2014 National College Entrance Examination Paper 1 Classical Chinese

1. 2014 National Standard Paper 1 Chinese Answers

2014 National College Entrance Examination Chinese Test Paper New Curriculum Standard National Paper 1 Answers Chinese Answers 1.B2.C3.D4.C5.D6.A7. Answer: Dayu and Shang Tang blamed themselves, but they were able to flourish. A moral king never forgets to correct his mistakes. I am deeply congratulated. Answer: But he is close to the talented, condescending to hand over the scholars, and recommend the younger generations, even though he is senior. , there is no look of tiredness at all. 8. Answer: It sets the emotional tone of the poem. The spring breeze blows the rain, and the ground is filled with red. The beginning of the poem gives people a sense of suppression and depression; next, although the wind and rain have stopped, the red color is The sun has already set in the west, and the desolate atmosphere has not been lifted, but has been cast into a bleak twilight. 9. Answer: The last two sentences express the character's confused thoughts and unresolved sadness. It is through the character's own emotions. It is expressed through movements. He turns around to tidy up the remaining chess pieces and wants to continue playing, so as to divert his sadness, but because of his worries, he is hesitant and moves slowly. 10. He takes a long breath to cover his tears, lamenting the difficulties of the people's life and the yellow crane cannot fly yet. However, the ape sheds tears when it wants to overcome its worries and clings to the power, and hates the other birds. 11. (1) 3 points for answer A, 2 points for answer D, and 1 point for answer B; no points will be given for answers C and E. (2) Answer: ① Enthusiastic and honest, willing to help others, like children who are filial to their parents; ② Strong and unyielding, not afraid of physical and mental hard work, relying on their own strength to make money; ③ Perseverance, not bowing to fate, and adhering to the belief in a free life. (3) Answer: ① Narrate the story from the perspective of "I" to make the event appear real and credible; ② Use "money" as the topic and introduce the story of the ferryman to arouse the reader's interest in reading; ③ Use dialogue form to express the story of the ferryman. The husband's self-narration of his experience makes the narrative more focused; ④ The combination of scene description and the ferryman's narration gives the ferryman's story a sad yet sad poetic beauty. (4) One answer: ① In terms of artistic structure, through sudden transitions Produce a dramatic effect, and finally ends with singing, with a long and thought-provoking aftertaste; ② In terms of emotional expression, the expressionless expression of the ferryman is used instead of crying, and the passionate singing is used instead of complaining, which strengthens the intensity of expressing the suffering; ③ In terms of character image, it expresses both the ferryman The husband's free and unrestrained boldness also reflects the depth of his real pain, making the image of the ferryman fuller; ④ In terms of ideological content, from criticizing the darkness of social reality to expressing the ferryman's belief in pursuing a free life, it deepens the theme of the work.12 .(1) Answer B will be given 3 points. Answer E will be given 2 points. Answer A will be given 1 point. Answers C and D will not be given points. (2) Answer: ① Judging from the members, both sides of the debate were representatives of the physics community at that time. characters; ② From the content point of view, the debate involves the two basic theories of modern physics, relativity and quantum mechanics; ③ From the impact point of view, the debate has driven academic debate in the entire theoretical physics community. (3) Answer: ① Having an academic standing Core leaders at the forefront; ② Have a group of scientists who can be called the backbone; ③ Create a unique academic spirit. (4) Answer: ① pursue the truth, be magnanimous in academic disputes, and do not mix personal grudges; ② act with innocence Dedicated to helping the motherland develop physics research; ③ discerning talents, attracting a large number of young scientists and providing them with a platform for development; ④ showing humanitarian concern and actively rescuing scientists persecuted by the Nazis. 13.C14.D15.B16. Give Humans have brought huge disasters. Increased carbon dioxide will bring benefits: plants will get sick or even die. 17. Example: This three-day inspection of the Yao village requires participants to check the information in advance, understand the general profile of the Yao people, and prepare the necessary luggage; inspection The main activities during the period include visits, interviews and socializing with villagers. Each person is required to write a diary to record the inspection situation. 2. 2014 National Volume 1 Chinese Language Must Memorize Table of Contents

The new curriculum standard for college entrance examination requires memorizing 64 dictated ancient poems (firsts) and 14 high school poems: Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning", Zhuangzi's "Xiaoyaoyou", Han Yu's "Shi Shuo", Du Mu's "Afanggong Fu", Su Shi's "Chibi Fu", "The Book of Songs Wei Feng Meng", "Li Sao", Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult", Du Fu's "Deng Gao", Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing", Li Shangyin's "Jin Se", Li Yu's "Yu Meiren" (When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come), Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao" (The River Goes East), Xin Qiji's "Yong Yu Le" (Eternal Rivers and Mountains).

