Kneel for "On Ten Major Relationships"

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In recent months, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has listened to the work reports of 34 central departments, including industry, agriculture, transportation, commerce and finance, from which he has seen some problems related to socialist construction and transformation. Taken together, a * * * has ten problems, that is, ten relationships.

These ten questions are raised around a basic principle, that is, to mobilize all positive factors at home and abroad to serve the socialist cause. In the past, in order to end the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism and win the people's democratic revolution, we adopted the policy of mobilizing all positive factors. Now, in order to carry out the socialist revolution and build a socialist country, this policy is also implemented. However, there are still some problems in our work that need to be discussed. It is particularly noteworthy that the Soviet Union has recently exposed some shortcomings and mistakes in the process of building socialism. Do you still want to take the detour they have taken? In the past, it was because of their experience and lessons that we avoided some detours. Now, of course, we should take a warning.

what are the positive factors at home and abroad? At home, workers and peasants are the basic forces. The middle forces are forces that can be won over. Although the reactionary forces are a negative factor, we still have to do a good job and try our best to turn negative factors into positive ones. Internationally, all forces that can be United should be United, those that are not neutral can strive for neutrality, and those that are reactionary can also be divided and utilized. In a word, we should mobilize all direct and indirect forces and strive to build our country into a powerful socialist country.

let me talk about ten questions.

the relationship between heavy industry, light industry and agriculture

heavy industry is the focus of China's construction. It has been decided that priority must be given to the development of the means of production. But we must not neglect the means of subsistence, especially the production of grain. If we don't have enough food and other necessities, we can't feed workers in the first place, let alone develop heavy industry. Therefore, the relationship between heavy industry, light industry and agriculture must be properly handled.

in dealing with the relationship between heavy industry, light industry and agriculture, we have not made any mistakes in principle. We have done better than the Soviet Union and some eastern European countries. For example, the problem that the grain output of the Soviet Union has not reached the highest level before the revolution for a long time, and the serious problems caused by the unbalanced development of light and heavy industries in some eastern European countries, do not exist here. They pay one-sided attention to heavy industry and neglect agriculture and light industry, so there are not enough goods in the market and the currency is unstable. We pay more attention to agricultural light industry. We have been grasping and developing agriculture, and have ensured the grain and raw materials needed for industrial development to a considerable extent. Our daily necessities for people's livelihood are abundant, and prices and currencies are stable.

our problem now is to properly adjust the investment ratio of heavy industry, agriculture and light industry, and develop agriculture and light industry more. In this way, is heavy industry no longer the mainstay? It is still the mainstay and the focus of investment. However, the proportion of investment in agriculture and light industry should be increased.

what is the result of aggravation? As a result of the aggravation, on the one hand, it can better meet the needs of people's lives, and on the other hand, it can increase the accumulation of funds more quickly, so it can develop heavy industry more and better. Heavy industry can also be accumulated, but under our existing economic conditions, light industry and agriculture can accumulate more and faster.

Here comes a question. Do you really want to develop heavy industry or are you imaginary? Do you want it more seriously or less? If you are imagining things, or thinking a little worse, then crack down on agricultural light industry and invest less in them. If you really want it, or think it badly, then you should pay attention to agricultural light industry, make more food and light industry raw materials, accumulate more, and invest more money in heavy industry in the future.

there are two ways for us to develop heavy industry now, one is to develop less agricultural light industry, and the other is to develop more agricultural light industry. In the long run, the former method will make the development of heavy industry less and slower, at least the foundation is not so solid, and it is not worthwhile to calculate the general ledger after several decades. The latter method will make heavy industry develop more and faster, and because it guarantees the needs of people's lives, it will make its development foundation more stable.

the relationship between coastal industries and inland industries

China's industries used to be concentrated in the coastal areas. The so-called coastal areas refer to Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, eastern Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. About 7% of all light and heavy industries in China are located along the coast, and only 3% are located in the mainland. This is an unreasonable situation formed in history. Coastal industrial bases must be fully utilized, but in order to balance the layout of industrial development, mainland industries must be vigorously developed. We haven't made a big mistake on the relationship between the two, but in recent years, we have underestimated the coastal industry and paid less attention to its development. This needs to be changed.

