What are agricultural products?

What are agricultural products?

Agricultural products are items produced in agriculture, such as sorghum, rice, peanuts, corn, wheat and local specialties of various regions. The state stipulates that primary agricultural products refer to plants, animals and their products obtained from agricultural activities, excluding various types of processed products. The following is what I have compiled as a special agricultural product, I hope it can help everyone. What are agricultural specialty products

Agricultural products

Pinyin

[nóngchǎnpǐn][1]

Chinese explanation

That is, agricultural products, such as sorghum, peanuts, corn, wheat, etc.

English explanation

farmproduce

Product data

According to Xinhua News Agency Nationwide Agricultural and sideline products and price trends are systematically monitored. Compared with the previous day, on January 8, 2013, the prices of meat, eggs, and flour increased; the prices of edible oils mainly increased; the prices of fruits and aquatic products fluctuated slightly; rice, Milk prices are basically stable.

For the first time, China became its number one export market for the entire fiscal year. The U.S. Department of Agriculture predicts that agricultural exports to China and Canada will each be $19 billion in the current fiscal year. China's massive purchases of U.S. cotton have attracted attention over the past year. China purchased 900,000 tons of U.S. cotton in mid-October and is believed to be the unnamed buyer who purchased 1.25 million tons of cotton in March.

China is the world’s second largest cotton producer after the United States, and the United States is the world’s largest cotton exporter. Overall, U.S. agricultural exports hit a record in fiscal year 2011, with exports reaching US$137.4 billion. Exports in fiscal year 2012, which started on October 1, are expected to reach US$137 billion. The main export markets are China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, the European Union and South Korea.

Among the 21 types of vegetables monitored, the prices of 13 increased, 5 decreased, and 3 remained the same; the price of ordinary fresh eggs increased by 0.2%; the prices of pork rump and pork belly both increased by 0.3%. ; The prices of beef tendon and beef brisket increased by 0.3% and 0.2% respectively, while the price increases of boneless fresh mutton and bone-in fresh mutton were less than 0.1%; the prices of standard one powder and special one powder increased by 0.5% and 0.4% respectively.

It has played a huge role in promoting agricultural development, increasing farmers' income, and protecting farmers' interests. It is not only the basic organizational form of my country's modern agricultural management system, but also a market tool for farmers who join cooperatives, enabling them to Get the most benefit from the market.

There are 950,700 farmer cooperatives nationwide, with 72.21 million members, accounting for 27.8% of the total number of farmers. The number of model cooperatives at all levels across the country has exceeded 100,000, and there are nearly 20,000 cooperatives carrying out internal credit cooperation. There are more than 5,600 joint cooperatives and 2,554 federations. At the same time, 14,900 cooperatives have set up 23,000 direct sales stores in 27,000 communities, benefiting 75 million people.

Farmer cooperatives are changing from quantitative growth to a direction that places equal emphasis on quantity growth and quality improvement, from focusing on joint production to integrated management of production, processing and marketing, and from single factor cooperation to labor, technology, capital, land and other changes in the direction of multi-factor cooperation. However, there are still many problems existing in farmers' cooperatives in our country, which need to be paid great attention to, otherwise they will restrict the development of modern agricultural management system.

China is a large agricultural country. Agriculture is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood and is a pillar industry of the national economy. In 1995, China's gross agricultural production exceeded the one trillion yuan mark; since entering the 21st century, the gross agricultural production has grown at an average annual rate of more than 10%, reaching 4,771.2 billion yuan in 2011. With the steady growth of agricultural GDP, China's agricultural production and management level has steadily increased, and farmers' living standards have steadily improved.

While agricultural industrialization is developing rapidly, the scale of China's agricultural product processing industry is expanding rapidly, and the number of processing enterprises is increasing with good operating benefits. In 2004, there were approximately 9,318 agricultural product processing enterprises above designated size in my country; by 2011, this number had increased to 20,187, an increase of 166.45%.