50 articles for junior high school: "Quotations of Confucius", Mencius "Fish I Want", Mencius "Born in Sorrow, Die in Peace", "Zuo Zhuan? Cao GUI's Discussion on War", "Warring States Policy? Zou Ji's Satire" "The King of Qi Accepts Admonition", Zhuge Liang's "The Master", Tao Qian's "The Peach Blossom Spring", Li Daoyuan's "The Three Gorges", Han Yu's "Miscellaneous Notes (IV)", Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room", Liu Zongyuan's "The Story of the Little Stone Pond", Fan Zhongyan's "The Story of the Yueyang Tower" , Ouyang Xiu's "The Drunkard's Pavilion", Zhou Dunyi's "The Love of Lotus", Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple", Song Lian's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (Excerpt)", "The Book of Songs? Guan Ju", "The Book of Songs? Jian Jia" , Cao Cao's "Viewing the Sea", Tao Qian's "Drinking", Wang Bo's "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou", Wang Wan's "Second Beigu Mountain", Wang Wei's "Envoys to the Fortress", Li Bai's "Hearing that Wang Changling moved to the left to Longbiaoyuan" There is this message", Li Bai's "The Journey Is Hard", Du Fu's "Looking at the Mountains", Du Fu's "Looking at Spring", Du Fu's "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind", Cen Shen's "Song of White Snow Sending Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital", Han Yu's "Early Spring Presenting the Water Department" "Zhang Shiba Yuanwai", Liu Yuxi "Rewarding Lotte and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou", Bai Juyi "Viewing the Cutting of Wheat", Bai Juyi "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake", Li He "Yanmen Prefect's Journey", Du Mu "Red Cliff", Du Mu " "Board at Qinhuai", Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sends to the North", Li Shangyin's "Untitled", Li Yu's "Happy Meeting", Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman", Yan Shu's "Huanxisha", Wang Anshi's "Climbing Feilai Peak", Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi? Mizhou" "Hunting", Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", Lu You "Visiting Shanxi Village", Xin Qiji "Broken Array", Wen Tianxiang "Crossing the Lingding Ocean", Ma Zhiyuan "Tian Jing Sha? Autumn Thoughts", Zhang Yanghao "Slope Sheep? Tong Caring for the Ancient", Gong Zizhen "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai". 3. Ancient Chinese texts must be memorized in Paper 2 of the National College Entrance Examination

Ten "The Analects" "Fish I Want" - Mencius "Born in Sorrow, Die in Peace" - Mencius "The Controversy of Cao GUI" - "Turn Left" "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice" - "Warring States Policy" and "Execution" - Zhuge Liang's "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" - Tao Yuanming's "Three Gorges" - Li Daoyuan's "Horse Theory" - Han Yu's "Inscription on the Humble Room" - Liu Yuxi's "The Story of Xiaoshitan" - Liu Zongyuan's "Yueyang Tower" - Fan Zhongyan's "The Drunkard's Pavilion" - Ouyang Xiu's "Love of Lotus" - Zhou Dunyi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" - Su Shi's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" (excerpt) - Song Lian's "Guan Ju" - " "The Book of Songs" "Jian Jia" - "The Book of Songs" "Viewing the Sea" - Cao Cao "Drinking" - Tao Yuanming "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" - Wang Bo "Second Beigu Mountain" - Wang Wan "Envoy to the Fortress" - Wang Wei "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Longbiao was far away and sent this message" - Li Bai's "The Road is Difficult" - Li Bai's "Looking at the Mountains" - Du Fu's "Spring Outlook" - Du Fu's "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind" - Du Fu's "Song of White Snow to Send Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital" - Cen Shen's "Presenting to the Eighteen Members of the Ministry of Water in Early Spring" - Han Yu's "Reward Lotte Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" - Liu Yuxi's "Viewing the Cutting of Wheat" - Bai Juyi. 4. Which texts should be tested in National Paper 1 of Advanced Archaeological Poetry Silent Writing

