Some suggestions for young structural designers

Some suggestions for young structural designers

Structural engineer is a kind of person who uses materials with unknown exact properties to ensure the safety of buildings according to extremely imperfect theory without knowing the exact load and function. Below I have compiled articles about young structural designers for you, hoping to help you!

First of all, structural design education needs reform.

Many young people have joined the industry of architectural structural design, and the income of structural designers is also good, and structural people have ushered in spring. But not everyone's spring. A group of young people with boiling blood face trivial technical problems every day. Dai Yue, the star, is a designer, and she has great professional pressure. In fact, she leads a miserable life comparable to that of Foxconn employees. This is largely because our technical level has not yet reached the professional requirements. Only by breaking through technical barriers can the spring of structured people really come.

As for how to improve the design level, I remembered the experience I learned when learning a foreign language. It took 13 years to learn a foreign language from junior high school examination to graduate school. When I went abroad for the first time, I found that the foreign language I learned was far from the practical application, and even the basic problems were difficult to solve. During my one year abroad, I learned from drivers, chefs and local engineers for the needs of my life and work? Foreign languages can finally be opened. When I returned to China, I forgot that this was China in the elevator of Kunming Airport. When I answered other people's questions in a foreign language, I found that the other person was at a loss, and then I realized that this was China. 13 efforts can't be compared in one year. Why? It's not that we don't work hard, but that we are working in the wrong direction. A foreign language is not a noble thing, but a problem of traditional school teaching methods.

Examination based on setting, rather than learning based on demand, has delayed our youth for more than ten years. Similarly, so is structural design learning. Many people have studied mathematics for many years, such as algebra, geometric mathematics, calculus, probability theory, linear algebra, discrete mathematics and so on. , and studied a lot of engineering mechanics, such as material mechanics, structural mechanics, theoretical mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics, etc. How much can they be used in practical engineering? School education is not based on actual needs. Therefore, many engineers like to build cars behind closed doors at home, gnaw at specifications and cling to software. Many people think that the design level of the compound is very high, but it is not. The level of a design institute is the level of several engineers who do specific things. Most of the products are behind closed doors, relying too much on specifications and software, only caring about the results but not the process, and the structural design ideas are not clear, regardless of primary and secondary, do not understand the essence of structural design, and do not grasp the logic of structural design. As a result, design is like disrupting a war. It is stressful, inefficient and of poor quality to design with a lot of problems every day.

Theoretical courses in schools are out of touch with practical applications. Mathematics, theoretical mechanics, structural mechanics, material mechanics, etc. The research is not based on the needs of design engineering, and the exams are very advanced, so they will not be applied to engineering practice. The specification has created many terms and put forward many requirements. It is difficult for ordinary people to see the law behind it, and it is difficult to connect with reality in many places. Therefore, high-scoring people may not be able to make high-scoring designs. This reminds me that foreigners failed in CET-4. This is the same as learning English. From junior high school to college graduation, we still can't write and can't talk. The success of New Oriental English is the proof of the failure of English teaching in schools. Structuralist education has the same problem. This educational model, which is based on the needs of exams and lacks practice, leads many newly graduated students to face the design without knowing where to start. In design units, paying attention to speed rather than training design skills makes a group of young people miss the best opportunity to learn knowledge in life and lose the ability to think independently. The most troublesome thing is that our structure is education and our structural design thinking mode. In school, teachers give lectures by chanting. After graduation, like an unassembled machine, it can't run on its own, let alone produce products. I just graduated as a designer. First of all, I spent a lot of time painting, which was limited by technical barriers among my colleagues.

Engineers have never grasped the truth of design on the road to success. All these are norms and so-called empirical rhetoric. I think the training of structural engineers in China has never been on the right track. The passing rate of the annual registration examination is lower than 10%, which proves this. If engineers are classified horizontally, they can be divided into drawing level, simply supported beam level, frame level and civil level. In my opinion, 80% engineers in our country belong to drawing and simply supported beams.

Stick to the rules and lack innovation. Our structural engineer education needs a revolution. The goal is that structural engineers can skillfully use the basic theory of structure to solve structural design problems. Whether the auxiliary software is good or bad and whether it is standardized, we can formulate a reasonable structure. The direction is: structural design learning method (PSR) based on structural behavior requirements.

