Write me some introduction to World Food Day, junior high school level is enough

Introduction

World Food Day (WFD) is a day when governments around the world hold commemorative activities every year on October 16 around the development of food and agricultural production. World Food Day was decided at the 20th Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Conference in November 1979: October 16, 1981, was the first World Food Day. Since then, various commemorative activities have been held on this day every year to commemorate World Food Day.

Origin of editing this paragraph

In 1972, due to the global food harvest failure caused by two consecutive years of abnormal climate, coupled with the Soviet Union's large-scale rush to purchase grain, a world food crisis occurred. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations convened the first and second food conferences in 1973 and 1974 to arouse the attention of the world, especially the third world, to food and agricultural production issues. However, the problem has not been solved, and the world food situation has become more serious. It is against this background that the resolution on "World Food Day" was made.

October 16th was selected as World Food Day because the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was founded on October 16, 1945.

In its resolution on World Food Day, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations requires governments of all countries to organize various and lively celebrations on October 16 every year. On October 16, 1981, the first World Food Day attracted unprecedented attention from countries around the world. 150 countries around the world have held large-scale celebrations; more than 60 countries have issued more than 120 commemorative stamps with the theme of World Food Day, and 33 countries have minted more than 60 commemorative coins, with a total of 200 million pieces. It shows that people around the world are concerned about food and agricultural issues. Since the first World Food Day in 1981, the Chinese government has attached great importance to it, and departments such as agriculture, grain, reclamation, forestry, light industry, water conservancy, health, meteorology, and the Family Planning Commission have actively contributed to this event. Now, October 16th every year has become a day to call attention to food and agriculture.

Edit the background of "World Food Day" in this paragraph

"Food is the first necessity of the people", and food always has an irreplaceable basic position in the entire national economy.

How many people are hungry in the world now? Since its establishment, FAO has conducted five "World Food Surveys" from time to time. The conclusion drawn from these surveys is that hunger, far from being eliminated, is actually expanding. A report by the United Nations Population Fund in the early 1980s estimated that world cereal production could feed 6 billion people at that time. But during the same period, 450 million people around the world went hungry. At that time, there were only about 4.5 billion people in the world. In 1995, the world's population increased to 5.7 billion, and the number of hungry people increased to 1 billion.

Since the 19th century, there have been two views on food, namely blind optimism and pessimism. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, pessimism dominated. After the 1940s, as the world food situation improved, pessimism was gradually replaced by blind optimism. By the early 1970s, a worldwide drought occurred, the grain harvest failed, and a food crisis broke out. The harsh reality swept away the blind optimism. The birth of "World Food Day" shows that mankind has a correct understanding of food issues, and countries around the world have begun to pay enough attention to the development of food and agricultural production.

Edit this paragraph about the impact of food production on the environment

Since the 20th century, the world's population has been growing at a faster rate. Especially since World War II, the world's population has doubled every 37 years. Coupled with the need for rapid economic growth, food supply is under unprecedented pressure.

Between 1955 and 1985, the world's food production more than doubled, but during the same period, the area of ??cultivated land only increased by 15%.

These data illustrate two problems: First, the increase in grain production is not only due to the increase of cultivated land, but also through the excessive use of land; second, due to the excessive use of cultivated land, soil erosion and desertification have been caused, and in the end it cannot be achieved. Do not give up part of the cultivated land.

The fertility of the land is mainly maintained through the intermittent fallow of the land to regenerate nutrients. As population pressure increases, more food must be produced, and the area of ??fallow land must be reduced. Over time, the soil becomes increasingly poor and even loses its production capacity completely. In order to increase land fertility, applying large amounts of rare chemical fertilizers is one of the only technical means to increase grain production in the world today. However, the harm of chemical fertilizers to the environment has been ignored. All types of chemical fertilizers applied to farmland cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants. The average utilization rate of chemical fertilizers for various crops is: nitrogen 40-50%; phosphorus 10-20%; potassium 30-50%. Excess chemical fertilizers pose a great threat to the environment for human survival.

1. Chemical fertilizers pollute water bodies

One of the most serious consequences of excessive nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients is the eutrophication of water bodies. Eutrophication of water bodies is a natural process of water body aging, but chemical fertilizers greatly accelerate this process.

