Asking for documents: 20 12 answers to the Chinese entrance examination of ten schools in Jiangnan.

(Examination time: 201March 10 in the morning)

Volume 1 (Reading Question ***66 points)

I (9 points)

Read the following text and complete 1 ~ 3 questions.

Since the Western Enlightenment, personality, human rights, freedom and dignity have always been important concepts that have attracted much attention. Within the liberal camp, nussbaum is one of the scholars who reflect on liberalism itself from the feminist perspective. On the one hand, nussbaum insisted on the universal principles of equality, justice and dignity, and thought that the free thought should be compatible with feminist thought. She pointed out that the core of the tradition of liberal political thought is a double intuition of human beings: all people, no matter what social class they belong to, have equal dignity and value. The basic source of this value is the power to make moral choices between the two, and the power to plan life according to one's own evaluation of needs. In connection with this, people's moral equality enables them to achieve social and political equality, provided that the freedom of choice and the value of people as choosers are respected and enhanced.

On the other hand, on the question of what is human rights, nussbaum and the pioneers of liberalism have different views, which she questioned from the perspective of gender. Nussbaum once reflected and reviewed Rawls and other contemporary liberal theorists' basic views on human rights, and thought that the concept of "human rights" put forward by liberal predecessors was questionable, because it could easily become a part of male-dominated discourse and be integrated into the gender oppression mechanism in the whole social structure at the social practice level. This contradicts the social justice demanded by liberalism. Therefore, nussbaum challenged the so-called public space and private space advocated by liberalism. She believes that liberalism insists on making a strict distinction between private space and public space, but classifies families into private space for no reason, and advocates that the state and laws should not interfere in private space, including families. However, if the relationship and affairs between husband and wife cannot be regarded as public space, then the concepts of individual rights and justice will lose their effectiveness in the so-called private space, and it is precisely in this field that gender is crucial. Liberalism defines private space and public space in this way, which leads to an obvious question, that is, does domestic violence violate human rights and justice? Therefore, nussbaum pointed out that philosophy and law must reinterpret human rights on the basis of considering gender, and must re-understand and define what is private space and what is public space. Only in this way can liberalism make an effective and reasonable explanation for social problems such as domestic violence and gender violence.

In fact, John, the pioneer of liberalism? Mill has seen the great setback of gender issues to social justice, and made a very detailed analysis of how society oppresses women from the angles of law, family and emotion. His exposition also had an inestimable influence on feminism in Europe and North America in the19th century. Strangely, the founders of contemporary liberal political theory in Britain and America, such as Rawls, just ignored the gender issue. On this basis, nussbaum thinks that many universalist arguments in Rawls' A Theory of Justice are untenable, because there are gender blind spots in the basic concepts of philosophy. Charles, the representative of communitarianism? Although Taylor talked about gender issues many times, he often didn't take gender factors into account when discussing basic philosophical concepts. Therefore, nussbaum emphasized that feminism should broaden its thinking, not confine its knowledge and thinking to the scope of contemporary ideological resources, but proceed from the source of liberalism and grasp the concepts of freedom and justice as a whole, which requires a new interpretation of Mill; At the same time, rights and individuals, as the cornerstones of liberalism theory, are also recognized by gender.

Nussbaum clearly pointed out that human rights thought can actually be interpreted as a reflection of moral standards. In principle, human rights should be everyone's business.

(Excerpted from "With Hannah" by Chen Wei? Arendt's erudite woman (with deletion)

1. The most accurate understanding of "it" in the underlined sentence in the second paragraph is (3 points).

A. The pioneers of liberalism have reflected and reviewed "what is human rights" and other issues.

B Rawls and other contemporary liberal theorists have preconceived the concept of basic human rights.

C. The concept of basic human rights defined by liberal predecessors is problematic and controversial.

D there is a gender blind spot in the concept of basic human rights put forward by liberal predecessors.

2. The following understanding of the original content is incorrect (3 points).

A. nussbaum pointed out that only by respecting and promoting the value of people as choosers can social and political equality be guaranteed for all.

