Seek the life of Lu Xun.

Lu Xun, writer, thinker and revolutionary. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren,No. Yucai. People from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. I started studying at the age of seven, and at the age of twelve, I followed an old gentleman who lived in Jason Wu to study in San Tan Yin Yue. At the age of thirteen, great changes have taken place at home, and the economic situation has gradually become difficult. Later, his father fell ill, which made him feel indifferent and contemptuous, and "saw the true face of the world".

1898 left his hometown and was admitted to Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy; Later, he transferred to the Mine Road School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School. 1902 after graduation, he was selected to study in Japan, first studying medicine, and then abandoning medicine to join literature in order to change the national spirit. 1909 returned to China in August.

After the Revolution of 1911, Cai Yuanpei invited him to work in the Ministry of Education of Nanjing Provisional Government, and then moved to Beiping with his Ministry. 19 18, Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel of new literature, was published in New Youth, which officially started a brilliant creative career. By 1926, collections of short stories such as Scream and Wandering have been published one after another.

The "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup made his thoughts leap forward, and the theory of evolution dominated Marxist class theory. 1930 When the "Left League" was founded in March, it was recommended as a member of the Standing Committee and became the leader of the left-wing cultural movement under the leadership of China's * * * production party.

The essays in recent ten years are more profound and sharp, like daggers and spears, and full of the spirit of materialist dialectics. These works are included in several albums, such as Jia Xu Ji, Three Ji Xian, Two Hearts Ji, Nanqiang Beiji, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-romance, Lace Literature, Essays on Street Pavilion, etc. 193610 June19 died in Shanghai.

Mao Zedong thinks that Lu Xun is "the greatest and most heroic standard bearer in the new culture army" and "the most enthusiastic and unprecedented national hero". "He is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and revolutionary"; "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation." A brief introduction to Mr. Lu Xun's life.

Lu Xun (188 1- 1936)

China is a great modern writer and translator and the founder of the New Literature Movement. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in a dilapidated feudal family. Young people are influenced by evolution.

1902 went to Japan to study medicine and then engaged in literary and artistic work in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1909 returned to China and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University.

19 18 In May, Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym "Lu Xun", which exposed and criticized the cannibalism system violently and laid the cornerstone of the new literature movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he took part in the work of New Youth magazine, stood at the forefront of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal new culture movement, and became a great standard bearer of the May 4th New Culture Movement.

During the period of 19 18- 1926, he successively created and published albums such as Scream, Grave, Hot Wind, Wandering, Weeds, Morning Flowers, Flower Cover Collection and Flower Cover Collection Continuation. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q, published in19212, is one of the outstanding works in the history of modern literature in China. 1In August, 926, he was wanted by the reactionary authorities for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students and went to teach at Xiamen University in the south. 1927 1 went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and taught at Sun Yat-sen University. After the "April 12th Incident", he resigned from all his posts in Sun Yat-sen University in a rage. In the meantime, I witnessed that there were also non-revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries among the youth, who were deeply influenced and completely gave up the fantasy of evolution. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai.

Since 1930, Lu Xun has successively participated in progressive organizations such as China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League, China Civil Rights Protection League, etc. Regardless of the persecution of the Kuomintang government, he actively participated in the revolutionary literary movement. 1936 After the dissolution of the "Left League" at the beginning of the year, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese national United front in the literary and art circles. 1927- 1936 created most of the works and a large number of essays in New Stories, which were collected in Gang Ji, San Xian Ji, Er Xin Ji, South-to-North Diversion, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-wind and Moon Talk, Lace Literature, etc. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings. He led and supported the progressive literary groups such as the "Unnamed Society" and "Chaohua Society". Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National Newspaper Supplement, Mangyuan, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; He collected, studied and sorted out a large number of classical documents, critically inherited the ancient cultural heritage of the motherland, and compiled A Brief History of Chinese Novels, An Outline of the History of China Literature, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties and Notes on Old Events.

193610 June19 died in Shanghai.

One of the Old Photos-Lu Xun at Sun Yat-sen University

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/926, Guo Moruo, former dean of the College of Literature of Sun Yat-sen University, went to the northern expedition with the army. Chen Yannian, secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, suggested that the Central Committee of Sun Yat-sen University organize Lu Xun, who was then at Xiamen University, to teach at Sun Yat-sen University. Lu Xun agreed to go to Guangdong after receiving the invitation telegram. Sun Yat-sen University, Bi Lei, deputy secretary of the Academic Committee of Guangdong District Committee, and Wenya Xu, secretary of the Party branch of Sun Yat-sen University, were ordered to contact Lu Xun publicly.