According to statistics, in 2011, my country's agricultural products processing industry above designated size achieved a total industrial output value of 4,413.238 billion yuan; the agricultural product processing industry above designated size achieved sales revenue of 4,389.610 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 33.23%; the total profit of agricultural product processing industry above designated size 237.296 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 40.80%.

Primary products

The state stipulates that primary agricultural products refer to planting, animal husbandry, and fishery products, excluding various types of processed products. Includes:

Tobacco leaves. It is a product made from the leaves of various tobaccos. Due to different processing methods, it is divided into sun-cured tobacco leaves, air-cured tobacco leaves and flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Sun-cured tobacco leaves refer to tobacco leaves that are dried in the open air using solar energy; air-cured tobacco leaves refer to tobacco leaves that are naturally dried in a drying room; flue-cured tobacco leaves (except re-cured tobacco leaves) refer to tobacco leaves that are baked in a curing room Into tobacco leaves.

Mao tea. It refers to the tea that is initially made from the fresh leaves and buds (i.e. tea greens) picked from the tea tree, which are dried, kneaded, fermented, and dried.

Edible fungi. It refers to naturally grown and artificially cultivated edible fungi, including fresh goods, dry goods, and fresh goods and dry goods that agricultural producers use the products they grow and pick to continue simple preservation, drying, and packaging.

Melons, fruits, and vegetables. Refers to naturally grown and artificially cultivated melons, fruits, and vegetables, including melons, dried fruits, and pickled products that are continuously and simply processed by agricultural producers using the products they grow and pick (except for preserves made from melons, fruits, and vegetables) ).

Flowers and seedlings. It refers to flowers and seedlings that grow naturally or are artificially cultivated and maintained in a natural growth state.

Medicinal materials. It refers to medicinal materials grown naturally and cultivated artificially. It does not include processed products processed by Chinese medicinal materials or Chinese patent medicine manufacturers through cutting, frying, baking, baking, fumigating, steaming, packaging and other processes.

Grain and oil crops. Refers to wheat, rice (including japonica, indica, and yuangu), soybeans, miscellaneous grains (including corn, mung beans, adzuki beans, broad beans, peas, buckwheat, barley, yuanmai, oats, sorghum, millet, and rice kernels), fresh Potato, dried potato, peanut, peanut kernel, sesame, rapeseed, cottonseed, sunflower seed, castor seed, palm seed, other seeds.

Livestock, poultry, beasts, insects, reptiles, amphibians

1. Raw hides of cowhide, pigskin, sheepskin and other animals;

2. Livestock , poultry, and animal hair refer to unprocessed animal hair and feathers;

3. Live poultry, live livestock, live insects, amphibians, such as pigs, vegetable cattle, vegetable sheep, bullfrogs, etc. ;

4. Light poultry and fresh eggs. Bare poultry refers to the bare poultry that agricultural producers use to slaughter and remove their feathers from their own live poultry without dividing them;

5. Products produced by the animals themselves or their ancillary products, such as: cocoons, bird's nests, and deer antlers , bezoar, bee milk, musk, snake venom, fresh milk, etc.;

6. Other terrestrial animals except the above-mentioned animals.

Aquatic products

1. Fresh water products. A collective name for freshwater animals and plants.

2. Seawater products. A general term for marine animals and plants.

3. Tidal flat culture products. It is a variety of animals and plants that are cultivated on tidal flats.

Aquatic products include simple freezing, pickling and naturally dried products that are continuously processed by agricultural producers after harvesting.

Forestry products

1. Logs. It refers to cutting down the branches, tips or peeling of felled trees, and then sawing them into wood sections of different lengths according to the prescribed standards.

2. Original bamboo. It refers to the bamboo section after cutting down the bamboo and cutting off the branches, tips and leaves.

3. Logs and raw bamboo scraps. Refers to the bark, roots, branches, shrub strips, tips, leaves, etc. after felling logs and original bamboos.

4. Raw lacquer and natural resin. It is the secretion of lacquer trees, including large wood lacquer collected from wild lacquer trees and small wood lacquer collected from cultivated lacquer trees;

Natural resin refers to the secretions of woody plants, including rosin and shellac , Arabic gum, Cuban gum, tragacanth gum, Danish gum, natural rubber, etc.