B nussbaum thinks that the family is classified into private space for no reason, and it is difficult to reasonably explain domestic violence and gender violence.

C. nussbaum thinks that John. Mill grasped the concepts of freedom and justice better than Rawls and Charles? Taylor and others are more predictive.

Denussbaum pointed out that human rights thought can be explained by "the reflection of moral standards". In principle, human rights should be everyone's business.

3. The following summary of the author's views in the original text, the correct one is (3 points)

A any kind of free thought should not conflict with feminist thought, which is a universal principle adhered to by nussbaum.

Reinterpreting the concepts of human rights and justice from a gender perspective is the focus of nussbaum's reflection on liberalism itself.

C. Re-understanding and defining what is private space and what is public space is the starting point of nussbaum's questioning.

D. lead us to reinterpret John, the pioneer of liberalism? Mill is the most valuable research achievement of nussbaum.

Two. (32 points)

Read the following classical Chinese and complete questions 4 ~ 7.

Gong said, "outsiders call master argumentative. How dare you ask? "

Mencius said, "Is it argumentative? I have to do this. The world is born for a long time, and one rule and one chaos. When Yao was in power, the flood was rampant in China, a land of snakes and dragons, and people were in dire straits.

"Yao Shun didn't, the sage failed, and the tyrant took over. The bad palace thinks that the water in the pool is dirty and the people are restless; Abandoning a field for a garden will leave people without food and clothing. There are many fallacies and heresies, many atrocities, many gardens, many dirty pools, and many animals come. And the body of Zhou, the world is in chaos. Duke Zhou killed the king of Wu, destroyed the country by 50, and drove away the tiger, leopard and rhinoceros, which made the world happy.

"The decline of the world, heretical atrocities, I kill the monarch, son killed his father. Confucius was afraid and wrote Spring and Autumn Annals. " Spring and Autumn Annals is also about the son of heaven. Therefore, Confucius said,' Those who know me are only the Spring and Autumn Annals! The only person who blames me is Chunqiu!

"Holy king inaction, princes, Chu Shi horizontal discussion, Yang Zhu, all over the world. If the words in the world don't belong to Yang, they belong to Mo. Yang, for me, there is no gentleman; Mohist universal love is fatherless. No father, no king, all animals. The palace said,' There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This causes wild animals to eat each other. Yang Mo's way is endless, while Confucius's way is endless. It is heresy to falsely accuse the people and fill righteousness. I'm afraid of this, and I'm free. I am far away from Yang Mo, and I am not allowed to make obscene remarks and heresy. Doing it in his heart is harmful to his business; Doing what it does is harmful to its politics. I said it's not easy to resurrect a saint.

"Yesterday, the danger of flood suppression, the world is flat. Duke Zhou and Yidi drive away animals, and the people are better. Confucius became the Spring and Autumn Annals, and traitors and traitors were all afraid. I also want to be upright, stop heresy, stay away from the (2) line, and play dirty jokes to inherit the Three Saints. Can we argue? I have to do this. It is also a saint who can speak from Yang Mo. "

(selected from Mencius? Teng Wengong's chapters and sentences, abridged)

Attention 1 laziness: defending. 2: biased.

4. The explanation of the words added in the following sentences is incorrect (3 points).

A. the world is born for a long time, and one rule and one chaos: rule.

B. Confucius was afraid. He wrote fear in Spring and Autumn Annals: anxiety.

C. Those who offend me only commit Spring and Autumn Annals: they deserve it.

D. it is not easy for saints to rise again. I can easily say: change.

5. Among the following sentences, the one with the same meaning and usage is (3 points).

A snakes and dragons live in it, and the people have nothing to decide. They were robbed by the power accumulated by the Qin people.

B. Bad Palace thinks that Dirty Chiqin didn't give Zhao the city.

C. People who know me only know Spring and Autumn Annals, but they are tired of luggage.

D. drive away wild animals, and people would rather ponder than exist.

6. The following analysis and summary of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect (3 points).

A Mencius believed that he was forced to argue, and he used it to show his attitude and promote the Confucian thought of "benevolent governance".

