Dragon Boat Festival blackboard poster text material

1. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard poster text material: The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival

It is said that the customs of eating rice dumplings and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival are to commemorate the great poet Qu Yuan in our country's history. It is precisely because of this that the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" after liberation.

Qu Ping (about 339 BC to about 278 BC), also known as Qu Yuan, also known as Zhengze, also named Lingjun, Han nationality, was born in Danyang, Chu State (now Zigui, Hubei Province) at the end of the Warring States Period. ) people, descendants of Qu Xia, son of Xiong Tong, King of Chu Wu. Although Qu Yuan was loyal to King Huai of Chu, he was repeatedly ostracized. After King Huai's death, he was exiled because King Qingxiang believed in slander and eventually threw himself into the Miluo River and died.

Qu Yuan is one of China's greatest romantic poets, the earliest known famous poet in my country, and a world cultural celebrity. He founded the literary style of "Chu Ci" and also created the tradition of "Vanilla Beauty". Representative works include "Li Sao" and "Nine Songs".

In our country’s calendar, the Dragon Boat Festival is held to commemorate Qu Yuan, which has a history of more than 1,500 years. According to legend, after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, local people immediately rowed boats to rescue him after hearing the news. They rowed to Dongting Lake but never saw Qu Yuan's body. At that time, it happened to be a rainy day, and the boats on the lake gathered together at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that the purpose was to salvage the virtuous minister Qu, they set out again in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to express their grief, people went boating on the rivers, and then it gradually developed into dragon boat racing. The people were afraid that the fish in the river would eat his body, so they went home and brought rice balls and threw them into the river to prevent the fish and shrimp from destroying Qu Yuan's body. Later, it became a custom to eat rice dumplings.

Dragon Boat Festival, of course, is the protagonist of Zongzi. Eating rice dumplings during the Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of the Chinese people. Zongzi should be regarded as the most profound traditional food in Chinese history.

According to records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, rice was wrapped in wild rice leaves (wild rice leaves) into the shape of horns, which was called "horn millet"; rice was packed in bamboo tubes, sealed and roasted, called "tube rice dumplings". In the Jin Dynasty, rice dumplings were officially designated as Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the raw materials for making rice dumplings were also added with the traditional Chinese medicine Yizhiren. The cooked rice dumplings were called "Yizhizong". Rice is adulterated with animal meat, chestnuts, red dates, adzuki beans, etc., and the varieties are increasing. Zongzi is also used as a gift for social interactions.

By the time of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the rice used for rice dumplings had become “as white as jade”, and its shape appeared cone-shaped and rhombus-shaped. "Datang Zongzi" is recorded in Japanese literature. In the Song Dynasty, there was already "preserved rice dumplings", that is, rice dumplings with fruits. The poet Su Dongpo once wrote a poem: "Sometimes I see bayberry in rice dumplings."

To this day, every Chinese household soaks glutinous rice, washes rice dumpling leaves, and makes rice dumplings every fifth day of the fifth lunar month during the Dragon Boat Festival, with more varieties of designs and colors. In terms of fillings, Beijing jujube dumplings with jujubes are more popular in the north; in the south, there are various fillings such as bean paste, fresh meat, eight treasures, ham, and egg yolks. The custom of eating rice dumplings has been popular in China for thousands of years and has spread to North Korea, Japan and other Southeast Asian countries.

2. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard poster text material: Dragon Boat Festival customs

1. Prepare five-color silk threads for children

The ancients believed that May is an evil month and a plague. Moon and Poison Moon, it is believed that in May, five kinds of poisonous insects such as snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos, and toads become active, demons and monsters are also very rampant, diseases spread, and poisonous gases are everywhere. Generally, five-color silk threads are worn during the Dragon Boat Festival to ward off evil spirits. In ancient China, five colors were worshiped and regarded as auspicious colors. Therefore, in the early morning of the festival, the first important thing that adults do after getting up is to tie five-color threads on their children's wrists, ankles, and necks. When tying the thread, children are prohibited from speaking. The five-colored thread cannot be broken or discarded at will. It can only be thrown into the river during a heavy rain in summer or when taking a bath for the first time. It is said that children wearing five colored threads can avoid harm from poisonous insects such as snakes and scorpions. Throwing them into the river means that the river water will wash away plagues and diseases, so that the children can stay safe and healthy.

2. Dragon Boat Racing

Dragon boat racing is a custom of the Dragon Boat Festival and one of the most important folk activities of the Han people during the Dragon Boat Festival. It is common in the south of China and close to the river in the north. The cities on the lake also have the custom of dragon boat racing, and most of them are in the form of dragon boat rowing and dragon boat dancing. There are many theories about the origin of dragon boat racing. There are sacrificial activities such as worshiping Cao E, worshiping Qu Yuan, worshiping the water god or the dragon god, etc. Its origin can be traced back to the end of primitive society. Dragon boat racing has been introduced to neighboring countries such as Japan, Vietnam and the United Kingdom, and became an official event of the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games.