Another serious consequence is the contamination of groundwater. Nitrates and nitrites in chemical fertilizers move with water flow in the soil, or pass through the soil layer into groundwater.

2. Pollution of soil by chemical fertilizers

Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers will acidify or alkalize the soil; in addition, some of the mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials used to make chemical fertilizers contain a variety of heavy metals, radioactive substances and Other harmful components enter farmland with fertilization and cause soil pollution. For example, the application of phosphate fertilizers will inevitably bring harmful substances such as cadmium, strontium, fluorine, uranium, radium, and thorium to the soil. Applying too much phosphorus fertilizer will cause the cadmium content in the soil to be dozens or even hundreds of times higher than ordinary soil. Some chemical fertilizers also contain organic pollutants. For example, ammonia water often contains a large amount of phenol, especially ammonia water produced from coking plant waste gas, which contains more than one thousandth of the phenols, causing soil phenol pollution after application.

3. Atmospheric pollution from chemical fertilizers

Atmospheric pollution from chemical fertilizers is mainly caused by the decomposition of nitrogen fertilizers into ammonia and N2O generated during the denitrification process. Nitrogen oxide gas enters the atmosphere and deteriorates the quality of the atmosphere. In particular, nitrous oxide gas is stable in the troposphere and can rise to the stratosphere. Under the action of photochemistry, it undergoes a double reaction with ozone:

N2O O3--gt; NO O2

NO 02--gt;NO2 O2

This reaction consumes ozone and destroys the ozone layer. Some people speculate that by the year 2000, ozone will decrease in response to the application of nitrogen fertilizers2.

4. Offshore organisms are threatened by chemical fertilizers

The loss of large amounts of chemical fertilizers provides rich nutritional conditions for the massive reproduction of "red tide organisms" and has become one of the main causes of marine red tides. The occurrence of red tide destroys the marine ecosystem and causes fish and shellfish poisoning or death.

5. Chemical fertilizers can also harm forests.

Recently, many countries in Western Europe have discovered that a large number of trees are dying in some agricultural planting areas far away from industrial areas and traffic trunk lines. Investigations have confirmed that the irritating ammonia gas released from the large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer used is another "culprit" in causing forest death in addition to acid rain.

After ammonia is absorbed by plant leaves, it will form alkaline ammonia ions and accumulate in the plant body, interfering with important metabolic processes, damaging plant leaf cells, and hindering plant photosynthesis and growth. In mild cases, Plant leaves are damaged by ammonia fumigation, and in severe cases, "ammonia poisoning" and large-area leaf dieback occur. When ammonia and nitrogen oxides exist, they have a synergistic effect on plants and are more toxic.

6. The impact of pesticides on the environment

In order to ensure food production and prevent and control the occurrence of pests and diseases, pesticides have been widely used. According to a survey by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, if pesticides were not used, half of the world's total food harvest would be destroyed by various diseases, insects, and weeds. Pesticides were used, but only about 15% of the loss was recovered.

Pesticides are beneficial to humans, but they also cause pollution and harm to the environment.

Currently, there are more than 500 varieties of pesticides in the world. With the extensive use of various pesticides, the result is often that pests and beneficial insects are eliminated together, and the pests become more and more resistant to pesticides, and in the end they have to continue to increase the dosage of pesticides. Only about 10-30% of pesticides are actually effective against agricultural pests, about 20-30% enters the atmosphere and water bodies, and about 50-60% remains in the soil.

Extensive use of pesticides, or long-term use of the same type of pesticides, can make many pests resistant to pesticides. Continuous use of pesticides will also kill beneficial insects and birds. Therefore, the irrational use of pesticides not only cannot completely solve the problem of agricultural pests and diseases, but will also make many pests that are not harmful or difficult to control in the past become difficult to control. In this way, more and more pesticides may be used, forming a vicious cycle, and the damage and pollution of the ecological environment will gradually increase.

7. The impact of agricultural irrigation on soil

The importance and necessity of agricultural irrigation are well known. Now let’s look at the negative effects of irrigation. Agricultural irrigation accelerates water erosion, causing soil hardening and salinization.