High school curriculum standards must memorize 14 articles 1 Encouragement to Learning 2 Xiaoyaoyou 3 Teacher's Comments 4 Afang Palace Fu 5 Chibi Fu 6 Meng 7 Li Sao 8 Shu Dao Difficult 9 Climbing high 10 Playing the pipa 11 Jinse 12 Poppy 13 Nian Nujiao · Red Cliff Nostalgia 14 Yong Yule · Jingkou Beiguting Nostalgic Junior High School Curriculum Must Memorize 50 Chapters 1 The Analects of Confucius Ten Principles 2 Fish What I Want 3 Born from Sorrow , died in peace 4 Cao GUI's controversy 5 Zou Ji satirized the king of Qi and accepted the advice 6 A teacher's watch 7 Peach Blossom Spring 8 Three Gorges 9 Horse theory 10 Inscriptions of a humble house 11 Xiaoshitan story 12 Yueyang Tower 13 Drunkard's Pavilion 14 Ai Lian's story 15 Night tour of Chengtian Temple 16 Send the preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang 17 Guanyong 18 Jianjia 19 Viewing the sea 20 Drinking wine (Part 5) 21 Send Du Shaofu to be appointed to Shuzhou 22 Beigu Mountain 23 Envoys to the fortress 24 I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyuan sent this 25 Difficulty traveling (Part 1) 26 Looking at the mountains 27 Looking at the spring 28 The song that the hut was broken by the autumn wind 29 Bai Xue's song to send Magistrate Wu back to the capital 30 In the early spring, Zhang Shiba, a member of the Ministry of Water Resources, went abroad 31 Rewarding Lotte Yangzhou and seeing a gift at the first banquet 32 ??Watching the harvested wheat 33 A spring trip to Qiantang Lake 34 A trip to Yanmen Governor 35 Red Cliff 36 Parking in Qinhuai 37 Night rain sent to the north 38 Untitled 39 Happy meeting 40 Fisherman's pride·Autumn thoughts 41 Huanxi sand 42 Climbing Feilai peak 43 Jiangchengzi·Mizhou hunting 44 Water tune singer 45 Traveling to Shanxi Village 46 Breaking Time · Compose a poem for Chen Tongfu 47 Crossing the Lingding Ocean 48 Clear Sand in the Sky · Autumn Thoughts 49 Sheep on the Hillside · Tong Cares about Ancient Times 50 Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai.

5. Which texts should be tested in National Paper 1 of High School Archaeological Poetry Dictation

14 must be memorized in high school curriculum standards

1 Encouragement to learn

2 Xiaoyaoyou

3 Shi Shuo

4 Afang Palace Fu

5 Chibi Fu

6 Meng

7 Li Sao

8 The Road to Shu is Difficult

9 Climbing High

10 Playing the Pipa

11 Jinse

12 Poppy Poppies

13 Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia

14 Yongyule·Jingkou Beiguting Nostalgia

50 articles must be memorized in junior high school curriculum standards

1 Ten Chapters of "The Analects"

2 Fish is what I want

3 Born in sorrow, died in peace and happiness

4 Cao GUI's Controversy

5 Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice

6 The Master's Example

7 Peach Blossom Spring

8 The Three Gorges

9 Horse Theory< /p>

10 Inscriptions on the Humble House

11 The Story of the Little Stone Pond

12 The Story of the Yueyang Tower

13 The Story of the Drunkard Pavilion

14 Love Lotus

15 Night Tour at Chengtian Temple

16 Send a Preface to Dongyang Ma Sheng

17 Guan Ju

18 Jian Jia< /p>

19 Viewing the Sea

20 Drinking (Part 5)

21 Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou

22 Going to the foot of Beigu Mountain

23 Envoys arrived at the fortress

24 I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyuan sent this message

25 Difficulty traveling (Part 1)

26 Looking at the Mountains

27 Looking at Spring

28 The Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind

29 Bai Xuege Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital

30 Presented to Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water Resources in early spring

31 Reward Lotte Yangzhou saw gifts at the first banquet

32 Watch the harvest of wheat

33 Spring trip to Qiantang Lake

34 Yanmen Governor's Journey

35 Red Cliff

36 Parking at Qinhuai

37 Night Rain Sends to the North

38 Untitled

39 Happy Meeting

40 Fisherman's Pride·Autumn Thoughts

41 Huanxi Sand

42 Climbing Feilai Peak

43 Jiang Chengzi · Hunting in Mizhou

44 Shui Tiao Ge Tou

45 Touring Shanxi Village

46 Po Zhenzi · Compose a poem for Chen Tongfu

47 Crossing the Lingding Ocean

48 Pure Sand·Autumn Thoughts

49 Sheep on the Hillside·Tong Caring for the Ancient Times

50 Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai 6 . College Entrance Examination National Paper 1 Chinese Language Answers