3. Eating Zongzi

Zongzi, also known as "corner millet" and "tube rice dumpling", is made by steaming glutinous rice wrapped in rice dumpling leaves. It is one of the traditional festival foods of the Chinese nation. Zongzi appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, and was originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin Dynasty, zongzi became a food for the Dragon Boat Festival. Folklore says that eating rice dumplings is to commemorate Qu Yuan. Zongzi, as one of the traditional foods with the most profound cultural heritage in China, has also spread far and wide. Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and other places where Chinese people live together also have the custom of eating rice dumplings.

4. Hanging moxa leaves and calamus

Hanging moxa leaves and calamus is a folk festival custom of the Han people. During the Dragon Boat Festival, moxa leaves are hung in the hall, and moxa leaves are cut into the shape of a tiger or a ribbon is cut into a small tiger, and affixed with Women rush to wear mugwort leaves to ward off evil spirits and ward off miasma. Use calamus as a sword and insert it on the door couch, which has the magical effect of exorcising magic and ghosts. During the Dragon Boat Festival, every family uses calamus, moxa leaves, pomegranate flowers, garlic, and dragon boat flowers to make human shapes called moxa people and moxa tigers. They are made into garlands and ornaments. They are beautiful and fragrant, and women compete to wear them to drive away miasma. . Folk proverb says: "Put willows during the Qingming Festival and moxa at the Dragon Boat Festival." During the Dragon Boat Festival, people regard planting mugwort and calamus as one of the important contents. Every family sweeps the courtyard, inserts calamus and moxa sticks in the eyebrows of the door, and hangs them in the hall.

5. Drink Pu wine, realgar wine, and cinnabar wine

Drink Pu wine, realgar wine, and cinnabar wine, and sprinkle it with wine. "Records of the Years of Jingchu": "Use calamus (a perennial herbaceous plant that grows by the water, with light red rhizomes underground, leaves shaped like swords, and spadix inflorescences. The rhizomes can be used as spices and medicine) or hollowed or scraped, "Cold wine." Pujiu is aromatic and refreshing. Later, realgar, cinnabar, etc. were added to the wine. "Wuzazui" written by Xie Zhaozhe in the Ming Dynasty: "You can also drink calamus wine...and drink it with realgar." "Yue Ling Guangyi" written by Feng Yingjing in the Ming Dynasty: "Use cinnabar wine for five days to ward off evil and detoxify, and use the wine to dye the forehead, chest, hands, feet, and heart , there will be no danger of snakes (a poisonous snake mentioned in ancient books). You can also sprinkle the walls, doors and windows to avoid poisonous insects." This custom is widely spread. It was during the Dragon Boat Festival that White Snake drank realgar wine and revealed her true form.

In fact, in addition to the above, there are many customs on the Dragon Boat Festival, such as making cakes, dancing bells, wearing sachets, etc. are all Dragon Boat Festival customs. The Dragon Boat Festival should be the traditional festival with the most customs besides the Spring Festival.

3. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard poster text material: the development history of Dragon Boat Festival

Pre-Qin period

Zhu Xuanxian’s Chinese painting "Duanyang Festival" In the pre-Qin period, customs in the north and south were different. But May 5th as a "holiday" has its own emphasis.

During the Warring States Period, people regarded May 5th as an "evil month" and "evil day". "Dadaili" says: "On May 5th, orchids are planted for bathing."

Qin Dynasty

After the Qin Dynasty, due to the unification of the country, the economic and cultural exchanges between the north and the south changed the customs Customs also merged with each other, and the Dragon Boat Festival was formed on the basis of the fusion of northern and southern customs. However, according to the existing literature records, the Dragon Boat Festival customs in the Han Dynasty were mainly to avoid evil.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to frequent wars, people suffered from wars, so the most important Dragon Boat Festival custom was "fighting and guarding". They were dyed with five-color silk and made into the shapes of the sun, the moon, stars, birds and beasts, and embroidered with embroidery and gold threads. It was called the Bingzhuan, and it also followed the name of the Han Dynasty as the longevity thread or the life-extending thread.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival inherited the customs and forms of the previous dynasty. However, in terms of nature, most of the festival customs and activities that originally had specific meanings have evolved into festival entertainment activities. The "evil day" is no longer evil, and the bad days are turned into good fortune, full of festive joy. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty recorded in "Dragon Boat Festival Banquet in Three Palaces, Officials Discovered Divine Words: Poem Preface": On the Dragon Boat Festival in the palace, it was a grand occasion, and elegant ministers were summoned for a grand banquet. "The wide hall is solemn and refreshing, and the trees are deep and windy." ".

