Safety management of geological tourist attractions

1. The type of safety problems in tourist attractions

"Safety is more important than Mount Tai". Once there is a problem with tourism safety, it may turn into a catastrophic accident. It can be said that there is no tourism without security, and security is one of the most prominent problems that affect tourism decision-making and restrict the development of tourism. The safety problems of tourist attractions mainly include natural disasters, man-made disasters, safety accidents, public security management, etc. The protected contents include the safety of tourists' lives and property and the safety of tourist landscapes.

Zheng Xiangmin (28) analyzed the related documents, reports and survey results of tourism safety, and summarized the tourism safety problems into six manifestations from a macro perspective, namely, crime, fire, disease (poisoning), traffic accidents, natural disasters and other accidents. Various manifestations appear alternately or simultaneously in all aspects of tourism activities, mainly including:

(1) Crime

Crime has become one of the most striking manifestations of tourism safety due to the seriousness of the trauma and the sociality of the impact on tourists. Tourism crime here refers to crimes against tourists. Among the common types of tourism crimes, property crimes account for the vast majority. Among them, theft and fraud are the main forms, and violent crimes account for a small proportion, and are often associated with property crimes.

(2) fires and explosions

often cause serious consequences, such as casualties, damage to infrastructure, loss of property, and even disorder of the entire tourist attraction facilities system. It mainly includes two aspects: on the one hand, it refers to the fire that poses a threat to self-help tourists, mainly in hotels, entertainment places and tourist attractions; On the other hand, it refers to the fire caused by the improper behavior of self-help tourists.

(3) Traffic accidents

In all aspects of tourism operation, tourism traffic is one of the biggest links that affect safety issues. Tourism traffic accidents are often devastating. According to traffic forms, tourist traffic accidents can be divided into:

1. Road traffic accidents

Relevant data show that there are 5, traffic accidents in China every year, with more than 1, people killed and tens of billions of economic losses. In 27, there were 327,29 road traffic accidents in China, resulting in 81,649 deaths, 38,442 injuries and direct property losses of 1.2 billion yuan. With the development of expressway, serious and serious traffic accidents have risen sharply. In 27, 5925 people died in national highway accidents. Road traffic accidents are common, which is a huge safety hazard of tourist traffic.

2. Aviation accidents

Compared with other modes of transportation, air traffic is relatively safe; But for civil airliners, any accident may be disastrous.

3. Maritime accidents

refer to safety accidents in water bodies, which appear with the appearance of water transportation and water tourism projects such as cruise ships and bamboo rafts, including maritime accidents and inland river (lake) safety accidents. Many geological tourist attractions in China, because they are located in the sea, river and lakeside, objectively have many hidden dangers in water tourism safety.

4. Traffic accidents in scenic spots such as cable cars

Although the cable cars and ropeways improve the convenience of traffic in the scenic spots, it is easy for tourists to concentrate in scenic spots with limited capacity and cause safety problems.

(4) Disease (poisoning)

Tired journey, travel in different places leading to "acclimatization" and objective food hygiene problems may induce tourists' diseases or lead to food poisoning.

(5) Natural disasters

Natural disasters are security problems caused by uncontrollable natural causes such as weather and floods, which are relative to man-made disasters in tourism activities, and are one of the common problems in tourism security. Including natural disasters that threaten human life and destroy tourist facilities, other natural factors and phenomena that endanger tourists' health and life, and the dangers caused by tourists' contact with wild animals, plants and insects.

(VI) Other safety issues

In addition to the above five manifestations, tourism safety manifestations also include other special and unexpected emergencies. For example, playing with zoo animals was scratched and bitten, buildings collapsed and crushed, crowds were crowded and trampled.

second, the safety sign system

the safety sign system of tourist attractions refers to the overall deployment and specific arrangement of tourist image elements for the purpose of developing, utilizing and managing scenic spots, so that they can play a variety of functions and roles. Safety sign system can provide humanized service for tourists and guide them to complete their tourism activities smoothly and safely.

(1) Types of safety signs

In the tourist distribution center, main passages and dangerous areas of geological tourist attractions, a safety sign system should be set up according to the safety signs prescribed by the state to remind tourists to pay attention to safety. Safety signs are mainly composed of graphic symbols, safety colors, geometric shapes or words. International standard GB2894—1996 divides safety signs into four types.

1. Prohibition signs

Graphical signs used to prohibit unsafe behaviors of tourists. Including no fireworks, no smoking, no touching, no climbing, no entering, no passing, no crossing and no kindling. The basic graphic is a circular border with slash, the ring and slash are red, the graphic symbol is black, and the substrate is white.

2. Warning signs

Graphical signs used to remind tourists to pay attention to the surrounding environment and avoid danger. Including 28 signs, such as safety, fire, cables, falling objects, landslides, slipping and vehicles. The basic figure is a regular triangle frame, and there are figures with different connotations in the frame. The frame and figures are black and the substrate is yellow.