Reference Answers 1 Answer C Analysis A 秣 (mò), B Qingjia (yà), D Anatomy (pōu) Test point pronunciation 2. Answer B Analysis A. Instigator: derogatory term .

figurines, wooden or pottery figurines used for burial in ancient times. The person who started making figurines.

It is a metaphor for the person who is the first to do something bad. B. Move the bottle to ask for advice: Zun is an ancient wine container; just move closer.

Hold the wine glass and leave your seat to drink in front of the other person in order to ask for advice. It is a metaphor for taking the initiative to ask people for advice.

C. With both sounds and emotions: Bing, Du; Mao, the appearance of abundant vegetation, is extended to be beautiful. It means that the timbre, singing style and emotion expressed are very moving.

Error using object. D. Arty: a derogatory term.

Sustain, rely on, follow; Fengya generally refers to poetry. It refers to people who lack cultural accomplishment and make friends with literati and participate in relevant cultural activities in order to decorate their appearance.

To answer idiom questions, first, explain the idiom word for word, and use the structural characteristics of the idiom to grasp the main idea of ??the idiom, but be careful not to interpret it literally; second, pay attention to the potential emotion and style of the idiom; Third, pay attention to the scope of use of the idiom and the objects it is collocated with; Fourth, clarify the context of the idiom used and try to find out the relevant information in the sentence; Fifth, analyze the relationship between the modifier and the modified, and look at the modification Whether there is any semantic contradiction or duplication of semantics between the component and the central word. The test points are the correct use of words (including idioms), and the ability level is expression application D 3. Answer B Analysis A Mixed sentence structure C "base" and "institution" are not properly matched D Incomplete components, "take" lacks an object.

Analysis of incorrect sentences in test points 4. Answer A. Analyze and sort the content from total to score. Pay attention to the small-scale connections between sentences. ⑥①⑤ must be connected together. When doing coherent questions, you should pay attention to grasp the basic content and initially classify them into hierarchies. First sort them in a small range, and then examine the connection between levels. Among them, you should first find out the related words, pronouns and words that represent time and place. Then arrange the sentences accordingly.

Based on the above arrangement, read through the paragraphs and check to confirm. The language expression of the test points is coherent, and the ability level is expression and application D 5. Answer C Analysis "Thus solving the problem of preventing and treating emotional abnormalities" does not conform to the meaning of the text.

The word "了" is of course already understood. Screening of important information in the text for test points 6. Answer D Analysis "Residual pesticides, food additives and antibiotics kill a large number of intestinal bacteria" and "High-protein substances will be decomposed into a large amount of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia" are two different things Reason, there is no causal relationship between the two.

Test points: Understand the meaning of important sentences in the text 7. Answer A Analysis Dopamine is a chemical substance in neurons that conducts nerve excitement. When dopamine conduction is smooth, a series of chemical changes will occur inside the brain. Let us produce ***. It is whether dopamine conduction is smooth or not, not the amount of dopamine.

The test points are based on inferences and imaginations based on the content of the article. 8. Answer B: Analysis of "pet" means "favor" and "reward". The test points focus on the meaning of the content words in the text.

9. Answer B Analysis ② sentence uses metaphors to reason and does not touch on interests; ④ means that he is good at history and has literary talent. Test points filter information and understand characters.

10. Answer C: Analysis of the misunderstanding of "promote" and "zhi" in "The book is completed, promoted to the Imperial Academy and prepared for the system, Tongzhi made the imperial edict and served as the editor of the Academy of National History", "promote" means promotion, " "Know" is in charge. The test points summarize the key points and summarize the center.

11. Answer (1) It happened that the Yuan Dynasty sent Tuotuo to collect food and wages, and threatened King Liang with sensational words, and must kill Wang Yi. (2) God has ended the fate of your Yuan Dynasty, and our court has replaced it.