The form of folk Dragon Boat Festival customs and activities in the Tang Dynasty was also similar to that of the previous generation. For example, "Youyang Zazu" records: "Northern women, on the fifth day, put in the five o'clock pictures and five o'clock flowers, and give them to the tent. On the same day, they put in the long life thread, twisting the knot, all of which are carried by the portrait." The thread of longevity is just different in production. It is made of silk threads tied into human shapes, which is more decorative. The Five Seasons Picture refers to the five poisonous snakes, bats, toads, lizards, etc., which is the predecessor of the Five Poison Picture. This custom has influenced the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The flower at noon is the pomegranate flower, and May is when the pomegranate flower blooms. In the Tang Dynasty, the angle millet rice dumplings were also renovated. "Wenchang Zalu" records: "On the fifth day of the Tang Dynasty, there were hundreds of rice dumplings and nine rice dumplings.

"The Tang Dynasty Emperor Xuanzong's poem "Dragon Boat Festival Banquet for Ministers" contains: "The acupuncture pillows channel spiritual energy, the long silks are colorful and life-giving, the flowers compete with each other in four seasons, and the nine rice dumplings compete for new ones." ", "Baisuo Zong" was also a food rewarded by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty to his ministers.

The Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Race in the Tang Dynasty is particularly worth attending. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the economy was prosperous and people's lives were relatively stable. In terms of festival entertainment, On the one hand, it has become a popular practice, and on the other hand, some folk customs and activities have also been supported by the government. Therefore, the style of racing has been particularly prosperous after the Song Dynasty. , many customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have undergone new changes. In the Han and Wei dynasties, Zhu Suo and peach seals were applied to the door to ward off evil spirits and ward off evil spirits. However, in the Song Dynasty, they paid attention to affixing Tianshi talismans, as quoted from "Sui Shi Guang Ji" by Chen Yuanliang. " says: "During the Dragon Boat Festival, people all draw portraits of the Heavenly Master to sell. "There is also a combination of clay as Zhang Tianshi, with moxa as the head and garlic as the fist, placed on the door.

In the Song Dynasty, the Han Dragon Boat Festival customs were also absorbed by the Liao and Jin countries. For example, "History of Liao· "Book of Rites" records that in the Liao Dynasty, the emperor had to wear longevity ribbons before he ascended to the throne, and officials in the north and south were also given longevity ribbons. In addition to absorbing some Han customs, the Jin Dynasty also had the ritual of worshiping the sky on the Dragon Boat Festival. , the custom of shooting willows and the entertainment activities of shooting bows, "History of Jin Dynasty: The Annals of King Sejong" records: At Chongwu in the third year of Dading (1264 AD), King Shizong "was lucky enough to shoot willows in Guangyuan Garden, and the winner was given something." Later, he returned to the Changwu Hall and was given a banquet and bow ceremony, which he took for granted every year. ""History of the Jin Dynasty·Book of Rites" has a detailed description of this custom. The Jin custom is to worship the sky on Chongwu, Zhongyuan (July 15th), and Chongjiu, and build a platform to worship the sky. After worshiping the sky on the Chongwu day, insert In the willow field, the shooters must follow the order of superiority and inferiority. After shooting the willow, they must play polo. 4. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard poster text material: May 5 customs of ethnic minorities. The Manchu Dragon Boat Festival

The Manchu people celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival in May to bring good fortune and ward off disasters. Legend has it that a long time ago, the Emperor of Heaven sent people down to earth to observe the people's sentiments. On the fifth day of May, the Emperor's envoy dressed as an oil seller and shouted: “One gourd weighs two pounds, two gourds weighs three pounds. Everyone rushed to buy, but only one old man not only refused to buy, but also told the old man that the calculation was wrong. When the oil was sold out, the old man followed the old man who did not buy the oil and said, "You are a good person. Tonight the plague god will bring a plague. You Plant mugwort on the eaves of your house to avoid plague. "After hearing this, the old man went from house to house and told everyone that if mugwort was planted in every house, the plague god could not bring down the plague, and everyone would be saved. During the Dragon Boat Festival in May, the Manchu people were particular about planting mugwort on the eaves to prevent diseases, and they also made it a point to go out for a walk in the suburbs. Dew, it is said that washing your face, hair and clothes with the dew on this day can prevent boils and eye diseases.

