What is fire safety knowledge for chemical companies?

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Chemical industry production itself faces important issues in production safety and environmental protection. The raw materials and products of chemical companies cover a wide range and variety, and most of them are flammable, explosive and toxic substances. The production process of chemical enterprises is complex, the processes are diverse, and the operating control conditions are strict. With the rapid development of the chemical industry, some enterprises have largely ignored the production safety of the enterprise and reduced the capital investment in safety in order to pursue excessive economic benefits. , causing these problems to become a major obstacle to the continued rapid development of the chemical industry. In order to improve the firefighting and rescue capabilities of the firefighting force and effectively control and prevent safety accidents in chemical enterprises, the author took advantage of the convenience of engaging in fire supervision work in Guannan County to conduct in-depth research on chemical enterprises, carefully study the characteristics of chemical enterprises, and explore their prevention. measure. After half a year of research, the author believes that chemical companies have the following dangers:

1. There are many dangerous goods in the company and the fire risk level is high. After an accident, it is easy to cause heavy casualties and property. damaged.

Since the chemical raw materials and chemical products produced, processed and stored by chemical companies are highly flammable, explosive and toxic, the situation after a fire or leakage accident is complicated, with explosions, re-ignition and re-explosion, and diffusion. The range is large and the speed is fast, which can easily lead to three-dimensional, large-area, multiple fire points and other forms of combustion. It not only leads to production suspension, equipment damage, product failure, and backlog of raw materials, interrupting the social production chain, and reducing social productivity, but also causes heavy casualties and property losses, and even affects the society causing immeasurable losses and irreparable losses. Influence.

2. Enterprises use a lot of dangerous goods, and accidents can easily cause environmental pollution and fires.

In chemical production, it is inevitable to use a large amount of chemical products, intermediates, by-products and impurities contained in them, as well as the "three wastes" emissions in production. These are industrial poisons, toxic and corrosive. and fire hazard. Once leaked into the atmosphere or discharged into rivers, it will easily cause a large number of casualties and air and water pollution, such as chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, phosphorus-containing sewage, etc. After leakage accidents of some highly toxic chemical raw materials, they cause great harm to the atmosphere and water, have long-lasting effects, and are difficult to control. Such as cyanogens, nitriles, organic phosphides, etc. These items generally have low ignition points, are easy to ignite, and are self-combustible. They are flammable and explosive when exposed to acids and oxidants. They themselves or their combustion products are highly toxic, often causing unexpected fires and explosions.

3. There are many dangerous goods, the fire situation is complex, and fire extinguishing and rescue are difficult, which increases the risk for rescuers.

After a fire accident occurs in a chemical enterprise, the fire situation is generally very complicated, often accompanied by explosion, flash fire, secondary explosion, or explosion after combustion, or alternating combustion and explosion. Explosions can be both physical and chemical, or explosions of both natures may occur one after the other. Coupled with the high calorific value of chemical products, the thermal radiation generated after combustion can quickly heat the surrounding adjacent container equipment, causing the chemical products in adjacent container pipelines to rapidly pressurize, volatilize, and decompose, adding dangerous conditions to the expansion of the fire.

In addition, chemical fires often change too fast, and various dangerous situations emerge in an endless stream. Toxic gases can seriously threaten the safety of fire-fighting and rescue personnel; corrosive substances can burn the skin of rescue personnel and damage fire-fighting equipment; buildings Collapse will cause serious consequences such as casualties to rescuers. All these make fire fighting and rescue work very difficult.

■In view of the above-mentioned risks in chemical enterprises, we should focus on the following points when conducting fire safety supervision and inspection of chemical enterprises:

1. Make good planning, rational layout, and manage from the source start.

Before the chemical enterprise is put into operation, the fire department should work with the planning, planning, economic and trade, safety supervision, environmental protection and other departments in accordance with the "Planning Law of the People's Republic of China", "The People's Republic of China and the State Council" "Fire Protection Law", "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" and relevant technical specifications, combined with the local overall plan and actual conditions, and in accordance with the principles of scientific planning and reasonable layout, the site selection, surrounding environmental conditions, and emission of flammable gases of chemical enterprises , steam and combustible dust plant locations, wind directions, safety distances, etc. should be prepared. Chemical enterprises should be arranged in the suburbs of the city or on the edge of the city, and should be strictly checked in accordance with relevant specifications during the approval process to ensure that chemical enterprises The source management of fire safety is implemented in detail.

2. Strengthen fire safety management and establish and improve various management systems.

Chemical enterprises should put the safety of production in the first place based on the production characteristics of the enterprise, implement dedicated personnel to strengthen fire safety management, and establish and improve various safety management systems in a timely manner. The first is to focus on fire prevention, conduct fire safety analysis in advance, and analyze, measure and evaluate the inherent and potential hidden dangers in engineering projects, production processes and operations in advance to provide a basis for establishing basic preventive countermeasures. The second is to strengthen fire safety management, strengthen fire safety awareness among employees, clarify fire safety responsibilities, and establish and improve various fire safety systems and safe operating procedures to prevent accidents.

3. Use advanced technology to reduce the probability of fire hazards.

As a high-risk industry, the chemical industry has a very complex production process. In some productions, a little carelessness can lead to fire accidents. Therefore, while considering economic benefits, chemical companies should increase their technological transformation, including the transformation of production equipment, production conditions, production processes, etc., introduce advanced production processes and equipment, and implement automation and intelligence of hazardous production. Through these methods, the probability of safety accidents can be reduced, thereby reducing the fire risk in chemical production.

4. Strictly implement regulations, strengthen joint law enforcement, and ban illegal production enterprises in accordance with the law.

According to statistics, small chemical companies account for the vast majority of various safety accidents that occur in chemical companies. In the production process, small chemical companies are seriously backward in production technology, high operating costs, and low efficiency. Therefore, under the premise of excessive pursuit of economic benefits, the company has seriously insufficient capital investment in fire safety, and owes a lot of debts during the construction process of the company. Many fire protection facilities are not in place, leaving many fire hazards. Some small businesses even engage in illegal production at the expense of safety, which has brought great harm to the safety of people's lives and property and their daily work and life. Although the country has realized the seriousness of this problem, various localities have also taken some administrative and compulsory measures to shut down some small chemical plants that pose great safety risks and pollute the environment. For example, the chemical industry park where the author is located, the government has held many meetings for this purpose. , requiring all relevant functional departments to strengthen supervision and law enforcement, score chemical companies, and suspend operations for rectification of companies that fail to meet the basic points for safe production. However, due to excessive reasons, chemical companies have closed and reopened. , opened and closed again and again, but the fire hazard has never been rectified. In response to this problem, the author suggests that relevant functional departments should strengthen cooperation, increase law enforcement efforts, and resolutely shut down chemical companies that fail to meet regulatory requirements, have many hidden dangers, and cause serious environmental pollution.