Youth heart disease slogan

Heart disease is the general term for heart disease. The most common diseases are coronary heart disease, myocarditis, congenital heart disease and hypertensive heart disease. Every heart disease has its own characteristics. Give a brief introduction.

1 coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease is the highest incidence of heart disease, which is a vascular disease that provides nutrition for the heart. Atherosclerotic lipid plaque blocks the coronary artery, causing myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, which in turn leads to myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. Besides angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, it also includes ischemic cardiomyopathy, asymptomatic coronary heart disease and sudden death. As long as there are symptoms of chest and abdomen pain, you need to see a doctor immediately to see if it is related to coronary artery. When the disease breaks out, you can diagnose it by doing ECG or exercise load test.

2, myocarditis

The main cause of myocarditis is viral or bacterial infection, ranging from almost asymptomatic to cardiogenic shock and sudden death. Most patients will have symptoms of viral infection about three weeks before onset, such as general weakness, muscle aches, persistent fever, nausea and vomiting, and then chest pain, palpitations and dyspnea may occur, and even syncope and sudden death may occur. Pay more attention to rest and avoid strenuous exercise. As long as you have difficulty breathing and palpitations, you need immediate treatment.

3, myocardial lesions

Cardiomyopathy is caused by some factors causing myocardial contraction and relaxation dysfunction or ECG dysfunction. Its main symptom is ventricular hypertrophy or enlargement. Cardiomyopathy can be divided into dilated and hypertrophic types. The former is a manifestation of cardiac insufficiency. After exercise, patients have chest tightness and shortness of breath, and their exercise endurance is reduced. Patients may have difficulty breathing at night and can only sit up and breathe. When doing echocardiography, the heart can be enlarged and the ejection fraction can be reduced. The latter belongs to hereditary cardiomyopathy, the main symptom of which is asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy, which is the main cause of sudden death of adolescents during exercise. Diagnosis can be made by color Doppler echocardiography.

4. arrhythmia

Arrhythmia can be divided into rapid type and slow type. The former includes premature atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia, and its main symptom is palpitation. The latter includes sinus bradycardia and conduction block, and patients may have general weakness, transient melena and dizziness. We must find out the cause of arrhythmia and then receive treatment through drugs or surgery.

5. Congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease refers to the abnormal development of the heart and great vessels in the fetal period, the most common being the defects of the left and right atria and ventricles. Generally, small defects have no symptoms, but large defects can cause dyspnea or cyanosis, which can be diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography.

6, valvular heart disease

The heart is divided into four chambers, namely, left and right atria and left and right ventricles, with valves between them. When the valve is opened, the blood continues to flow forward, and when the valve is closed, the blood can be prevented from flowing back. If the valve is not tightly closed or cannot be opened, the structure or function of atrium and ventricle will change, which will lead to heart failure or arrhythmia.

skill

No matter what kind of heart disease you have, you must actively cooperate with your doctor for treatment. Prevention is greater than cure. Generally speaking, the risk of heart disease is several times higher for obese people than for people with normal weight. Therefore, it is necessary to control weight and do more physical exercise to improve heart function. We must give up smoking and drinking, adjust the diet structure and adopt a low-salt and low-fat diet structure. In addition, we need to control our emotions, face everything with a positive and optimistic attitude, and control our blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar.

The online manuscript of Family Doctor may not be reproduced without authorization.

# Family Doctor Super Team # # Health Science Qualifying Competition #