What are logical subjects and logical objects in English? Give an example

Logical subjects: They are the performers or recipients of non-predicate verb actions; they have a logical subject-predicate or verb-object relationship, but they cannot directly be the subject of non-predicate verbs, so they are called logical subjects.

Example: She likes helping others. (she is the logical subject of helping)

In this sentence, the subject is the logical subject of the non-predicate verb, and there is a logical connection between them. Subject-predicate relationship or verb-object relationship.

Logical object: It is the subject in the sense of a non-predicate verb. Usually when the subject of the sentence is the logical object of the infinitive, it is often used in the reflective infinitive.

Example: The dinner is ready to eat. (The dinner is ready.)

In this sentence, the dinner is the subject of the sentence and the object of the infinitive.

Extended information:

In layman's terms, the logical subject is not necessarily the subject that appears in the sentence, but it is the person who can actually send out the action of the sentence. From a formal point of view, the independent structure of a participle is a phrase of a present participle or a past participle. If the structure itself does not have a subject, then the action of the participle must be an action that can be emitted by the subject of the sentence.

When it has a subject of its own, it can be inconsistent, and it becomes what we often call an independent nominative structure. The logical object is the "semantic object". Usually, when the subject of the sentence is the logical object of the infinitive, the passive form is used for the infinitive. Generally speaking, the pronoun in the attributive clause that serves to connect (guide) the modified word to the clause is called a relative pronoun.