How are ball bearings made?

Bearing is an important part of modern mechanical equipment. Its main function is to support the rotating body of machinery, so as to reduce the friction coefficient when it moves and ensure its rotating accuracy. Ball bearing is one of the most common bearings in light industrial machinery industry. Spherical alloy steel balls are installed between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring to reduce friction and improve the transmission efficiency of mechanical power by rolling. The following briefly introduces the processing method of the lower ball bearing:

A, bearing ring processing

1, forging processing Forging processing is the primary processing in bearing ring processing, also known as blank processing.

(1) The main functions of ring forgings are:

(a) obtaining a blank with a shape similar to that of a product, thereby improving the utilization rate of metal materials, saving raw materials, reducing the processing capacity and reducing the cost.

(b) Eliminate the inherent defects of metal, improve the metal structure, make the metal streamline distribution reasonable and the metal tightness good, thus improving the service life of the bearing.

(2) Forging method: Generally, assembly line operation is carried out in the equipment body consisting of induction heating furnace, press, reaming machine and forming machine.

2. The main function of annealing ferrule annealing is:

Spheroidizing annealing of high-carbon chromium bearing steel is to obtain the microstructure with fine, uniform and round carbide particles evenly distributed on ferrite matrix, which prepares for later cold working and final quenching and tempering.

3. Turning processing Turning processing is a semi-finished processing of bearing rings, which can also be said to be forming processing.

(1) The main function of turning is:

(a) Make the machined ferrule have the same shape as the final product.

Create favorable conditions for subsequent grinding.

(2) Turning method:

(a) Centralized machining method: all small batch production of turning machining is completed on one equipment.

(b) Decentralized process method: batch production of a turning process is completed on one device.

4. Heat treatment Heat treatment is the key processing procedure to improve the internal quality of bearings.

(1) The main functions of heat treatment are:

(a) Heat treatment can change the structure of materials and improve their mechanical properties.

(b) Improve the internal quality (wear resistance, strength and toughness) of the bearing, thereby improving the service life of the bearing.

(2) Heat treatment method: The heat treatment process of high-carbon chromium bearing steel includes quenching and low-temperature tempering.

5. Grinding processing Grinding processing is the last process in the processing of bearing rings and rollers, which is called finished product processing.

(1) The main functions of grinding are:

(a) Make the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the ferrule meet the design requirements.

Provide qualified rings for bearing assembly.

(2) Grinding processing method: Generally, decentralized processing method is used for processing, or multiple devices can be connected to form a production line through feeding and discharging devices to improve production efficiency.

Second, the processing method of bearing ball

1. embryo making: various spherical blanks are made by various technological methods.

2. Rough grinding: put the spherical blank into upper and lower concentric grinding discs with triangular grinding grooves with the same size, add grinding oil and coarse abrasive, and the upper grinding disc rotates while the lower grinding disc does not move.

3. Cleaning: After each rough grinding, the grinding oil and coarse abrasive residue stuck on the ball surface should be cleaned.

4. Fine grinding: put the rough grinding blank into a fine grinding machine, and add low-viscosity ultra-fine grinding oil and fine abrasive to grind to the standard size. 5. Polishing: The process is similar to rough grinding and fine grinding.

Third, bearing assembly

Bearing assembly is the last process of bearing production, which has an important influence on bearing performance. According to different technical requirements, the parts processed by various processes (outer ring, inner ring, roller and cage) are assembled into bearing products with various precision, clearance and other special requirements.

The above is the processing method of ball bearing, and improving the process of each link in the processing program can effectively improve the product quality.