B Mencius summarized the theories of Yang Mo and Mozi as "no monarch" and "no father", and compared them to the heresy of traitors and villains, believing that their harm was greater than that of animals.

C Mencius advocates correcting people's minds, eliminating heresies, opposing extremes and criticizing heresies, which conforms to the wishes of the people and the laws of social development.

D Mencius believed that there would be no peace without Dayu, people would become barbarians without Confucius, and people would be confused without Duke Zhou.

7. Turn underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (10)

(1) Outsiders call Master argumentative. What dare you ask?

Translation:

(2) In Yao Shun's absence, the sage's way declined and the tyrant took its place.

Translation:

(3) Yang Mo's way is endless, while Confucius's way is endless. It is heresy to falsely accuse the people and fill righteousness.

Translation:

Read the following words and complete questions 8 ~ 9.

Selling flowers? Yuhuatai ①

[Qing] Zhu Yizun ②

Baimen Bay in Liuyuan, the tide hits the city, and the small long stalks meet the big long stalks. Song ban qi scattered, fishing rod left.

In the Six Dynasties, the grass was cold in autumn, and the flowers and rain in the altar were empty, leaving no one to lean on. Swallows come and go in the sunset.

Note ① Yuhuatai, that is, Yuhuatai in Nanjing today. Baimanwan, Dachanggan and Xiaochanggan are all in Nanjing. ② Zhu Yizun (1629 ~ 1709) was a poet in the early Qing dynasty.

8. How does this word express the author's thoughts and feelings? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)

9. This word uses a variety of expressive skills. Please give two examples, which will be appreciated. (4 points)

10. Fill in the blanks in the following famous sentences. (Optional five questions) (5 points)

(1) Honest people are open-minded, _ _ _. (The Analects of Confucius)

(2)___, not even thousands of miles. (Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning")

(3) knowing that death and life are false, _ _ _ _ _. (Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection)

(4) On the straight line leading to heaven, its vertex enters heaven, _ _. (Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in Dreams")

(5)____, and the village where the goddess of light was born and raised. (Du Fu's Ode to Monuments)

(6) Like reeds, _ _ _ _ _ _. (Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu)

(7)_ _ _ _ _ _ _, how to beat him, the wind comes late! (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voices")

(8)_______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ("Xin Qiji Water")

Three. (25 points)

Read the following text and complete 1 1 ~ 14.

Apricot moon

[Taiwan Province Province] Zhang Xiuya

Apricot moon crawls hard on the horizon, looking forward to climbing the treetops, cute as a child.

The air is hot, and the hot air that has been kept in the room for a day has not been exhausted. The electric fan turns in vain. The tropical fish in the glass jar on the table is lively and light, walking through the slender green algae, and the scales are shining with dazzling silver light. This is the only excellent decoration in the room. It was sent by a child. His face sparkled with youthful brilliance. He put the tank of tropical fish on the table and said, "Here you are! Maybe this will relieve you of boredom! " The silver light on the fish scales flickered in the twilight, flickered for a while, then dimmed and flashed again ... Isn't this the hope of life, she thought? But how long can these tiny spots shine before people's eyes?

The apricot moon gradually climbed to the wall, and the faint light shone into the room, and the shadow in the room moved away to let the cold moonlight in.

The voices in the street outside the door began to be noisy, and more and more people went outdoors to enjoy the cool. Some people flock to street corners and further avenues. Their voices sound like bubbling boiling water, but through the window, those "scattered" patterned figures are also like some bubbles-big bubbles, small bubbles, some silver bubbles reflecting moonlight, some black bubbles hidden in the dark, and they sometimes interact with each other. Suddenly there came a sharp and careless voice: "The moon is so big. The snapshot is just above our heads. " Followed by a burst of laughter, old, sad, and childish, almost crazy: "Are you afraid of the moon?"