How dare you, the remnants of a faint fire, compete with the sun and the moon? Analysis (1) Pay attention to the translation of "hui", "yi", "bi" and "threaten the king with words of danger (adverbial postposition)". (2) Pay attention to the translation of "Ji", "End", "Real", "Remnant" and "Dare to compete with the sun and the moon".

Translation of classical Chinese texts must strictly implement the principle of literal translation; find out the scoring points accurately: key content words, flexible words, sentence pattern characteristics, important function words, passable words, partial meanings and compound words; keep the translated sentences smooth and smooth, and the translated sentences It matches the original context. Test points: Understand and translate the sentences in the text. The ability level is Comprehension B 12. (1) Answer. This poem describes a plain butterfly swimming with bees and hiding when encountering birds; rising against the sun and returning with the wind; emerging and emerging among flowers. No, it was flying up and down among the leaves.

It is described through Sudie’s relationship with the surrounding things and her reactions to different situations. The analysis uses detailed description, with bees, birds, sun, wind, flowers and leaves as background.

Pay attention to the verbs "circle, hide, fight, return, see, fly" and so on. Test points include appreciation of poetic imagery and its functions.

(2) Answer: This poem expresses the poet's joys and sorrows, ups and downs in real life through the description of Su Die's activities. The last two sentences highlight the author's attachment and yearning for beautiful things. The method of expressing one's ambitions is adopted.

From the analysis, it can be seen from the annotation that the author "has a prosperous literary reputation. He is hated by others because of his talent and arrogance, and his official career has been ups and downs." It can be seen that the author uses Su Die to express his feelings about being unappreciated, and the last couplet hopes to win over others. The desire for appreciation.

The test focuses on the techniques and thoughts and feelings of poetry appreciation.

13. Answer (1) The road is long and long, and I will search up and down. _ (Qu Yuan's "Li Sao") Being close to virtuous ministers and staying away from villains is why the early Han Dynasty prospered; being close to villains and staying away from virtuous ministers is why the Han Dynasty has declined since then.

(Zhuge Liang's "Shishi Biao"), I saw the mourning bird calling the ancient trees, the male flying from the female around the forest. I also heard that Zigui cries about the moonlight at night and worries about the empty mountains (Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult") (2) I lived in poverty at the age of three.

Women are also unhappy, and scholars behave differently. Scholars are also extremely ignorant, but only have two or three virtues.

("The Book of Songs. Meng") Confucius said: "Those who review the past and learn the new can become a teacher."

("The Analects of Confucius. For Politics") [Source: Subject Network ZXXK ] The setting clouds and solitary swans fly together, and the autumn water and the long sky are the same color.

(Wang Bo's "Preface to Teng Wang's Reading") Test points on dictation of famous sentences and famous articles 14. Answers ① express the author's deep nostalgia and nostalgia for his childhood and childhood life; ② make the picture of childhood life more real, concrete and Vivid, giving people an immersive feeling; ③ Stimulate readers' interest in reading. Analyze three details of the article about the appearance or use of the kerosene lamp, and answer the question based on the author's historical background and the thoughts and feelings he expressed.

Examine the role of detailed description. 15. Answers (1) ① Even if it is common. 7. Ask for the National Paper 1 Chinese Language College Entrance Examination Questions

1. (12 points, 3 points for each question) 1. The dotted words in the following words, the group with correct pronunciation is A.

Giant (bò) River clam (bàng) Loss outweighs the gain (cháng) Xin Xin student (shēn) D.

Anatomy (pāo) Bondage (jī) Picking chestnuts from the fire (lì) Feeling about it (xì) 2. Among the following sentences, the correct use of the highlighted idiom is A. Now our employees commute to and from work on foot or by bicycle in order to promote a green, carpet-filled life.

What is particularly gratifying is that the initiator is our new director. B.

A few years ago, almost no one in the academic world did not criticize his teachings, but now that he is revered as a master, those who seek advice from him are almost beyond the threshold of his home. C.

He is one of the few well-known TV drama screenwriters today. This is not only because he is good at weaving stories, but more importantly because the scripts he writes are full of emotion and twists and turns. D.

A young man who looked like a middle school student next to him said sincerely: "Uncle, these are calligraphy and paintings by famous people. Just buy one. Hanging it in the living room will not only cheer you up, but also be arty." 3 .In the following pattern, the sentence with no grammatical errors is A.

