Third, do a good job in environmental education.

Through the school bulletin board, class blackboard newspaper, broadcast language, speech under the national flag, class team meeting, parent-teacher meeting, etc. To carry out publicity and education for all teachers and students, parents of students and society, so that green education can take root, blossom and bear fruit in families and communities.

Fourth, do a good job in in-class education.

1. Infiltration education is carried out in all subjects seriously, and environmental protection education is embedded in teaching. Teachers can focus on the environmental protection materials in textbooks and do a good job in environmental education in combination with real life.

2. Do a good job in environmental education. The school arranges environmental education courses every Tuesday morning. Teachers can do three things: teaching materials, planning, preparing lessons and assessing. Do a good job in every environmental education class, so that students can master environmental knowledge and enhance environmental awareness.

3. Make full use of the Environmental Protection Day to educate all teachers and students on environmental protection through speeches under the national flag. Each class is required to carry out environmental education topics or infiltration education at least twice each semester.

4, seriously carry out environmental education and teaching research. Every semester, teachers of all grades who teach thinking, nature, society, environmental education and labor earnestly carry out the "Three Ones" activities, write lesson plans, participate in environmental education seminars, sum up experience, learn from each other's strong points, and constantly improve their own environmental education level.

Five, seriously organize extracurricular practical activities.

1. Each class has set up an environmental protection team with corresponding activities and tutors, so that they can do environmental protection activities regularly.

2. Seriously organize students to participate in the work of greening, beautifying and purifying the campus. Actively carry out "building a green world" activities. Regularly carry out greening and weeding, digging soil, flood control and drought relief, pruning flowers and trees and other greening protection activities. In the aspect of purifying the campus, teachers and students carry out the activity of "no garbage around", clear away the dead corner of hygiene in time, and achieve three things around them: no scraps of paper, no peel and no packaging.

3, seriously organize students to participate in community environmental protection publicity, investigation and supervision activities.

(1), organize students to put up posters in nearby streets and villages to advocate green behavior.

(2) Organize students to investigate the river water quality in their hometown, find out the pollution sources and write the investigation report.

4. Seriously organize students to carry out special education activities.

Make full use of major environmental protection festivals to carry out various activities, educate teachers and students on the environment, and cultivate teachers and students' sense of honor, responsibility and mission in protecting the ecological environment.

(1), March 12, Arbor Day. Every year, teachers and students should be organized to plant trees and adjust the layout of flowers and trees. And carry out activities such as "I grow up with Xiaoshu, add new green to my hometown" and "save pocket money and make contributions to environmental protection".

(2) April 22nd, Earth Day. The Young Pioneers held a group meeting on the theme of "Love Our Mother Earth" and preached the educational activities of "Only One Earth" to all teachers and students, which further helped teachers and students to establish environmental awareness.

(3) June 5th, Environment Day. Young Pioneers carry out special activities to protect the environment, and preach to all teachers and students that environmental protection is a basic national policy in China, so that teachers and students can further understand the importance and urgency of environmental protection.

(4) On September 1 1-2 1, a series of activities were launched to make students more aware of environmental protection.

5. Carry out garbage sorting treatment.

Carry out waste battery recycling activities to reduce pollution, turn waste into treasure and save resources.

6. Collect information and collate data.

Organize teachers and students to consult newspapers, collect information, understand environmental protection information, master environmental protection knowledge, and make tabloids to publicize to the society.

Environmental protection is a long-term and profound matter, and it is the eternal theme of school environmental education. We will unremittingly do a good job in environmental education. We aim at "educating every child, influencing every family and driving the whole society" and make due contributions to the sustainable development of society and environment.

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