In the past, North Korea was still at war, and the international situation was still very tense, which could not but affect our views on coastal industries. Now, it is estimated that a new war of aggression against China and a new world war will not break out in a short period of time, and there may be a peaceful period of ten years or more. In this way, it would be wrong if the equipment capacity and technical strength of coastal industries are not fully utilized. Not to mention ten years, even five years, we should also do a good job in the coastal industry for four years, and wait until the fifth year to fight before moving. Judging from the existing materials, the construction and accumulation of light industrial factories are generally very fast. After all the factories are put into operation, within four years, in addition to recovering the investment of the factory, three factories, two factories, one factory and at least half a factory can be earned back. Why not do such a good thing? It is not true to think that the atomic bomb is already on our heads and will fall in a few seconds, so it is wrong to take a negative attitude towards coastal industries.

this does not mean that all the new factories are built along the coast. There is no doubt that most of the new industries should be located in the mainland, so as to gradually balance the industrial layout and help prepare for war. But some new factories and mines can also be established along the coast, and some can also be large. As for the expansion and reconstruction of the original light and heavy industries along the coast, some have been done in the past and will be greatly developed in the future.

making good use of and developing the old industrial base in the coastal areas will give us more strength to develop and support industries in the mainland. If we take a negative attitude, it will hinder the rapid development of mainland industries. Therefore, this is also a question of whether it is true or imaginary to develop mainland industries. If it is true, not imaginary, we must make more use of and develop coastal industries, especially light industry.

the relationship between economic construction and national defense construction

national defense is indispensable. Now, we have a certain national defense force. After the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea and several years of training and consolidation, our army has been strengthened, bigger than the Soviet Red Army before the Second World War, and its equipment has been improved. Our national defense industry is being established. Since Pangu started the world, we didn't know how to build airplanes and cars, but now we can build them.

we don't have an atomic bomb yet. However, in the past, we didn't have planes or cannons. We defeated Japanese imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek with millet and rifles. We are stronger now than before, and we will be stronger in the future, not only with more planes and cannons, but also with atomic bombs. In today's world, we can't live without this thing if we are not bullied by others. What should we do? The reliable way is to reduce the military and political expenses to an appropriate proportion and increase the economic construction expenses. Only when economic construction develops faster can national defense construction make greater progress.

In 195, at the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we raised the issue of streamlining state institutions and reducing military and political expenses, which was considered as one of the three conditions for striving for a fundamental improvement in China's financial and economic situation. During the first five-year plan period, military and political expenditures accounted for 3% of the total expenditure of the state budget. This proportion is too large. During the second five-year plan period, it should be reduced to about 2%, so as to draw more funds, open more factories and build more machines. After a period of time, we will not only have many planes and cannons, but also have our own atomic bombs.

There is also a question here. Do you really want the atomic bomb, do you really want it, or do you only think about it a little, but don't think about it very much? If you really want it and want it very much, you should reduce the proportion of military and political expenses and do more economic construction. You don't really want it, you really want it, so you still follow the old rules. This is a question of strategic policy, which I hope the CMC will discuss.

now let's lay off all the soldiers, ok? that's not good. Because there are still enemies, we are still bullied and surrounded by them! We must strengthen national defense, so we must first strengthen economic construction.

the relationship between the state, production units and individual producers

the relationship between the state and factories and cooperatives, and the relationship between factories, cooperatives and individual producers should be properly handled. For this reason, we can't just focus on one end, we must take into account the three aspects of the country, the collective and the individual, that is, we used to say "taking care of the military and the people" and "taking care of the public and private". In view of the experience of the Soviet Union and ourselves, we must solve this problem better in the future.

Take workers as an example. With the improvement of their labor productivity, their working conditions and collective welfare need to be gradually improved. We have always advocated hard work and opposed putting personal material interests above everything else. At the same time, we have always advocated caring for people's lives and opposed bureaucracy that does not care about the people's pain. With the development of the whole national economy, wages also need to be adjusted appropriately. With regard to industry and trade, it has recently been decided to increase some, mainly below and on workers, in order to narrow the gap between the upper and lower sides. Our wages are generally not high, but because more people are employed, prices are low and stable, and other conditions, the life of workers has been greatly improved. Under the proletarian regime, workers' political consciousness and labor enthusiasm have always been high. At the end of last year, the Central Committee called for anti-Rightist conservatism, and the workers enthusiastically supported it. They fought for three months and exceeded the plan for the first quarter of this year as an exception. We need to vigorously carry forward their spirit of hard struggle and pay more attention to solving their urgent problems in work and life.