This experience of the master is very important, but there are different versions of it, and all the parties involved and insiders have passed away. After consideration, we plan to adopt the version of the master’s son as the standard. B.

When we speak and write articles, we need to follow certain grammatical rules when stringing scattered words into sentences that can be used to convey information and complete communicative tasks. C.

This legal vocational training base was jointly established by the Provincial Department of Justice and Nanhai University. It is the first training institution in the country to effectively combine *** administrative functions and efficient educational resources. D.

Recently, the number of children with fever has increased, and our hospital has entered a state of overload in the outpatient clinic. In order to make medical treatment more orderly, we have decided to register at different times. We apologize for any inconvenience this causes you. 4. Fill in the sentences in the horizontal line of the following paragraph in turn. The most appropriate group of connections is in recent decades,, , , , , .

As China’s national power increases, discussions about China’s international status, role and responsibilities are in the ascendant.

① It is also higher than the world average during the same period ② China has increasingly become the focus of world attention ③ Modernization has achieved world-renowned achievements ④ China’s comprehensive strength has increased significantly ⑤ Although there are different views on the causes of growth, no one can Deny the fact of growth ⑥China’s economic growth rate is much higher than that of developed countries A, ②④③⑥①⑤ B, ②⑤⑥③④①C, ⑥⑤④②③① D, ⑥①②④⑤③II. (9 points, 3 points for each question) Read the text below and complete questions 5-7.

Emotional abnormalities are a very complex phenomenon. For a long time, scholars in various fields have provided their own explanations for this phenomenon based on their own disciplines, but they have never been solved. Now biologists are beginning to get involved in this issue and explore it from a biological perspective, and their insights are refreshing.

We often say that people’s emotions are changeable, but in fact we are often not the real masters of our emotions. In the human body, there are many chemicals that regulate our emotions, and our joy, anger, sorrow, and joy are controlled by them.

For example, sometimes we feel upset for no reason. The reason is that a hormone called "meladonin" is causing trouble; if this hormone is secreted too much, it will lead to irritability, Frustration etc. According to research, meladonine is also the culprit in causing a disease called "winter depression."

People with this disease are prone to depression, depression, and even extreme behavior in winter, especially in the haze and lack of sunshine. Why are some people in life so happy and enviable? ? This again involves a chemical called "dopamine". Dopamine is a chemical substance in neurons that conducts nerve excitement. When dopamine is transmitted smoothly, a series of chemical changes will occur inside the brain, causing us to have sex.

Modern biologists have discovered that a large number of bacteria live in our respiratory tract and digestive tract, and half of them are neutral bacteria that are neither harmful nor beneficial to us, such as enterobacteria, yeasts and enterococci. ; About 10% are harmful bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, etc.; and about 30% are beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc. We don’t have to worry about harmful bacteria, because their activities are strictly controlled by beneficial and neutral bacteria.

Don’t underestimate these little bacteria that live in the intestines. They play an important role in changing our mood and behavior. On the one hand, these bacteria affect the body's nutritional metabolism, causing indigestion and emotional abnormalities; on the other hand, if the body's metabolism is disordered, these bacteria will produce hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other gases to poison our nerves, causing us to Have abnormal emotions and even perform extreme behaviors.

Scientists have done such an experiment: when pigs are fed high-density Lactobacillus fermentum, the pigs not only grow faster, but also the phenomenon of fighting for food is significantly reduced. This is because after the beneficial bacteria in the pig's intestines are strengthened, the growth of gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, which are toxic to the pig's nerves, is greatly reduced, thus improving the pig's behavior.

In recent years, the frequency of people’s emotional abnormalities and out-of-control behavior has increased year by year. From the perspective of the living environment of intestinal bacteria, there are two main reasons for this phenomenon. One is pesticides, food additives and Abuse of antibiotics, etc. When these drugs or chemicals enter the human body, they will kill a large number of intestinal bacteria, cause metabolic disorders and indigestion, and thus lead to abnormal mood and mental illness.

Second, as living standards have improved in recent years, some people are overeating. Due to the lack of beneficial bacteria or neutral bacteria in the human body to decompose and metabolize excessive high-protein intake, they will produce a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other substances that are toxic to the nerves under the decomposition of miscellaneous bacteria.