8. The impact of agricultural irrigation on the water environment

Through erosion and leaching of farmland soil, irrigation water will carry soil particles, minerals, alkali and salt, bacteria, viruses, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, as well as Domestic sewage around irrigation areas is discharged into rivers or lakes through drainage channels to pollute surface water, increasing the salinity and turbidity of the water, affecting the smell, pH value, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients of the water. Irrigation water can also contaminate groundwater after infiltrating through the soil.

9. The impact of irrigation water on the geological environment

Since irrigation water relies heavily on groundwater, and the recharge of groundwater is very slow, deep groundwater is usually considered a non-renewable resource. Excessive exploitation of groundwater has caused the groundwater level to drop, forming a large funnel area, causing ground subsidence and collapse, a large number of wells being scrapped, and seawater intrusion in coastal areas.

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Human beings have racked their brains to increase food production. Since the 1970s, plastic film mulching cultivation technology has appeared in the world, which has promoted increased grain production. However, it has caused what is called "white pollution" of the agricultural ecological environment. Most of the plastic films currently used are polymer compounds made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, which are extremely difficult to decompose in nature. The remaining film fragments in the soil can exist for 400 years. Too much residual film reduces the air permeability and fertility of the soil.

After exhausting all methods, in order to obtain the food necessary for life, people continued to burn forests and open up farmland and pastures. Approximately 200 million hectares of forests in the world have been reclaimed as cultivated land, and more than 300 million people make a living from this. The large ecological environment supported by forests is seriously threatened.

Reflections when editing this paragraph to commemorate "World Food Day"

On the earth we live in, not only animals and plants, but also the varieties of crops are also decreasing day by day. Ancient farmers cultivated thousands of kinds of crops, but now only about 150 kinds are widely cultivated and have become people's main source of food. Among them, corn, wheat, and rice account for about 60%, while most other crop varieties are on the verge of extinction.

With the growing variety of crops and the explosive growth of the world's population, the world's food supply is becoming increasingly fragile.

Since Malthus published "On Population" in 1798, proposing that population growth will exceed the production of living materials, people have held different views on his prediction. In 1968, Paul Eherlich published "The Population Bomb"; in 1972, the Club of Rome published "The Limits of Growth". Both works further expressed concern that unrestrained population growth would lead to mass famine. Some people also hold different views on this view, believing that people not only consume, but also produce much more than they consume.

In the late 1970s, Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute in Washington, D.C., argued that ranchers and farmers around the world had exhausted methods to increase yields, but rice and wheat yields were beginning to decline. Elsewhere in Asia, rice researchers have been unable to significantly improve crop yields for more than 20 years.

Currently, the world's population is growing at a rate of 91 million per year. Many people are anxiously studying how long the earth can provide "enough" food for people.

Based on people's awareness and understanding of the difficulties faced by global food production and the environmental problems caused by excessive pursuit of food production, many governments attach great importance to holding "World Food Day" activities. Some heads of state deliver speeches on this day, some countries hold commemorative meetings or publish commemorative articles, and some national scientific research institutions publish food and agricultural research results, hold scientific seminars, etc., to improve people's understanding of food and a series of food-related issues. Attention and research on the problem.

What should non-governmental environmental protection organizations do today? Worth thinking about.

Edit this paragraph "World Food Survey"

How many people are hungry in the world? Since its establishment, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has conducted five "World Food Surveys" from time to time. The conclusion drawn from the data of these surveys is that instead of eliminating hunger, it is actually expanding. The "First World Food Survey" in 1946 took 70 countries (accounting for 90% of the world's total population) from 1935 to 1939 before the Second World War as the target, according to "the average daily caloric intake is less than 2250 calories" Defining malnutrition, it was concluded that about half of the world's population was malnourished. The "Second World Food Survey" in 1952 took 70 countries from 1946 to 1948 after the end of World War II. The conclusion drawn is that the overall nutritional level is lower than before the war, and all regions except North America, Europe, and Oceania have not reached the baseline level in the "Third World Food Survey" in 1963, based on 1957 to 1959. Targeting 80 countries, it was concluded that 60% of the population in developing countries was malnourished. The Fourth World Food Survey in 1977 analyzed data from 1972 to 1974, and the survey scope was expanded to 162 countries. countries. The conclusion is that 455 million people in the world are undernourished, and 1/4 of the population in developing countries falls into this category. Malnutrition in children and women is especially serious. From the perspective of the deterioration of the world's food situation, This is undoubtedly a warning.