Shui Nationality Dragon Boat Festival

It is said that the ancestors of the Shui Nationality are vegetarians. He moved from Jiangxi to the Sandu area of ??Guizhou, where he cultivated land and established a family. In the autumn of one year, his four sons came to visit him. When he went upstairs to get some meat to entertain them, he accidentally slipped and fell to his death. From then on, the Shui people were only allowed to eat vegetarian food from the first day of the Dragon Boat Festival, and could not eat meat until the end of the Dragon Boat Festival.

The Naxi people’s Dragon Boat Festival

The Naxi people’s lunar calendar. On the morning of the fifth day of May, every family will eat glutinous rice with sugared dates and drink realgar wine. Elders will tie five-colored cotton threads around the door, with three kudzu stalks and two barley ears, called "Continuation". "Life Thread". Boys tie it around their left wrist, and girls tie it around their right wrist. The life thread needs to be worn for one month, and it cannot be taken off and burned until the last day of the Torch Festival on June 27. During the festival, medicine stalls are also set up in the market. , selling various precious medicinal materials. Women embroider small sachets, small purses, dolls, fan covers, pen covers and other handicrafts.

Dai Zongbao Festival

Dai folk. Festival. Popular in some areas of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in present-day Yunnan Province, it is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. During the festival, unmarried young men and women gather in a circle under a tree near the village and sing love songs. Throw it to the girl you like. If the girl is interested, you will pick up the rice dumpling bag and go to a nearby secluded place to fall in love. They will not leave until sunset.

Tibetan Flower Picking Festival

Tibetan traditional festival. It is popular in the Boyu area at the border of Gansu and Sichuan. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and is also known as Women's Day a long time ago. The area was deserted, but it was a girl named Lianzhi who taught people how to farm and pick flowers to treat illnesses. Later, girl Lianzhi slipped and fell to her death while picking flowers on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In order to commemorate her, people gradually formed the Flower Picking Festival. .

The main activities of the Flower Picking Festival are grabbing water, picking flowers and blessing. On the morning of the festival, people grab spring water to wash themselves and drink. It is said that bathing in the spring water where the sun does not shine on this day can bring good luck, and drinking it can get rid of diseases. Then, the young men and women dressed in costumes, brought delicious food, and went to Alikan Mountain forty miles away to pick flowers. When setting off, the whole village, men, women, old and young, sang happily to see them off, while the flower pickers expressed their determination and desire to pick flowers. When they arrived at Caihuaping, the girls picked flowers, and the boys chopped firewood, set up pots, and built sheds. They started singing and dancing in the evening and rested until midnight. When she returned to the village the next day, the girl had flowers on her head, a wreath on her head, and a basket full of flowers and herbs on her back. When arriving at the entrance of the village, the whole village gathered at the head of the village, fired salutes, and gave wine and steamed buns to congratulate the young flower pickers on their return. The flower picker girls gave gifts (green onions thick with cedar) to each household and gave blessings.

5. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard poster text material: Dragon Boat Festival ancient poems

Dragon Boat Festival

(Tang Dynasty) Wenxiu

Who does the Dragon Boat Festival come from? It is said that the eternal rumor is Qu Yuan;

It is laughable that the Chu River is empty and indistinct, and it cannot wash away the injustice of the direct ministers.

The talisman is more customary, but praying for wine will lead to peace.

The hair on the sideburns grows whiter day by day, and the pomegranate brocade illuminates the eyes every year;

Thousands of years of virtue and foolishness are the same in the blink of an eye, and a few people are forgotten and few are famous.

Race Song (Excerpt)

(Tang Dynasty) Zhang Jianfeng

On May 5th, the sky was clear and bright, and poplars circled the river and sang the dawn eagle;

Before the envoys left the county house, the chorus of harmony had been heard on the river;

The envoys were all right when they left, and the horses were already led by red flags;

Luo Luo on both sides of the bank The clothes smell fragrant, and the silver hairpin shines in the sun like a blade of frost;

With three beats of drums, the red flag opens, and two dragons leap out of the water;

With the sound of drums, thousands of swords fly across the waves; Thousands of thunders crackle the waves;

The drums sound more and more urgent, and the mark is approaching, and the two dragons look at the mark as if in an instant;

The people on the slope are shouting thunderbolts, and the poles are hung with rainbow colors;

The boat ahead grabbed the water and won the bid, but the boat behind lost momentum and was left empty-handed.

Jie Lingmen. Duanyang

(Qing Dynasty) Li Jingshan

Cherry, mulberry and calamus, and a pot of realgar wine.

There is a yellow paper sticker hanging high outside the door, but it is suspected that the account owner is afraid of the magic talisman.

Coir raincoat hat, dare to be mud and fall deeply in love with the thatched cottage;

There are guests who treat each other as flesh and blood, and have no money to buy wine and sell articles;

In those days, the fish was three feet away, and it was not as fragrant as the beans now.