In the battle of Changjin Lake, China still has 19 Corps available. Why did Chairman Mao choose the 9th Corps?

The Battle of Changjin Lake is a veritable "purgatory war" in the whole War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea!

1winter of 950,165438+1October, in order to crush MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" who tried to occupy the whole territory of Korea before Christmas, and end the dream of war, the Ninth Corps of the Volunteers was ordered to go to the battlefield of Changjin Lake on the eastern front where the temperature was MINUS 30-40 degrees.

Finally, after more than 20 days of hard fighting, the volunteers wiped out a whole regiment of the US military and successfully recovered a vast area to the east and north of the "38th parallel". The "United Nations Army" on the eastern front was forced to retreat to the south of the "38th parallel", thus reversing the Korean war situation in one fell swoop!

After the war, Mao Zedong spoke highly of this battle: "The Ninth Corps fought on the Eastern Front this time and completed a huge strategic task under extremely difficult conditions."

Although our volunteers won the final victory in the battle of Changjin Lake, there have been many controversies about this battle for many years. For example, the most typical question is: Why did Mao Zedong consider letting the Ninth Army fight this battle?

As we know, before the Korean War broke out, the Ninth Corps was stationed in the coastal areas of Fujian, and it was the main force of our People's Liberation Army to liberate Taiwan Province Province.

In addition, most of the officers and men of the regiment come from east and south China with mild climate, which is relatively suitable for temperate, tropical and coastal areas.

Changjin Lake area is located in the north of Korea, and the average temperature in winter is about MINUS 30 degrees Celsius, which belongs to a typical cold zone climate.

What's more, before the ninth corps entered the DPRK, it was the coldest weather in North Korea in 50 years, and the lowest temperature in Changjin Lake area reached MINUS 45 degrees Celsius.

Therefore, putting the Ninth Corps into this area will not only affect the fighters, but also make it difficult for weapons and equipment to play their roles.

Therefore, some war historians believe that the Ninth Corps rushed into North Korea and committed the so-called "military taboo", which is quite different from Mao Zedong's consistent insistence on "no war without preparation".

This view has two meanings: First, Mao Zedong fought an "unprepared war"; Second, Mao Zedong should never have put the Ninth Corps into the battle of Changjin Lake.

At that time, the 19th Corps was still available in China, so this mighty division belonging to the Northwest Military Region was slightly stronger in cold resistance than the 9th Corps in the south, and it could fully undertake the task of the Eastern Front.

Of course there is nothing wrong with this! Because in general, when fighting in cold areas, participating troops should give priority to using troops more suitable for cold areas.

But why did Mao Zedong choose the Ninth Corps suitable for fighting in the temperate zone? Is it really like what some people say, "We fought an unprepared war"?

The answer is of course no! As a great man, Chairman Mao has a unique strategic vision, and he has taken these issues into consideration. The reason why the Ninth Corps was transferred to Korea was that he thought it over carefully.

There are roughly the following two aspects!

Looking at the "resume" of the Ninth Corps, we can see that the Ninth Corps belongs to the East China Field Army and has jurisdiction over the 20th Army, 26th Army and 27th Army.

Among them, the 20th Army, formerly known as the Red Army Mindong Independent Division, insisted on guerrilla warfare in the south for three years. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was reorganized into the sixth regiment of the third detachment of the New Fourth Army, and/kloc-0 was reorganized into the first column of the East China Field Army in February, 947.

Among the troops of the ninth corps, the twentieth corps has the oldest qualifications and is good at deep penetration. In the War of Liberation, the 20th Army was the most powerful division, with outstanding achievements.

The predecessor of the 26th Army was developed from the main force of the Luzhong Military Region under the Shandong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and it was reorganized into the eighth column of the East China Field Army during the Liberation War, which was famous for its defense.

During the Huaihai Campaign, the Ministry successively participated in the operations of encirclement and suppression of the Yellow Corps, resistance to Xu's southward movement, and general attack on the Duji regiment, and achieved great results.

The 27th Army was formerly the local army of the Eighth Route Army Jiaodong Military Region in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, and was expanded to the ninth column of East China Field Army in 1947. The army is very good at fighting tough battles!

In the Battle of Meng Lianggu in May 1947, the first, fourth, eighth and ninth columns of the East China Field Army annihilated the reorganized 74th Division, which was called the "head of the five main forces" of the Kuomintang, and turned the war situation in East China in one fell swoop.

Although our army paid the price of 12000 casualties in this campaign, it is of great strategic significance.

To sum up with the words in Mao Zedong's Selected Military Works:

That's true!

In the "Battle of Meng Lianggu", there was a big gap between our army's weapons and equipment and the Kuomintang army completely equipped with American-made machinery. But the battle ended in the victory of our army and the defeat of the Kuomintang army.

This campaign not only accumulated rich operational experience for our army, especially how to use inferior equipment to meet the superior equipment of the enemy, but also was a successful practice of Mao Zedong's mobile warfare thought and encirclement tactics.

The three armed forces under the ninth corps have rich combat experience. In addition to surrounding the 74th Division reorganized by the Kuomintang Army in the campaign, they also besieged Du Group, Chiang Kai-shek's own unit, in the "Huaihai Campaign", forcing them into turtles in a jar!

1On May 27th, 949, after the liberation of Shanghai by Sanye, the troops strictly enforced the city policy and discipline, slept on the streets, refused to enter houses and accept gifts, and protected foreigners, and were praised by China people as "sentries under neon lights".

Therefore, to a certain extent, the Ninth Corps was not only a well-equipped unit in the PLA sequence at that time, but also an "elite division" with rich operational experience and strict discipline.