The results of the Fifth World Food Survey in 1986 were: 112 developing countries (excluding China and other socialist countries) had a population of 335 to 449 million from 1979 to 1981. Malnutrition. The United Nations Population Fund claimed in the early 1980s that the world's cereal production could feed 6 billion people. However, during the same period, the world's population was only about 4.5 billion, but 450 million people were hungry. The world's population increased to 5.7 billion, and the number of hungry people increased to 1 billion. In 1972, due to global food harvest failures caused by two consecutive years of abnormal climate, coupled with the massive panic buying of grains by the former Soviet Union, a world food crisis occurred. The Agricultural Organization held the first and second food conferences in 1973 and 1974 to draw the attention of the world, especially the third world, to food and agricultural production issues. However, the problem was not solved, and the world food situation was instead. It is becoming more serious. According to predictions at the time, the world's food shortage will still trend in the 1980s. The resolution of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Conference on World Food Day was made against the backdrop of the increasingly acute contradiction between world food supply and demand.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations set the theme of World Food Day in 1996 as "Fighting Hunger and Malnutrition" and in 1997 as "Investing in Food Security". The purpose was to mobilize the world's power, increase agricultural investment, and enhance the effective supply of food. ability.

Based on people's awareness and understanding of the difficulties faced by global food production and the environmental problems caused by excessive pursuit of food production, many governments attach great importance to holding "World Food Day" activities. Some heads of state deliver speeches on this day, some countries hold commemorative meetings and publish commemorative articles, and some national scientific research institutions publish scientific research results on food and agriculture and hold scientific seminars, etc., to raise people's awareness of the importance of food and agriculture. , thereby promoting the development of food, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

Edit this paragraph my country’s food situation

Our country is a country with large agriculture and population. Our government has always attached great importance to food issues and has always prioritized developing food and agricultural production and solving the people’s food and clothing problems. In the most important position. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's food production has developed greatly. It has used 77% of the world's arable land to feed 22% of the world's population, creating a country with many people and little land to achieve basic self-sufficiency in food. of miracles. Summarizing my country's basic experience in improving food production conditions, we mainly insist on putting agriculture at the top of economic work, formulating agricultural development policies that are consistent with national conditions, mobilizing and protecting farmers' production enthusiasm, relying on scientific and technological progress, and increasing investment in agriculture. At present, our country is in the rapid development stage of industrialization, and the population is still increasing. To meet the people's growing food needs and continuously improve people's living standards, our country's agriculture faces very arduous tasks. Our basic policy is to achieve basic self-sufficiency in food based on domestic resources. To achieve this goal, we must stabilize the basic policies of the party and the government in rural areas, deepen rural reforms, increase agricultural investment through multiple channels, strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction, protect and improve the agricultural ecological environment, continuously promote agricultural science and technology progress, and actively develop the agricultural industry. It will form an organic combination and mutual promotion mechanism of production, processing and sales, and promote the transformation of agriculture into commercialization, specialization and modernization.

Edit the theme of this paragraph over the years

* Food first in 1981

* Food first in 1982

* Food security in 1983

* Women's participation in agriculture in 1984

* Rural poverty in 1985

* Fishermen and fishing communities in 1986

* Small farmers in 1987

* Rural Youth in 1988

* Food and Environment in 1989

* Preparing Food for the Future in 1990

* Life in 1991 Tree

* 1992 Food and Nutrition

* 1993 Harvest of Natural Diversity

* 1994 Water of Life

* 1995 Food for All

* 1996 Ending Hunger and Malnutrition

* 1997 Investing in Food Security

* 1998 Women Feeding the World

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* 1999 Youth Eliminate Hunger

* 2000 A Millennium Without Hunger

* 2001 Eliminate Hunger and Reduce Poverty

* 2002 Water: a source of food security

* Biodiversity for food security 2004

* Agriculture and intercultural dialogue 2005

* Investment in agriculture promotion 2006 Food Security for the World

* The Right to Food 2007

* World Food Security 2008: The Challenge of Climate Change and Bioenergy