Lu Xun left Beijing for Xiamen University on August 1926. Before long, he felt that Xiamen was as "unclean" as Beijing, which was still ruled by warlords, and it was a hopeless place. Therefore, he readily accepted the invitation of Sun Yat-sen University. In his letter to Xu Guangping, he said, "Build a front and attack the old society." Lu Xun and Xu Guangping met in Beijing Women's Teachers College, and their friendship sprouted from correspondence to exchange of ideas. 1925 formally established their love relationship. Xu Guangping is from Guangzhou. After graduating from Beijing Women's Normal University, she returned to Guangzhou to teach and was forced to resign. She joined Sun Yat-sen University as a teaching assistant. Lu Xun received a letter from Xu Guangping, telling the Israeli right-wing forces that they were also arrogant and the progressive forces were excluded. Lu Xun's answer on the boat is: "There are some bumps, but they are not bumps at sea;" The wind and waves at sea are much more sinister than this. "

1927 65438+1October 18 After Lu Xun arrived in Guangzhou, he became the head of literature department and academic director of CUHK. After the news spread, tourists flocked to him and he began to get in touch with people from all walks of life. As a representative of CUHK students, Bi Lei visited him and gave him China Journal Guide, People's Weekly and Young Pioneers. Lu Xun warmly received the progressive students. Lu Xun refused the welcome party of the school authorities, but in the afternoon of June+10/October 25th, 5438, accompanied by Bi Lei, he attended the welcome party held in his honor by CUHK Student Union, which was warmly welcomed. Zhu Jiahua, deputy director of the CUHK School Committee, also gave a welcome speech as the school leader and said a few flattering words. Lu Xun said in his speech: "Just now Mr. Zhu said that I am a revolutionary and a soldier. I don't think so. I don't recognize Mr. Zhu's set. " "If I were a revolutionary soldier, I shouldn't have come to Guangdong. I should crack down on evil in Beijing or Xiamen. Why did I come here? Because this is the' source of revolution', I heard that Guangdong is a terrible place and it is red! " Lu Xun said that he only saw many slogans in the streets of Guangdong and didn't see anything terrible. He also quipped: "From my point of view, Guangdong is nothing special compared with the old society. I feel like the white words written in the red cloth slogan,' red with white', and I feel a little uneasy about the revolution! "

Lu Xun's Lunar New Year in Guangzhou, the scenery of the South China he enjoyed, the flower market he saw on New Year's Eve, and the banquet invitation of the Kuomintang dignitaries were all returned with the words "No banquet". All kinds of newspaper articles about borrowing him to Guangzhou remained silent, and reporters with ulterior motives invited him to "lash out" at the shortcomings of Guangzhou. Lu Xun coldly replied, "I'm not familiar with the local situation, and I feel there's nothing to attack", which in turn led to abuse like "the old man". Lu Xun has no strength to fight back. He devoted all his energy to the teaching affairs of preparing to start classes, saying that he would "do his bit" for Sun Yat-sen University and "make CUHK's liberal arts decent". He worked out examination questions, arranged work and rest, issued notices, graded and released the list, and did everything by himself without stopping. At the invitation of Hong Kong's progressive youth, he also delivered two speeches in Hong Kong, Silent China and Same tune, with Xu Guangping as his Cantonese interpreter. For the political situation in Guangzhou, he has seen the complexity of "deep green and deep red". He watched coldly. In Xu Guangping's words, "He wants to find the enemy, he wants to see oppression coming, and he wants to touch the blood of the wound. Waiting for the opportunity to finally arrive. " During this period, he gave a speech at the CUHK Social Science Research Association, expressing his concern: "Guangzhou people are powerless, so it can be the source of revolution or counter-revolution ..."

On March 1 day, Sun Yat-sen University held the opening ceremony. Lu Xun was invited to give an impromptu speech on reading and revolution. He said, "As for the warlord, students from Huangpu Military Academy have attacked him and knocked him down. But no one fired at all the old systems, the old habits of patriarchal society and the old ideas of feudal society! " "Young students in Sun Yat-sen University should use what they have learned as a weapon to attack them-this is the responsibility of college youth." In March, he had another secret meeting with Chen Yannian.

On April 8, he was invited to the Whampoa Military Academy and delivered a speech on Literature in the Revolutionary Era, saying: "The current social situation in China is only a revolutionary war on the ground. A poem can't scare Sun Fangchuan away, but it blows Sun Fangchuan away with one shot. " He "seems to think that the sound of artillery is much better than that of literature." Lu Xun has frequent contact with the food culture market in Guangzhou and has a good impression on it. In his letter to his friends, he mentioned that "the food is expensive, but the materials are good" in Guangzhou. According to Lu Xun's Diary and Lu Xun's Letters, he visited more than 20 teahouses and restaurants in Guangzhou for nine months. In order to provide conditions for progressive young people who love reading new books, he and Sun Fuyuan rented several vacant rooms in Cao Fang Street and opened a Beixin Bookstore. From March 25th to August 15, it became a place for Mr. Lu Xun to meet and talk about literature with young people who love literature. Shortly after Lu Xun resigned from Sun Yat-sen University, the bookstore closed down, and the remaining books were given to * * * and the bookstore at low prices. At the time of handover, Lu Xun started packing, paid back 80 yuan and went out of business. Then, I happily invited the young people who helped me to the "Miaoqixiang" teahouse for dinner. The tutor and the "boss" personally cooked and drank, talking and laughing, and the scene was lively. Others thought it was a wedding reception.