5. Other forestry by-products other than the above.

Other plants

1. Cotton refers to unprocessed lint, cotton linters, and seed cotton;

2. Hemp refers to unprocessed lint, cotton linters, and seed cotton; Processed raw hemp and ningma;

3. Willow, mat grass, rush;

4. Other plants.

The agricultural products listed in Articles 1 to 11 above should include seeds, seedlings, saplings, bamboo seedlings, breeding livestock, breeding poultry, breeding eggs, seedlings or seeds (seedlings) of aquatic products, and edible fungi. Bacteria, flower seeds, etc.

Nutritional value

Different agricultural products have different nutritional values. < /p>

1. Operators have excess production capacity but cannot expand sales through product improvement and strengthening sales efforts, so they can only consider price reduction measures.

2. Under competitive pressure, operators are forced to expand market share through price cuts.

3. The operator’s production costs are lower than those of other competitors.

4. Competitors take price reduction measures.

5. Product demand is highly elastic, and lowering prices can expand demand.

6. Economic situation. In a deflationary situation, market value increases and the overall price level decreases, so price reduction measures should be taken.

Price trends

Price trends of major agricultural products in 2017

1. Cereals:

High-quality rations may dominate the market

Looking forward to 2017, as inventory levels are still high, my country's grain supply will continue to be abundant, which will have a certain suppressive effect on prices. The overall trend is weak and stable, but the price of high-quality rations and special corn will still remain stable. Upside may dominate the grain market. It is expected that the corn area will continue to decrease in 2017 due to declining income, while the ration area will increase steadily due to policy support. The consumption-oriented supply-side structural reform has brought business opportunities for high-quality, special-purpose cereal varieties. It is expected that in the future, grain production will transition from quantity to quality, and the sown area of ??high-quality, special-purpose varieties will expand. In terms of consumption, as people's awareness of healthy food increases, the consumption of high-quality rice noodles and special corn is increasing.

On the other hand, corn consumption, mainly for feeding, will resume double-digit growth. Compared with developed countries, my country's corn industrial consumption still has much room for growth. It is expected that corn consumption will resume rapid growth and will drive grain consumption to continue to grow.

2. Cotton:

Prices may fall

In 2016, my country's cotton output fell to about 4.7 million tons for the fourth consecutive year. In terms of consumption, from January to November 2016, my country's total textile and apparel exports decreased to US$239.6 billion, and the domestic cotton consumption market was slightly weak.

Looking forward to 2017, due to the increase in production in major producing countries such as the United States and Australia in 2016/17, the international cotton supply and demand situation is loose. Domestic new cotton, industrial stocks and imported cotton provide sufficient supply for the market before the reserve cotton rolls out. The reserve of more than 9 million tons also lays the foundation for active market regulation during the sell-off period. Against this background, the cotton price increase in 2016 may be short-lived, and cotton prices are expected to fall back in 2017. The market trend will depend on three aspects: first, how to balance the cotton production support policies between Xinjiang and the mainland; second, whether the sliding tax quota will be issued again; third, the government's specific operation of rotating in and out of cotton reserves.

3. Soybeans:

The planting area continues to grow

Looking forward to 2017, the adjustment of structural policies will continue to be implemented and the price ratio of soybeans and corns will increase. Corn planting in Northeast production areas Affected by factors such as the weakening of benefit advantages, it is expected that the soybean planting area will continue to increase in 2017. From a demand perspective, pig breeding profits remain optimistic in the first half of 2017. Coupled with the acceleration of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, the addition of soybean meal to feed will remain at a high proportion, driving a steady increase in soybean crushing consumption. However, as domestic soybean production continues to recover and grow, the amount entering the crushing field will increase, which will offset part of soybean imports. It is expected that soybean imports will remain stable in 2017.

4. Oils and fats:

The price is not optimistic.

Due to the sharp drop in prices and the obvious decline in farmers’ planting income, which affects the sown area, the rapeseed output in 2016 was the highest in the past five years. first decline.