In addition, according to the Measures for the Safety Protection of Tourists, tourism administrative departments at all levels should establish a tourism safety early warning information release system. The system has been implemented in October 29, which clearly stipulates the rights and obligations of tourists and tourism product providers: according to the evaluation of the tourism safety status of tourist destinations, the tourist safety status of tourist destinations is marked with red, orange, yellow and blue respectively, and the red, orange, yellow and blue tourism warning information should be released to the public, respectively, indicating:

(1

(2) orange travel warning: it is suggested to reconsider the necessity of traveling to this destination to avoid unnecessary travel;

(3) early warning of yellow tourism: it is suggested to pay close attention to the factors that have occurred or may occur in tourist destinations that affect tourism safety;

(4) early warning of blue tourism: it is suggested to pay attention to the factors that have occurred or may occur in tourist destinations that affect tourism safety.

3. Instruction signs

Graphical signs used to force people to take certain actions and take preventive measures. Including 12 kinds of signs, such as must wear protective glasses, must wear safety helmet and must wear life jacket. The basic graphic is a circular frame, the graphic symbol is white, and the substrate is blue.

4. Prompt signs

Graphical signs that provide people with certain information (indicating safety facilities or places). Including emergency exits and safe havens. The basic graphic is a square frame, the graphic symbol is white, and the substrate is green.

(2) Precautions for establishing and perfecting the safety sign system in scenic spots

Because of the hidden effect, a single graphic symbol can't let tourists get the correct information, and it must be accompanied by words; All signs must be made and hung according to national standards so that all tourists can understand them; The material of the signboard should not only meet the characteristics of durability and no deformation when it meets water, but also be adapted to local conditions and coordinated with the resources and environment of tourist attractions; In order to ensure the effect and prevent disputes, safety signs should be inspected at least once every six months, and damaged signs that do not meet the requirements should be repaired or replaced in time.

Third, the safety facilities management of outdoor sports in geological tourist attractions

Most outdoor sports are adventure activities, such as mountaineering, rock climbing, camping, hiking and ice climbing, which are very exciting and challenging. It can make people embrace nature, challenge themselves, cultivate individual perseverance and teamwork spirit, and improve their ability to survive in the wild. While people are keen on outdoor sports, they often face the safety problems caused by it. It can be managed from the aspects of ropeway safety, cruise ship safety, mountaineering safety, drifting safety, upstream safety and so on.

(1) Safety management of ropeways and amusement facilities in geological tourist attractions

Amusement facilities have been set up in specific areas of the scenic spots, and most of the safety accidents in many scenic spots are closely related to tourist facilities such as ropeways. Many geological tourist attractions in China have built passenger and sightseeing ropeways, so the management and maintenance of these facilities are of great significance. The following measures should be taken to ensure the safety of ropeways and amusement facilities:

1. Compliance with relevant laws and regulations and strict examination and approval

Compliance with relevant national laws and regulations is an important prerequisite for ropeway construction in geological tourist attractions, and the examination and approval procedures must be strictly observed. First of all, the cableway construction should obey the relevant laws and regulations, and meet the requirements of the overall planning or construction detailed planning of tourist attractions. Secondly, the ropeway construction project should have environmental impact assessment report, engineering geological survey report and other related special reports, and the review results meet the construction requirements. At the same time, the construction units and individuals must be approved by the scenic spot management agencies and the city and county construction departments, and reported to the provincial authorities. The cableway project planned and constructed in the world cultural and natural heritage sites should conscientiously fulfill the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and make the cableway construction scientific and reasonable based on the principle of "protection first, rational development, scientific management and sustainable utilization".

on the contrary, if the laws and regulations are violated and the relevant complete examination and approval procedures are lacking, the construction will be stopped and lost. For example, the "Bailong Ladder" in Wulingyuan Scenic Area of Zhangjiajie has three glorious laurels-"the world's highest fully exposed outdoor sightseeing elevator, the world's highest double-decker sightseeing elevator, and the world's largest and fastest sightseeing elevator". However, this "ladder" has just been in operation for less than half a year. Due to the lack of safety inspection report and environmental impact assessment report required for elevator filing, it was stopped by the Ministry of Construction on September 3, 22, and it did not resume normal operation until August 7, 23, which brought huge losses to ropeway builders and the development of tourist attractions. Therefore, ropeway construction must comply with relevant laws and regulations and carry out strict examination and approval procedures, which is one of the important prerequisites for ropeway construction.

2. Handle the relationship between protection and development of scenic spots

In a certain sense, any form of development will have a certain impact on the ecological environment of scenic spots. However, the negative impact of ropeway construction can not be ignored, which is mainly reflected in the fact that the construction of ropeway will destroy the vegetation and landform in the scenic spot, and then affect the ecological value of the scenic spot. For the world natural and cultural heritage, it directly affects the overall image of the heritage. Therefore, correctly handling the relationship between protection and development is the first problem to be faced in ropeway construction.