These substances will destroy the synthesis of serotonin in the human body, which inhibits impulses, leading to abnormal emotions and excessive behavior. (Excerpted from "Science and Technology Digest" on April 29, 2010) 5. Among the following statements about emotional abnormalities and their research status, the one that does not conform to the meaning of the original text is A.

The so-called abnormal mood refers to depression, depression, irritability, anger, and even extreme behaviors. A happy mood is a normal human state and is not an abnormal mood.

B. Human emotional abnormalities are a very complex phenomenon.

8. This year’s high school text translation

Is this it?

Reference translation

Liao Gang, whose courtesy name is Yongzhong, is from Shunchang, Nanjian Prefecture. In the early years of Yihe, he was awarded Guozilu from Zhangzhou Silu and promoted to supervisory censor. At that time, Cai Jing was in power, and Liao Gang had no scruples in discussing memorials. Because his parents were old and requested to be appointed as local officials, he went to court to serve as the commander of the Xinghua Army. Qinzong ascended the throne and recalled him with right words. When his father passed away, he was in mourning. When the period of mourning expired, he was offered a job as a member of the Ministry of Works, but he refused because his mother was ill.

In the first year of Shaoxing, thieves appeared in neighboring states, and all the officials fled. The Shunchang people followed Liao Gang's orders. Liao Gang told the people who followed the thieves to come back and find jobs. Then other thieves entered Shunchang, and the Road Supervision Department ordered Liao Gang to calm them down. Liao Gang sent his eldest son, Liao Chi, to persuade the thieves. Knowing that Liao Gang and his son were loyal, the thieves dispersed.

Soon afterwards, Wai Lang, a member of the civil service department, was recruited and admonished: "In ancient times, the emperor must have his own soldiers to lead them to prevent accidents and strengthen the monarch's power. He hoped to evaluate the old system and select the best as his soldiers. It is used as a defense in normal times and as a central army in action. This is the way to strengthen the branches and strengthen the weak branches." Youjin admonished: "The country's difficulties have reached its peak and we are now planning for reform. We cannot stay in a place like Kuaiji for a long time. Please build Jiankang and lead the six armies there as a defensive strategy to prevent the Jin people from thinking of taking over."

My mother died and the mourning period expired, so I returned to work. Liao Gang remonstrated and said: "The country cannot live without an army for a day, and the army cannot live without food for a day. Now the generals' armies are defending the Jiang and Huaihe Rivers, and there are tens of thousands of them. They have no savings at first, and they are waiting for food and wages shipped from the southeast every day. The people of Zhejiang are already poor. If you want to get rid of this worry, it is better to farm." So he offered three words: If the generals are able to shoot, hunt, and farm, they should be given generous rewards. For every hectare of farmland they farm, they will be promoted to a military rank. If the people are willing to farm, they will be lent grain. , repaid with rent. The emperor ordered the governor's office to arrange this matter.

At that time, the imperial court investigated Zhang Dun and Cai Bian for their crimes of harming the country, punished them and demoted them, and issued an edict that their descendants were not allowed to serve as officials in the court. By this time, Zhang Jie was promoted from Chongdao Temple to the post of magistrate of Wuzhou, and Zhang Yu was promoted from Taifu Cheng to supervisor of Jiangdong Tea. Liao Gang returned the edict in a sealed seal, thinking that this would be a form of punishment, so he gave it to the ancestral official.

At that time, Huizong had passed away. When the emperor met the emperor on the 15th day of the lunar month, he led his ministers to pay homage to Zhou Sheng. Liao Gang admonished him and said: "Etiquette can be thick and thin. When my brother is the king, he should treat him with royal etiquette, hoping to restrain the saint. In my heart, I just need to perform family etiquette in the inner court during the holidays."

Zheng Yinian got an official position because of his relationship with Qin Hui, and Liao Gang's evil deeds were obviously exposed by Shang Shu. Qin Hui hated Liao Gang. . The Jin people betrayed the covenant, and Liao Gang asked for the appointment of a highly respected old prime minister, who was assigned to the nearby vassal. When Qin Hui found out, he said, "Where do you want to put me?" At the beginning, when I was reporting for duty, the officials gathered in the capital hall. Liao Gang said to Zheng Yinian: "You used your entire family to guarantee the gold. Now that the gold has betrayed the covenant, what kind of appearance does it have to stay in the court?" Zheng Yinian He left the court for the sake of honor and official status. Liao Gang retired in the second year and died in Shaoxing in the 13th year.