The Northern Expedition won one victory after another. On April 10, Lu Xun heard the people of Guangzhou marching in the streets in Baiyunlou apartment to celebrate the cheers of the Northern Expeditionary Army in conquering Shanghai and Nanjing, and wrote the article "Celebrating the Recovery of Nanjing and Shanghai". He keenly mentioned that "it is good to celebrate, eulogize and revel in the revolution, but sometimes it will make the revolutionary spirit slippery". He bluntly warned that it is necessary to prevent "the revolutionary spirit from slipping away and dying out, and then reviving." Lu Xun's prediction was confirmed by the April 12th coup in Shanghai two days later and the April 15th coup in Guangzhou five days later. During the incident, Sun Yat-sen University was raided. In the afternoon, Lu Xun braved the storm and rushed back to CUHK to attend an emergency meeting attended by department heads. He suggested at the meeting that the authorities should not come back to continue the search and try to rescue the arrested students. Zhu Jiahua choked: "This is the' Party School'. Anyone who works here must obey the decision of the party and the state, and there can be no more objections. " Lu Xun came straight to the point: "Mr. Zhu, what crime did the arrested students commit?" Zhu Jiahua stammered, "I don't know." . Lu Xun asked sharply, "Since it is not clear, why should everyone present obey their decision?" The meeting failed to make a decision, and Lu Xun left angrily. He came to rescue the students and donated money to sympathize with the arrested students. However, a notice was posted in front of the library of Sun Yat-sen University, expelling hundreds of students and faculty from public office. Lu Xun protested by resigning from all posts in Sun Yat-sen University. The school also tried to decorate the facade with his reputation, which was rejected by Lu Xun. CUHK authorities turned against Lu Xun, calling everyone close to Lu Xun "Lu Xun School" or "Silk School" and trying to isolate Lu Xun. Lu Xun saw through the trick of Luo Zhi's reactionary accusation and insisted on staying in Guangzhou to engage in creation and translation. He said, "If I leave Guangzhou as soon as I leave Sun Yat-sen University, I think I will be excluded." Visiting young friends earnestly advised him to go somewhere else. Lu Xun said, "Didn't they make a rumor that I fled to Hankou? It's as dark as a crow everywhere now, and I can't go without it. If you leave, isn't it just a rumor for them? " He completed the compilation of Tang and Song legends under the light of Baiyun Tower, and mourned the murdered revolutionary youth in the inscription.

On July 16, accompanied by Xu Guangping, Lu Xun gave a lecture on reading miscellaneous talks in Zhiyong Middle School. He warned middle school students that they must "read this living book with their own eyes" and "get in touch with society more and make the books they read come alive." On July 23rd, in the summer academic lecture sponsored by Guangzhou Education Bureau, he gave a speech on the relationship between Wei and Jin demeanor and articles, medicine and wine. When he talked about Sima Yi's method of framing his opponent, the conversation turned. He said, for example, warlords who opposed the revolution hung up the blue sky and white flag when the revolutionary forces became stronger, and they wanted to hold a memorial week for the Prime Minister. If the followers of the "Three People's Principles" don't go, they won't be accused of opposing the "Three People's Principles" and subtly hit counter-revolutionary double-dealers. On September 27th, Lu Xun and Xu Guangping boarded the ship "Shandong" and left Guangzhou for Shanghai.

In Guangzhou, Lu Xun spent eight months and nine days. He persisted in writing in a complicated environment, edited the old work Weeds Morning Flowers, continued to translate Little John, created the sword in New Stories, catalogued the legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, and wrote the History of China Literature Plan, from ancient Chinese characters to Sima Qian in Han Dynasty. He even wrote a number of essays, compiled into "Gangji", which recorded his footprints and the process of ideological transformation during his stay in Guangzhou. The inscription of Gang Ji can be regarded as a summary of his historical significance in Guangzhou: in the past six months, I have seen a lot of blood and tears, but I only have mixed feelings. Tears wiped away and blood disappeared; Tubo people are happy again, using steel knives and soft knives; However, I only have "miscellaneous feelings". Even when "mixed feelings" are "put in the right place", I am just "just"!