It is expected that in 2017, the sown area of ??winter rapeseed may continue to decrease due to the lack of significant recovery in planting income. Rapeseed oil continues to be sold and stored, and the structural adjustment of the "Sickle Bend" planting industry has increased the domestic supply of sunflower seeds, peanuts and other oil crops. China and Canada have reached consensus on new regulations on impurities in Canadian rapeseed imported from China, and rapeseed imports are expected to increase in the new year. In addition, global palm oil production may recover, and it is expected that edible oil seeds and vegetable oils are unlikely to rise significantly.

Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products" was promulgated by the 20th Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. It was adopted at a meeting on April 29, 2006 and came into effect on November 1, 2006.

This law is enacted to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, safeguard public health, and promote the development of agriculture and rural economy.

The agricultural products referred to in this Law refer to primary products derived from agriculture, that is, plants, animals, microorganisms and their products obtained in agricultural activities.

The term “quality and safety of agricultural products” as used in this Law means that the quality of agricultural products meets the requirements for protecting human health and safety.

"Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Law of the People's Republic of China"

Chapter 2 Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Standards

Article 11 The State Establishes and Improves Agricultural Product Quality Safety standards system. Agricultural product quality and safety standards are mandatory technical specifications.

The formulation and promulgation of agricultural product quality and safety standards shall be implemented in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 12 When formulating quality and safety standards for agricultural products, the results of quality and safety risk assessments of agricultural products shall be fully considered, and the opinions of agricultural product producers, sellers and consumers shall be listened to to ensure consumption safety.

Article 13 The quality and safety standards of agricultural products shall be revised in a timely manner according to the level of scientific and technological development and the needs of agricultural product quality and safety.

Article 14 The quality and safety standards for agricultural products shall be organized and implemented by the agricultural administrative department in consultation with relevant departments.

Related information

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At present, it can be seen that most agricultural e-commerce companies are still selling goods to rural areas. Only a few agricultural Internet companies, led by Shenzhen.com, are deeply cultivating the upstream of agricultural products, going deep into toB business, and helping farmers sell their products. goods, and provides a market platform for agricultural products to provide farmers with information guidance, thereby arousing farmers' attention to the agricultural Internet.

Henan’s agricultural specialties include bucket chicken, Luoyang palace lanterns, Luoyang Tang tricolor, Luoyang peony cakes, Dajing dates, etc.

1. Bucket Chicken: It is a famous specialty dish of Kaifeng. It is famous for its bright yellow color, salty, tender and crispy, fat but not greasy, and the more you chew, the more fragrant it becomes. The main ingredient is chicken, and the main cooking technique is boiling.

2. Luoyang Palace Lantern is a unique traditional handicraft and a common decoration during the Lantern Festival. There are many varieties and strong local characteristics. Common ones include white hat square lanterns, red gauze round lanterns, six-color faucet lanterns, revolving door lanterns, butterfly lanterns, two dragons playing with beads lanterns, Arhat lanterns, etc.

3. Luoyang Tang Sancai: Tang Sancai is a treasure of Chinese ceramic firing technology. It is a kind of low-temperature glazed pottery produced in the Tang Dynasty. The glaze colors include yellow, green, white, brown, blue, black and other colors. The three main colors are yellow, green and white, so people are accustomed to calling them "Tang Sancai". Because Tang Sancai was the earliest and most unearthed in Luoyang, it is also known as "Luoyang Tang Sancai".

4. Luoyang Peony Cake: Luoyang Peony Cake is a delicious local snack that belongs to Henan cuisine. According to legend, it is related to Wu Zetian. It uses beans as the main ingredient to make pastries, which are crisp and soft. It has the functions of promoting human metabolism, lowering cholesterol and preventing cell aging.

5. Dajing jujube: It is a special traditional food in Kaifeng City and is well-known. It is a must-have food during the Spring Festival. Dajing jujube was called "polygonum flower" in ancient times. It is made from high-quality glutinous rice, powdered sugar, maltose, vegetable oil, etc., through several processes of making, frying, pulping, and mixing with powdered sugar. ;