Let me also talk about the independence of the factory under the unified leadership. I'm afraid it's not right to concentrate everything in the central government or provinces and cities without giving factories a little power, a little room for manoeuvre and a little profit. We don't have much experience and need to study how big the rights and interests of the central government, provinces and cities and factories should be. In principle, unity and independence are the unity of opposites. There should be unity and independence. For example, we have a unified meeting now. After the meeting, some people walk, some people read and some people eat, which means independence. If we don't give everyone independence after the meeting and keep the meeting going endlessly, won't everyone die? This is true for individuals, as well as for factories and other production units. Each production unit must have an independence associated with unity, which will make it more lively.

talk about farmers again. Our relationship with farmers has always been good, but we made a mistake on the grain issue. In 1954, some areas of our country lost production due to floods, but we bought 7 billion Jin more grain. As a result, almost everyone talked about grain and households talked about unified marketing in many places last spring. Farmers have opinions, and there are also many opinions inside and outside the party. Although many people deliberately exaggerate and seize the opportunity to attack, it cannot be said that we have no shortcomings. The investigation was not enough, I couldn't figure out the bottom, and I bought 7 billion Jin more. This is the shortcoming. We discovered the shortcomings. In 1955, we bought seven billion Jin less, and set up a "three-fixed" policy, that is, fixed production, ordered sales, and a bumper harvest, which made farmers have more than 2 billion Jin of grain in their hands. In this way, farmers who had opinions in the past also said that "the * * * production party is really good". This lesson must be remembered by the whole party.

The Soviet Union's method made the peasants dig very hard. They take so-called compulsory sales system and other measures, taking away too much of what farmers produce and paying a very low price. Their accumulation of funds in this way has greatly damaged farmers' enthusiasm for production. You want the hen to lay more eggs, but you don't give it rice to eat. You want the horse to run well and the horse not to eat grass. How can there be such a truth in the world?

Our policy towards farmers is not that of the Soviet Union, but gives consideration to the interests of the country and farmers. Our agricultural tax has always been relatively light. In the exchange of industrial and agricultural products, we adopt the policy of narrowing the scissors gap, equivalent exchange or almost equivalent exchange. We buy agricultural products at normal prices, and farmers do not suffer, and the price of the purchase has gradually increased. In supplying industrial products to farmers, we adopt the policy of small profits but quick turnover, stabilizing prices or appropriately reducing prices, and generally provide some subsidies to farmers in grain-deficient areas. But that's it. If you are careless, you will still make one mistake or another. In view of the serious mistakes made by the Soviet Union on this issue, we must pay more attention to handling the relationship between the state and the peasants.

the relationship between cooperatives and farmers should also be properly handled. In the income of cooperatives, how much the state takes, how much the cooperatives take, how much the farmers take, and how to take it should be properly stipulated. What the cooperatives take is directly for the farmers. Needless to say, the production cost and management fee are also necessary. The provident fund is for expanding reproduction, and the public welfare fund is for the welfare of farmers. However, we should work out a reasonable proportion with the farmers about how much each of these items accounts for. Production costs and management fees should be saved. The provident fund public welfare fund should also be controlled, and we can't hope to finish all the good things in one year.

in addition to the catastrophic natural disasters, we must strive for an increase in the annual income of 9% of the members over the previous year on the basis of increasing agricultural production, and the income of 1% of the members will not increase or decrease. If there is a decrease, we must find ways to solve it as soon as possible.

in a word, the state and factories, the state and workers, factories and workers, the state and cooperatives, the state and farmers, cooperatives and farmers must all take into account, not just one. No matter which side you only care about, it is not conducive to socialism and the dictatorship of the proletariat. This is a big problem that concerns 6 million people, and it must be repeatedly educated among the whole party and the people of the whole country.

the relationship between the central and local governments

The relationship between the central and local governments is also a contradiction. To solve this contradiction, what we should pay attention to at present is that under the premise of consolidating the unified leadership of the central government, we should expand the power of local governments, give them more independence and let them do more things. This is more beneficial for us to build a strong socialist country. Our country is so big, its population is so large, and the situation is so complicated. It is much better to have both central and local enthusiasm than to have only one enthusiasm. We can't concentrate everything on the central government like the Soviet Union, and we have no right to maneuver at all.

the central government should develop industry, and local governments should also develop industry. Even the industries directly under the central government still rely on local assistance. As for agriculture and commerce, we need to rely more on local governments. In a word, to develop socialist construction, we must give full play to local enthusiasm. If the central government wants to consolidate, it must pay attention to local interests.

Now dozens of hands are stuck in places, making local affairs difficult. If a Ministry is established, it will be revolutionary, and it will be revolutionary.