The tropical fish in the glass jar swam towards the densest water plants. The noisy voices and laughter in the street were temporarily silent. The person who practices oral sex is always that deep voice, repeating, repeating, and never getting excited again. The moon seems to be hovering in the same place, and the wings of light are flying everywhere.

There was a parking sound outside the door, like someone walking to the door ... She held her breath and listened. That's just an illusion in her ear. No car stopped and no one answered the door. Only the approaching moonlight came.

The moonlight is bright again, apricot yellow, like the shirt she wore in those days. How long has it been hidden at the bottom of the box? She doesn't remember. Without turning on the light, she read the letter from her old classmate on the desk again in the moonlight. Finally, her eyes rested on the sentence with stars: "I may pass by you recently, and I may visit you when I have time." Maybe ... maybe ... the smile on her face just passed away, just like the scales of tropical fish, which were covered by aquatic plants for a long time. Water plants! Yes, she felt that there were dense aquatic plants in her heart, which covered up the shining scales and hopes in her heart. She folded the letter discontentedly and stuffed it in some old letters at the bottom of the drawer.

The low flute sound came again, faint, like a firefly wandering around with a weak flame, flying to her heart, and she wanted to catch it ... Yes, she had already caught it, and the sound had been shaking in her heart, and it was faintly lit like a firefly.

She seems to have gone back in time. She is walking briskly on campus in that apricot shirt. Everything seems to be shining, there are no aquatic plants ... Yes, everything is bright and beautiful, and there is no shadow of aquatic plants on the bright water. Young tropical fish walk happily in fresh and cool water. There was no noise from the ears, windows or streets. When girls talk, they don't say so many "maybe, maybe". They just walked in the garden with their bare hands, admiring the dill on the white flower stand. "It's like pleasure and death." She remembered that one of them said so at that time-it was near the blooming dill and midsummer in July. In fact, what is pleasure and what is death, she didn't understand at that time, and because of this, she felt mysterious and beautiful.

She thinks she will never understand the meaning of the previous noun. She opened her eyes, and the big round moon was smiling at her from the window, adding an apricot coat to her. "A shirt that never fades." She sighed.

The moonlight shines on the glass fish tank on the table, and the tropical fish inside are motionless. In that small world with many aquatic plants, they have all gone to sleep. The whimpering flute is no longer audible, and the piper may have fallen asleep. The night is getting colder and colder, as cold as well water. ...

She stood at the window, breathing the cool air. She feels like a tropical fish, floating in this fish tank all day, drawing different circles and arcs of different lengths. She stretched out her arms and drew a circle toward the night sky. Apricot Moon couldn't help smiling at her. This smile is like a sound, the sound of a light metal sheet, and it is very loud.

(Selected from forty essays in Taiwan Province Province, with some deletion)

1 1. Besides apricots and Huangyue, what other meaningful things did the article write? Please make a brief summary. (6 points)

12. Explain the meaning of the following two sentences. (6 points)

(1) She thought she would never understand the meaning of the previous noun.

(2) This smile seems to have a sound, it is the sound of light metal fragments, and it is crisp.

13. Please analyze the function of "she" in reading letters from old classmates in the text from the aspects of structure and content. (5 points)

14. The title of the article is Apricot Yellow Moon, which is written in many places. Please talk about your understanding of the role of apricot yellow moon in the article. (8 points)

Volume 2 (emoticon ***84 points)

Four. (24 points)

15. Among the following groups of words, the group without typos is (3 points).

A. It is located in a place where the steam is listless, the running water does not rot, and the family does not bite.

B.you can't stop pointing at the best videos.

C. impatience motto is unstoppable. Don't say anything, go your own way.

D. Concerto of Despair In all fairness, many people received rave reviews and accumulated them.

16. Among the following sentences, the one with inappropriate idioms is (3 points).

A. "Driving without drinking, drinking without driving" and "A drop of wine for the driver, two tears for the relatives". Faced with these slogans, some drivers don't care, and only regret it after a traffic accident.