On the eastern front of the Korean battlefield, the main enemy faced by the volunteers is the US First Marine Division;

Since the establishment of 194 1, the division has experienced bloody battles like purgatory in Pacific battlefields such as Guadao and Okinawa, with outstanding military achievements and very strong combat effectiveness.

In addition, the division was full of 25,000 people, which was one of the most effective units in the US Army at that time. It claimed that it had never been defeated since its establishment and was called the "trump card in the trump card" of the US military.

However, in terms of the combat effectiveness and combat experience of the combat troops stationed in the Northeast Military Region at that time, it was difficult to compete with the US First Marine Division.

Therefore, after the 1st 1 3rd Corps of Volunteers was transferred to the battlefield on the western front of Korea, only the 9th Corps and the 9th Corps of China could compete with the 1st1Marine Division of the US Army.

However, the 19 Corps had only 80,000 troops at that time, while the 3 rd Army of the 9 th Corps, which was the main force attacking Taiwan, had 1.5 million troops.

In addition to the gap in strength, the 19 Corps is relatively weaker than the 9 Corps in terms of equipment, operational experience and operational quality of officers and men at all levels.

Therefore, from the overall operational experience, it is a better choice to transfer the Ninth Corps to the eastern front of the Korean battlefield!

Song Shilun, commander and political commissar of the Ninth Corps of Volunteers, a native of Huangcun, Liling North Township, Hunan Province, was a student in the fifth phase of Huangpu. He served as the chief of staff of the 2/KLOC-0 Army of the Red Army, the chief of staff of the West Route Army of the Central Soviet Area, the commander of the 28 th Army of the Red Army, the commander of the fourth column of the Eighth Route Army and the commander of the tenth column of the East China Field Army.

General Song served as the military commander for decades, repeatedly made meritorious military service and received many awards!

In addition to arranging troops and fighting against the enemy, General Song is a rare outstanding "Confucian general" of our army, with profound knowledge and humorous speech.

Tao Yong, deputy commander of the Ninth Corps, led his troops to direct operations and was invincible. He is recognized as a "desperate Saburo" by our army, and is also known as the "Tiger General" of Sanye with Ye Fei, Su Yu and Wang Bicheng.

General Tao Yong's most famous World War I should be the shelling of British warships!

1in April, 949, the British warship "Purple Yingshi" intruded into our military-controlled area without authorization and ran aground after being hit by our artillery fire.

After the destroyer Companion, which came to the rescue, was driven away by our artillery fire, the British government sent the heavy cruiser London and the frigate Black Swan in an attempt to retaliate against our army.

At this time, three British ships are on the channel where our army is about to cross the river.

When Tao Yong, commander of the 23rd Army of the Third Field Army, saw this scene, he felt extremely angry. He immediately called the head of the artillery regiment: "A good dog is in the way. You should be ready to blow it away. I'll ask the head of the legion right away. As long as a batch comes down, it will be on fire immediately! "

As soon as he hung up, Tao Yong immediately asked the Military Commission for instructions, and soon got an answer: If you don't shoot the first shot, people won't attack me, and I won't commit a crime; If people attack me, I will attack!

2 1 in the morning, British ships began to attack our position on the river bank!

Gunfire is an order! Of course, our artillery can't show weakness and fight back immediately. At the end of the day, the guns of rivers and banks rumble.

After the fighting started, Tao Yong didn't ask who fired first, but whether there were any casualties.

When hearing the news that Deng Ruobo, head of the 202nd regiment, chief of staff and political commissar were injured, and that more than 40 people, including fellow villagers, were injured, Tao Yong suddenly became angry. He immediately called Ye Fei, commander of the 10th Corps of the Third Field Army, for instructions!

On hearing that the British ship fired first, Ye Fei made a decisive decision and directly ordered: "Fight back! Fight back! "

Tao Yong quickly mobilized all the artillery fire on the river bank and told the on-site commander: To be accurate, we must end the battle before our army launched the battle to cross the river!

After a brief fierce battle, the "London" and the "Black Swan" who came to the rescue dropped the "Purple Timely" and fled scarred!

The "purple timely incident" was the first time that our general led his troops to fight against western powers on the battlefield and achieved great victory!

Before 1949 entered Korea, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De visited the Ninth Corps! He held General Tao Yong's hand tightly and said happily, "Well, you are Tao Yong. I have heard a lot about you! " This shows that Mr. Zhu loves and appreciates him!

The commanders of the 20th Army, 26th Army and 27th Army, in addition to Song and Deputy Commanders, are also excellent "Five Tiger Generals" with excellent military quality and rich operational experience.

In the Ninth Corps, the 27th Army led by Peng Deqing took the lead in entering the DPRK, and served as a rear guard in the first campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

At that time, considering dealing with the elite troops in the "United Nations Army" on the Eastern Front, I thought: "In this respect, we must use the main force of Song to be sure."

This army has been baptized by war, and its style is tenacious, and it dares to win the battle. In addition, generals at all levels have excellent military quality, rich operational experience and firm beliefs. These advantages are undoubtedly the reason why Mao Zedong valued the Ninth Corps.

Therefore, under the circumstances at that time, it was a better choice to send the Ninth Corps into the DPRK to undertake the task of the Eastern Front.

So, why did Mao Zedong attack mainly on the eastern front of the Korean battlefield? Is it really just to cope with the development of the "United Nations Army" on the eastern front and ensure the safety of the main flank of the volunteers on the western front?

Of course, it's not just that! As for the specific reasons, due to limited space, let's continue to talk about it!