The training of engineers should get back on track. Engineers should do what engineers should do, and software should do what software should do and standardize it. Are we going to do it? I'm responsible for my design, okay? What is structural design? Structural design is a knowledge and a habit. If the design is done thoroughly, it is like playing with building blocks. If you don't do it thoroughly, it's like walking a maze. It is better to design more than to think more, and it is better to think more than to think thoroughly. Bottom line: Do it thoroughly and get into the habit. How to do it specifically? I want to talk about my views on structural design and the improvement of structural engineers' skills here.

Secondly, the problem of young designers.

I usually like to discuss problems with young colleagues online, and I find that many young colleagues have the same problems.

1 is inseparable from the specification. When designing, we must follow the specifications one by one. I don't know how to make a reliable and reasonable design and how to optimize it.

I like to use PKPM. No matter what problems you encounter, you like to use software to build model analysis. I hope all problems can be expressed in the software model.

I don't like analysis. I don't know how to analyze unfamiliar structural forms.

I have no confidence in the safety and reliability of the structure. Some people make a structure, don't know how much redundancy the structure has, and finally finish the design and can't sleep every day.

5, messy specifications. It is obviously the compression part, so we must calculate the cracks in concrete. Fatigue of crane beam used for maintenance must be calculated;

6. There is no logic. Do structural design, don't think about the key place, focus on the secondary place.

Why is this happening? In the final analysis, there is no systematic understanding of structural behavior and design essence. For example, it is not clear about the load value, how the structure works and how it is destroyed, and how the component collapses. Structural engineers put aside the basic structural principles and put a lot of energy into drawing beautiful drawings and structural calculation software. This reminds me that China students learn English and memorize grammar every day instead of speaking and using English. In the end, most of them are dumb English, and the level of foreign language application is not as good as that of chefs who have spent several years overseas.

Third, design logic is more important than design technology.

The essence of structural design is the same, which is a problem of structural mechanics and material mechanics. The most important thing in structural design is design logic. Others, such as software application, skilled specification and neat drawing, are all auxiliary. Main structural design logic:

1) structural safety level: key components and secondary components;

2) The essence of structural design is: structural failure prediction (structural analysis) and structural failure prevention (structural design);

3) Understanding structural behavior is the basis of structural design;

4) Before design, determine the design objectives;

5) All parameters of structural design must be reliable. Reliability theory is the basis of structural safety.

6) Structural design is divided into evaluation layer and actuarial layer. For any design, the simplified method should be evaluated first, and actuarial calculations should be made when the evaluation deems it necessary. Unless local evaluation considers it critical, finite element calculation such as ABAQUS or ANSYS is needed.

Fourthly, about software design.

When I first joined the work, it was mainly PKPM, and I wanted to solve any design. Because of the limited function of PKPM, it is very troublesome to build some irregular structure models, so we try our best to build models. Waste a lot of time and energy. In retrospect, why not find a solution without PKPM? Many troubles are caused by using some kind of software, so why do we have to use it? So I suggest you don't rely too much on software. Develop software dependence and lose control of design, the design level will never improve, and it will bring endless trouble to your work. In order to reduce the trouble, finish the design as soon as possible, instead of spending too much energy to study the working principle of a software. Besides PKPM, other internationally recognized general-purpose software such as STAADPRO, MIDAS, ABAQUS, ANSYS, etc. There are similar operation ideas, but the interface and operation methods are different. Just like the mobile phone operating system, it is similar. Different software has different emphases, so it is hard to say whether it is good or bad.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) on the design specification of China

Norms are like laws, the best laws focus on jurisprudence, and the worst laws are based on the interests of some people. Our rules are like the worst laws. China's code pays more attention to specific requirements than principles, hoping to help engineers consider many problems, but it limits their creativity. The specification puts forward many requirements behind closed doors. When problems are found in practice, they are constantly upgraded and patched, and the results are getting thicker and thicker. Every specification likes to copy each other, which makes it very confusing and complicated. When one specification is upgraded, other specifications are also busy upgrading. A group of people are busy releasing new normative explanations and giving lectures everywhere. A group of people are busy making money. who the hell are all these people？ They are tyrants and tyrants. In order to write instructions, it costs a lot of money every year, and all experiments have to be repeated many times. This ancient project, they can bring forth new ideas every year, why? Because they do what they need, not because of science.

As users of norms, we should know the truth behind norms. Whether it is steel structure, concrete or high-rise structure or earthquake resistance, it is necessary to return to the load. Structural behavior? The anti-failure design of structures is a problem of structural mechanics and material mechanics. As long as we know the truth behind the specification, dozens of specifications are condensed into one specification, and other specifications are variants of this specification. Then you will become a real structural engineer. Any design is easy for you to pick up and put down.

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