From the perspective of sustainable economic growth, the effective protection and sustainable utilization of resources will always be the first priority. The core problem of dealing with the relationship between ropeway development and protection lies in "how to make careful decisions, carefully design and scientifically route, and effectively prevent damage to landscape quality and environmental quality". This requires that the cableway planning and design should not compete with the scenic spot, which is in a subordinate position compared with the landscape. For example, the construction of the Zhongtianmen ropeway in Mount Tai blew up 1/3 of the peak surface of Yueguan Peak, covering an area of 19, square meters. The dilapidated scene of this peak can be clearly seen from 1 to 2 kilometers away, causing the most serious damage in Mount Tai's history.

3. The upper part of the ropeway (the top of the mountain) must be attractive

Although the ropeway itself sometimes becomes a tourist landscape, it also has the function of commanding and enjoying the beautiful scenery, but the most basic function of the ropeway is the traffic function, and the main purpose of tourists taking the ropeway is to reach the scenic spot conveniently. Therefore, the upper part of the ropeway (the top of the mountain) must have an attractive landscape. If there is no attractive landscape or general landscape, it can't attract a large number of tourists and only satisfy the leisure of individual people's climbing and looking far, the ropeway construction is unnecessary. For example, in Wanshiyan Scenic Area in Xiamen, the top of the ropeway has neither attractive natural scenery nor rich human resources, which can't make tourists linger, so the income of the ropeway has been challenged, and the ropeway has become a major failure of Wanshiyan Scenic Area. If there is a good tourist attraction at the top of the ropeway, tourists will go there in large numbers. For example, there are 72 peaks in Huangshan Scenic Area, among which the three main peaks, Lotus Peak, Guangming Peak and Tiandu Peak, are all above 18 meters above sea level. Gu Song, a strange peak, looms in the sea of clouds, which is beautiful. Tourists who take the ropeway to watch the "welcoming pine" and "sea of clouds" are woven, which also brings rich tourism to Huangshan.

4. The scenic spot has a large height difference, and it is difficult to climb and the tour line is long

Many famous mountains have pleasant scenery, but the high peaks and steep mountains make it difficult to climb, which makes many elderly and frail tourists feel more than they can do. Cableway construction is generally in mountain scenic spots, and "big height difference, difficult climbing and long tour line" is an important prerequisite for cableway construction in mountain scenic spots. On the contrary, "small height difference, easy climbing and short tour line" does not need to build cableway facilities. For example, in the scenic spots in the plain and hilly areas, the height difference of the tourist areas is not large, so it is easy for tourists to visit the scenic spots, so it is generally not necessary to build ropeways. According to the scientific planning of cableway construction in tourist attractions, the vertical height difference of the mountain should be about 1 meters, the walking road should be more than 1 kilometers, and the climbing angle should be 45 degrees.

For example, Jinshanling Great Wall is the most magnificent section along the Great Wall in the north of Beijing. Over the years, Jinshanling Great Wall has become one of the biggest tourist attractions in northern Hebei except the summer resort because of its superior geographical location and well-preserved cultural relics, attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists for sightseeing and holidays. However, due to the precipitous location of many scenic spots here, it is difficult for many tourists with poor health and elderly disabilities to reach the ideal scenic spots, so they can only look at the Great Wall and sigh. In order to let more tourists enjoy the style of Jinshanling Great Wall from high altitude, the relevant departments have invested heavily in the construction of Jinshanling Great Wall cableway. This gondola cableway runs directly from the foot of the Great Wall to the vicinity of Xiaojinshanling Building. The scenery along the Great Wall has a panoramic view, allowing visitors to enjoy the elegance of the Great Wall calmly in a limited time.

(II) Mountaineering Tourism and Safety Equipment in Geological Tourist Attractions

1. Overview of Mountaineering

Mountaineering, as a unique sport, is popular all over the world with its charming charm. Modern mountaineering started in Europe and has only developed for more than 1 years. Mountaineering in China started late, and only after the birth of New China did it have the conditions for development. On May 24th, 196, three China climbers, Wang Fuzhou, Kampot and Qu Yinhua, successfully climbed Mount Qomolangma from the northern slope of Mount Qomolangma, which was once called "the route of death" by the British mountaineering team, creating the history of the first human conquest of Mount Qomolangma from the northern slope.

With China's social progress and economic development, mountaineering has made great progress. Mountaineering is no longer the patent of professional athletes, and folk mountaineering activities are booming, and commercial mountaineering activities have also emerged.

2. Safety equipment for mountaineering

The famous mountaineering sites in China include Mount Everest, Mount Chogory, Mount Xixiabangma, Altun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain, Meili Snow Mountain, etc. In the process of mountaineering, climbers will meet the test of difficulties and obstacles such as high altitude hypoxia, avalanches, rolling stones and sliding falls. For climbers who want to carry out such high-risk mountain exploration or competitive mountaineering, in addition to meeting the mountaineering conditions,