B. Mr. Wang Xiao participated in the independent college entrance examination on 20 12 and achieved excellent results. However, whether he chooses to go to Tsinghua or Fudan, he still seems a little shortsighted.

C. After the central government's decision on deepening rural system reform and promoting rural urbanization was promulgated, a series of policies related to accelerating rural social development and building a new socialist countryside were put into practice.

D. When China people call for the return of honesty and strive to build a good moral system, if every citizen can meet Si Qi and practice it, we will make continuous progress and the society will be more harmonious!

17. According to the context, the following four sentences are arranged in order of tone from strong to euphemistic, and the correct one is (3 points).

Some experts pointed out that it is definitely not feasible to build a harmonious socialist society only by considering economic benefits and ignoring social benefits.

If you study the expert's opinion carefully, everyone will find it reasonable.

(2) Do you think it is reasonable to study the opinions of experts carefully?

Seriously study the opinions of experts, can you say it is unreasonable?

(4) After careful study of the opinions of experts, no one will find it unreasonable.

A.③①②④b .③④②①c .④②①③d .③④①②

18. Four of the following five sentences are wrong. Please write the wrong sentence number first, and then modify it. (4 points)

The Sixth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made detailed provisions and profound theoretical and policy explanations on how to further deepen the reform of the cultural system and promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture.

② In order to prevent all kinds of cheating in exams from happening again, education authorities at all levels have actively taken practical and effective measures, continuously intensified publicity and education, and put electronic equipment into examination rooms, which has achieved good results.

(3) The timely regulation and control of relevant policies of the national real estate industry such as market development, bank loans and sales links has provided a strong guarantee for the healthy development of the real estate industry and even the rise of the whole economy.

With the development of economy and the enhancement of comprehensive national strength, it has become the firm pursuit of local governments at all levels to continuously improve people's living standards and meet people's growing spiritual and cultural needs.

⑤ In view of the outstanding safety problems in coal mines, local safety departments have taken the initiative to strengthen the mechanism construction, enhance the safety awareness of employees, and improve their self-help and safety protection capabilities in emergencies.

Revision of serial number

19. Read the following text and then answer this question. (5 points)

(1) Please change "Wanjiang City Belt Undertaking Industrial Transfer Demonstration Zone is such a demonstration zone with obvious location advantages, abundant labor resources and great potential for sustainable development" into a long single sentence.

(2) A composer asked a famous music master for advice with his own music. While listening to the performance, the master kept taking off his hat. After the performance, the composer quickly asked, "Master, is it too hot in the room?" The master said, "It's not hot. I have the habit of taking off my hat when I meet acquaintances. I met so many' acquaintances' in your music that I had to take off my hat again and again. "

The "subtext" in the words of music masters is:

20. The following is a passage on the publicity column of a school with the theme of "Thanksgiving". Please copy the appropriate sentences on the horizontal line according to the context. (6 points)

The poet said: flowers have pushed open the door of spring. Facing the topic of "gratitude", we feel that-

Gratitude pushes the door of harmony, and harmony pushes the door of life. As long as you listen to the sound of flowers, life is full of harmonious music.

Gratitude pushes the door of happiness, and happiness pushes the door of the future. ( 1) , 。

(2) , ; , 。

Gratitude pushes open the door of warmth, and warmth pushes open the door of emotion: as long as you listen attentively to the sound of water, emotion is full of warm beats.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) (60 points)

2 1. Please write an article of not less than 800 words on the topic of "passing by".

Note (1) Self-determination. 2 choose your own style, except poetry. (3) Do not copy or set. ④ Don't disclose personal information. ⑤ Write standard and use punctuation correctly.

20 12 "Jiangnan Ten Schools" Senior Three Entrance Examination in Anhui Province

Chinese test paper reference answer

1.d (From the content of the second sentence of the second paragraph, we can see that the concept of basic human rights put forward by "liberal predecessors theorists" has a blind spot in gender, and it is "easy to become a part of male-dominated discourse and integrate into the gender oppression mechanism in the whole social structure at the social practice level", so it is "worth questioning and discussing". Item d is the most accurate. )

(The original text is only sure of John? Mill "has seen the importance of gender issues to social justice and made a very detailed analysis of how society oppresses women from the angles of law, family and emotion", which inspires us to "grasp the concepts of freedom and justice as a whole from the source of liberalism", but we can't get "John? Mill grasped the concepts of freedom and justice better than Rawls and Charles? Taylor and others are more predictive, so item C is not accurate. )

3. B (item A is wrong, "it is a universal principle adhered to by nussbaum" is problematic, and there is the word "and" in the original sentence; Item b is accurate, and this is the main point of this paper; The explanation of item C "is the starting point of nussbaum's questioning" is wrong; Item D "is the most valuable research achievement of nussbaum" misjudges the academic research value of nussbaum. )

4.a (peace, peace. )

5. B (item A, suo+verb/for ... suo, passive; Item b, preposition, putC item, modal adverb, untranslatable/pronoun, he; Item d, conjunction, therefore/conjunction, and. )

6.d (it should be "without Duke Zhou, people will become barbaric first, without Confucius, people will become chaotic." )

7.( 1) People say you like to debate. Why?

(2) After Yao Shun's death, the way of sages declined, and brutal monarchs appeared one after another (handed down from generation to generation).

(3) Yang Zhu's and Mo Zhai's theories are not limited (spread), while Confucius's theories are not obvious, and evil words deceive people and block benevolence and righteousness.

8. Nostalgia for the past hurts the present. The poet saw the sparse scene of Jinling City, the desolate and deserted Yuhuatai, and thought of its once prosperity, and a feeling of contrast between the past and the present came to mind.

9.( 1) The scenery is lyrical. The poet chooses decadent and barren images such as willow, tide, autumn grass and sunset to express the feeling of the rise and fall of his country.

(2) allusions. For example, Liu Yuxi's Swallow at Sunset comes from Wuyi Xiang, and Li Yu's No One Leans on the Bar and No Place, So Jiangshan comes from Langtaosha, which is used by poets to express the prosperity of Jinling City in the past and the decline of modern people, expressing a sentimental feeling. (Others include White Gate Bay and Tide City. )

10.( 1) A petty man is anxious and worried. (2) Therefore, there is no accumulation. (3) The destruction of Peng Qi is an illusion. (4) Climb the Five Holy Peaks and cast a shadow across China. (5) Wan He approaches Jingmen. (6) Ling is at a loss. (7) Three cups and two light wines. (8) Water goes with the sky, and autumn is boundless.

1 1. Tropical fish symbolizing hope, apricot shirt symbolizing youth and vitality, slightly sad flute, covered with water plants (algae) of hope. (Just answer three correctly)

12.( 1) "Pre-noun" means pleasure. I enjoyed walking with my classmates in apricot shirts, and this kind of enjoyment will never happen again.

(2) The author imagines the smile of apricot yellow moon as the sound of light metal sheet, giving people a light and loud feeling. This sentence shows the author's confidence in life and hope for the future.

13. Structurally, she remembers the apricot shirt, which leads to the following "her" memories of college youth; In terms of content, emotion is born from the scene, and writing "she" is based on the faint sadness in front of us and the joy (pleasure) of become memories's past.

14.( 1) "apricot yellow moon" is a clue to writing; (2) Apricot Moon is a typical environment for plot development; (3) Apricot Yellow Moon is the trigger point of the author's emotion; (4) Apricot Moon conveys the author's thoughts on life-life is as calm as apricot Moon, with no ups and downs.

15.a (item b, extract-essence; Item c, block-when；; Item d, cancel-cancel. )

16.c (be vividly portrayed: refers to portraits, etc. , lifelike, as if he would come out of the painting when he was called. The description of characters in general literary works is very vivid. This is a misuse object; Item a, dismissive: don't take it to heart, indicating that you don't pay attention to it and don't take it seriously. Consistent with the context; Item B, both ends of the first mouse: indecisive or vacillating. Consistent with the context; Item d, do it yourself: experience it yourself and work hard to implement it. Consistent with the context. )

17.d (① a strong affirmative sentence; (2) Interrogative questions, in which positive and negative questions are used to express inquiry and discussion, and the tone is the most euphemistic; (3) the strongest rhetorical question; (4) Double negation with strong tone. )

18.

Revision of serial number

(a) the words "made detailed provisions and profound exposition in theory and policy" were changed to "made profound exposition in theory and made detailed provisions in policy" or "made detailed provisions in policy and made profound exposition in theory".

② Change "no longer" to "again"

④ Change "improving people's living standards" to "improving people's living standards" or "improving people's living standards"

⑤ Add "current situation" or "situation" after "outstanding problems"

19.( 1) The demonstration zone for undertaking industrial transfer in Wanjiang City Belt is a demonstration zone with obvious location advantages, abundant labor resources and great potential for sustainable development.

(2) "The work focuses on personal creation, and you can't copy other people's things" or "You copy too much".

20. Examples of answers:

(1) As long as you listen attentively to the sound of birds singing, there will be happy melodies everywhere in the future.

(2) Gratitude pushes the door of sincerity, and sincerity pushes the door of the soul; As long as you listen attentively to the sound of insects singing, your heart is full of sincere notes.

2 1. Refer to the composition scoring standard of the college entrance examination.

Classical Chinese reference translation

Gong Duzi asked, "People say you like to debate. Why? "

Mencius replied: "I don't like to argue, I have to argue!" " The country has been born for a long time, and it has always been peaceful and chaotic. In Yao's time, floods flooded, poisonous snakes and dragons occupied, and the people had no place to live.

"After the death of Yao Shun, the way of sages declined, and brutal monarchs appeared one after another. They destroy houses and use them as ponds for fun. People have no place to live and multiply. Destroy fertile land and turn it into a garden, leaving people without food and clothes. Evil speech and cruel behavior are on the rise again. There is more grass in the garden pond, and all kinds of animals are infested. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the world was in chaos again. Duke Zhou helped King Wu to crusade against Zhou Wang, wiped out 50 countries, and drove all tigers, leopards, rhinos and elephants to remote places. People were very happy.

"The world is declining, and evil remarks and cruel behaviors are on the rise again. Some soldiers and crabs will make an insurrection to kill the king, and some sons will kill their father unfilial. Confucius was very worried about this and wrote Spring and Autumn Annals. " "Spring and Autumn Annals" is about the great events of Heaven Emperor. So Confucius said,' Those who know me probably go through the Spring and Autumn Period, and those who complain about me probably go through the Spring and Autumn Period!'

"Sage monarch never appeared, governors unscrupulous, Chu Shi blather everywhere, Yang Zhu, Mo Zhai's remarks spread all over the world. The world theory belongs not to the Yang Zhu school, but to the Mo Zhai school. Yang Zhu only advocates for himself, which is madness; Mo Zhai advocates fraternity, which is rude to parents. People without parents and monarchs are animals. The palace said, "There is fat meat in the kitchen and fat horses in the stable, but the people are starving and some people are starving in the wild. This is probably like wild animals eating people! " Yang Zhu's and Mo Zhai's theories did not stop (spread), and Confucius's theories did not carry forward. In this way, evil words deceive the people and block righteousness. I was worried about this, so I came out to defend the way of sages, opposed the theories of Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai, and criticized absurd remarks, so that those evil remarks could not spread. Bad words come from the heart and will cause harm; If it is harmful to conduct, it will disrupt politics. Even if the saint is reborn, it will not change my point of view.

"In the past, Dayu controlled water and the world was at peace; The duke of Zhou annexed the righteous emperor to drive away all the beasts, and the people were at peace; Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn Annals", and the traitor was frightened when he heard it. I also want to correct people's thoughts, eliminate evil speech, oppose extreme behavior and criticize absurd speech, so as to inherit the cause of Dayu, Duke Zhou and Confucius. What do I like to argue about? I have to! Only saints can express their opposition to Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai.